Development of Simple and Cost-effective Treatment System for Municipal Wastewater

This study developed an alternative municipal sewage treatment system based on the pilot- and full-scale experiments. This proposed system consisting of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and trickling filter using a polyurethane sponge as packing material. This aerobic process was originally developed and named as a down-flow hanging sponge (DHS). DHS reactors accomplished high process performance during pilot- and full-scale experiments in Japan and other countries. The effluent quality of the DHS reactors was comparable to that of activated sludge systems. Moreover, advantages of DHS reactors include simple operation and maintenance (O&M), no required oxygen supply, small land requirement, and less excess sludge production. Indeed, the estimated energy requirement and excess sludge production of UASB and DHS systems were found to be approximately 75 and 85 % lower than those of conventional activated sludge systems, respectively. The high process performance can be attributed to the fact that the DHS reactor maintains much of the sludge in the reactor at concentrations 5–10 times higher than activated sludge. This indicates that DHS reactors have the potential for use as reliable, affordable, and efficient treatment systems, and can be used widely including developing countries

Use of G3-DHS Bioreactor for Secondary Treatment of Septic Tank Desludging Wastewater

Study was done for the use of the third-generation of downflow hanging sponge (G3-DHS) bioreactor for secondary treatment of septic tank desludging wastewater. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the prospective system of G3-DHS bioreactor to be applied in Indonesia. During experiment, the G3-DHS bioreactor kept a relatively high dissolved oxygen concentration under natural aeration. At a relatively short hydraulic retention (HRT) of 3 h, the G3-DHS bioreactor could remove up to 21% (SD = 15%) of total COD, 21% (SD = 7%) of filtered-COD, 58% (SD = 24%) of unfiltered-BOD, and 33% (SD = 24%) of ammonium removal. The final effluent had an unfiltered-BOD of only 46 mg/L (SD = 20 mg/L) that it was below the Indonesian standard (unfiltered-BOD = 100 mg/L) for thresholds of domestic wastewater treatment plants effluent

Unjuk Kerja Down-Flow Hanging Sponge (DHS) Bioreaktor sebagai Secondary Treatment untuk Pengolahan Limbah Domestik

Wastewater pollution will continue to grow as the population and community activities continue to increase. Various techniques have been applied for domestic waste treatment, but generally these processes require relatively high operation and maintenance costs. Down Flow Hanging Sponge (DHS) has been proposed as a solution to the problem of handling domestic waste for developing countries. DHS bioreactor is a biological waste treatment that does not require an aerator and is easy to operate. This study aims to evaluate DHS bioreactors that can be applied in Indonesia. DHS bioreactor is operated with 4 hours hydraulic retention time (HRT). The results showed that DHS bioreactor is able to reduce up to 34% Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) total, 33% soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), 80% Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) total, and 65% Ammonia.ABSTRAK Pencemaran  air limbah akan terus bertambah dengan meningkatnya jumlah penduduk dan aktifitas masyarakat. Berbagai proses telah diaplikasikan untuk pengolahan limbah domestik, tetapi umumnya proses-proses tersebut membutuhkan biaya operasi dan perawatan yang relatif mahal. Downflow Hanging Sponge (DHS) telah diusulkan sebagai pemecahan persoalan penanganan limbah domestik untuk negara-negara berkembang. DHS bioreaktor adalah pengolahan limbah secara biologis yang  tidak membutuhkan aerator dan mudah dalam pengoperasian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi bioreaktor DHS sehingga dapat diterapkan di Indonesia. Bioreakor DHS dioperasikan dengan hydraulic retention time (HRT) 4 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan DHS bioreaktor mampu mengurangi  hingga 34% Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) total, 33% soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), 80% Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) total, dan 65%  ammonia

Enhanced sulfide removal by gas stripping in a novel reactor for anaerobic wastewater treatment

Removal of sulfide by gas stripping using biogas produced in an internal phase-separated reactor (IPSR) was evaluated during anaerobic treatment. The IPSR consisted of upper and lower segments with a gas–liquid partitioning (GLP) valve between the sections. Wastewater was fed to the upper segment in the first stage and then to the lower segment in the second stage. The GLP valve separated the liquid phase from the gaseous phase and supplied biogas from the lower segment to the upper segment. The IPSR and a control reactor were fed with synthetic wastewater and operated in parallel under an organic loading rate of 12 kg COD/(m3 day) at 35 °C. The sulfide concentration increased to 400–600 mg S/L, which is above the previously reported 50% inhibition level for methanogenic activity. The IPSR showed higher H2S removal performance than the control reactor and removed approximately twice the H2S as the control reactor at 400 mg S/L, indicating that it can be used for the stable treatment of wastewater containing high concentrations of sulfide. HIGHLIGHTS Sulfide removal was evaluated in an internal phase-separated reactor (IPSR).; The IPSR consisted of an upper segment (first stage) and a lower segment (second stage).; Sulfide in the upper segment was removed by biogas supplied from the lower segment.; Sulfide removal was higher in the IPSR than in the control reactor.; The IPSR had higher organic removal than the control reactor.

Effects of sponge pore-size on the performance of a down-flow hanging sponge reactor in post-treatment of effluent from an anaerobic reactor treating domestic wastewater

The effects of sponge pore-size (SPS) in a down-flow hanging sponge reactor were evaluated, in terms of removing organic and nitrogen substances from anaerobic reactor effluent. Five down-flow hanging sponge reactors with SPSs of 0.56, 0.63, 0.83, 1.25 and 1.92 mm were constructed and all operated at a hydraulic retention time of 1 h, being continuously fed effluent from an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor for the treatment of domestic wastewater. The evaluation was conducted over 170-d experimentation under ambient conditions. The results indicate that SPS has a significant influence on the removal of organics and nitrogen from wastewater; however, increasing the SPS from 0.83 to 1.92 mm greatly reduced the accumulation of sludge on the sponge cell matrix, lowering the effective volume of the sponge, which subsequently affected the removal performance of the reactors. The average sludge accumulation for the 0.56 mm SPS was 46 g suspended solids L−1 sponge, exhibiting better performance compared to the other SPSs. Keywords: Domestic wastewater, Down-flow hanging sponge, Sponge pore-size, Tracer study, Organics removal, Nutrient remova

Low emission strategy: Application of G3-DHS bioreactor as an energy-efficient and cost-effective domestic wastewater treatment system (construction and evaluation of a pilot-scale in Banda Aceh City)

iv.;29 hlm.;ilus.;tab.;29 cm

Low emission strategy: Application of G3-DHS biorectors as an energy-efficient and cost-effective domestic wastewater treatment system (construction and evaluation of a pilot-scale in Banda Aceh City)

vi,56 hlm.;29 c