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Not AvailableThis review paper starts with highlighting the studies on effect of elevated CO2 and Temperature on Crop-disease Interactions under enhanced greenhouse gas emissions, and implications on achievement of food security and development goal. The complexities of climate change, and the biotic responses to this, makes prediction of the future impact of climate change on emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) of plants difficult, but broad trends can be surmized. Global circulation models predict that high latitudes and elevations will warm to a greater degree than the global mean warming, and that winter and nocturnal minimum temperatures will continue to increase. A changing climate is likely to bring changing patterns of climate variability, including extreme meteorological events, such as precipitation anomalies and greater temperature variations. The precise impacts of climate change on insects and pathogens is somewhat uncertain because some climate changes may favor pathogens and insects while others may inhibit a few insects and pathogens. The analysis of the potential impacts of climate change on plant diseases is essential for the adoption of adaptation measures, as well as for the development of resistant cultivars, new control methods or adapted techniques, in order to avoid more serious losses.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableGarden pea (Pisum sativum L. var. hortense) is cultivated during winter in subtropical and early spring in temperate zones. The major constraint to its cultivation, especially in low- and mid-hills, is infection by the causal organism of powdery mildew. Varietal diversification is needed to develop early- and medium-duration resistance to powdery mildew. Breeding work was initiated to develop a high-yielding garden pea cultivar with medium maturity, dark green pods, and resistance to powdery mildew. ‘Vivek Matar 11’ is a new garden pea cultivar developed by hybridization between ‘Azad Pea 1’ × ‘PRS-18-6-4-5-1’. It is a medium maturity cultivar having attractive long green curved pods with 8–10 sweet seed/pod and is highly resistant to powdery mildew. Average green pod yield is 10–11 Mt·ha−1.Not Availabl

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Not Availableचारकोल वृन्त सडन रोग दुनिया के शुष्क क्षेत्रों में मक्का की एक व्यापक बीमारी है। यह ज्यादातर तनाव से जुड़ी एक फफूंद बीमारी है, जो कई देशों में प्रचलित है, यह बीमारी कई देशों में आर्थिक नुकसान का कारण बनती है, जैसे भारत, सूडान, संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका, मैक्सिको, ब्राजील, ऑस्ट्रेलिया, इथोपिया और माली। यह तने के निचले भाग को संक्रमित करता है, और पानी की गति को अवरुद्ध कर सकता है, यह पौधों को शारीरिक रूप से कमजोर करता है। पहला दिखाई देने वाला लक्षण डंठल के निचले भाग पर दिखाई देता है। यह राख मलिनकिरण जैसा दिखता है। जब तने को काटकर देखा जाता है, तो काला पाउडर सवहनी बंडलो और तनो पर दिखाई देता है। यह बीमारी मैक्रोफोमिना फेजोलिना रोगजनक से होती है। यदि संक्रमण द्वितीय जड़ों के उभरने से पहले होता है, तो पौधे मर जाते हैं। शुष्क मौसम, उच्च तापमान (35-38 डिग्रीसेल्सियस) और मिट्टी मे नमी की कमी इत्यादि रोग के लिए महत्वपूर्ण कारक हैं। शीघ्र परिपक्वता वाली किस्में आमतौर पर बीमारी से बच जाती हैं। उच्च स्तर की आनुवंशिक प्रतिरोधकता उपलब्ध नहीं है। उपज और पर्यावरणीय तनाव, विशेष रूप से नमी और तापमान के साथ रोग का मजबूत संबंध, मेजबान प्रतिरोध का मूल्यांकन करने का कार्य करता है।Not Availabl

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Not AvailablePost-Flowering Stalk Rot (PFSR), Curvularia Leaf Spot (CLS) and Cyst Nematode (CN) are major threats of maize in the Central Western Zone of India particularly in Rajasthan. A field study was conducted to evaluate the effective component to manage these threats. A total of six and seven treatments were applied for management of Post-flowering stalk rot (PFSR) and Curvularia leaf spot (CLS) diseases including fungicides, bio-agents and botanicals respectively. In case of PFSR, Out of six treatments, bioagent Trichoderma viride in 100 Kg FYM was found most effective with 78.34% disease control followed by, Propiconazole @ 0.1% spray at 40 days (77.89% disease control). In case of CLS, seed treatment with fungicides combination of Carbendazim +Mancozeb @0.25% as well as spray at 45 and 65 DAS @ 0.2% found most effective with 70.0% disease control followed by, Alliete ST @4g/Kg seed and FS at 45 and 60 DAS @ 0.2% (68.0% disease control).To manage the cyst nematode, four biocontrol agent with different concentration were applied as seed treatment. Out of these, bioagent Glomus fasciculatum 4% w/w showed maximum reduction (51.33 %) in females/5g root and Cyst/100cc soil (49.32%) followed by Metarrhizium anisopliae 4% w/w (41.59 % reduction in females/5g root and 41.32 % reduction in Cyst/100cc) . These effective components can be validated and used as effective management strategies of mentioned threats.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableInvestigation on yield loss assessment in maize due to maydis leaf blight (MLB) and banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB) were conducted during Kharif 2010-2014 under multi-locational fields of Northern India conditions. Result of field experiments revealed 12.69 per cent yield loss for MLB at Delhi while the yield loss was 42.66 per cent at Dhaulakuan during the years of 2010-2012. The yield loss for MLB was 19.71 per cent at Ludhiana during 2013-14. BLSB disease caused 13.66 per cent loss at Delhi during 2012- 2013 whereas 20.62 per cent yield loss was recorded at Pantnagar during 2011-2013. Significant loss in grain yield (q ha ) was observed due to BLSB in unprotected plots as compared to protected treatments at –1 across different locations. Present study revealed a positive correlation for both diseases with weather parameters like Tmax, Tmin, relative humidity and rainfall. These results suggested that locations strongly influence disease incidence and grain yield probably due to environmental factors. The analysis of weather parameters with the incidence of MLB and BLSB disease of maize could be used by plant pathologists to develop or redesign management strategies for the maize growers.Not Availabl

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