Federalism and fiscal reform in India.

This paper attempts to analyse the experience of incentivising economic reforms at the state level through central transfers to states. It reviews the experiences of the central government introducing incentives for reform directly through various specific purpose transfers as well as the incentive schemes recommended by various Finance Commissions. The incentive schemes directly introduced by the central government include, accelerated irrigation benefit programme, accelerated power development and reform programme, Jawaharlal Nehru Urban Renewal Mission, education and health sector reforms. The reforms recommended by the Finance Commissions include incentivising tax reforms and fiscal restructuring and consolidation. The review of the experiences of Indian fiscal federalism shows that the incentivising reforms have neither been an unqualified success nor have they been a total failure. There are interesting lessons to be learnt from the experiences for both designing the incentive schemes and implementing them. The paper summarises the lessons of experience. While incorporating these in designing and implementing incentive schemes can be useful in the short and medium term, what matters in the long run is the political incentive for reforms.

Secure and Decentralized healthcare applications using Blockchain

Before the Internet period started, we had Usenet wherein the clients needed to run their very own servers so as to impart and as web went along 10 years after the fact one needed to have their site on the server they claimed and needed to purchase a DNS area to point to their site making a decentralized framework, however this gave security which nobody expected in those days it was likewise unbelievably costly and consequently came the facilitating administrations which advanced a progressively concentrated framework which was without a doubt increasingly productive and less expensive around then. Brought together frameworks were increasingly advantageous to clients yet as the quantity of clients continued duplicating, it gave huge capacity to the organizations that claim these incorporated frameworks. These enterprises claim heaps of client information and control the web with the ability to impact all that we see and do on the web. The ongoing advancements in the Blockchain innovation have allowed to bring back the decentralized frameworks and it is right now being utilized by digital forms of money and in fintech yet with more research on blockchain could change different mechanical parts of our life including our administration and the ebb and flow human services framewor

Influence of impulse waveshape on breakdown voltage of a nonuniform-​field gap in compressed gases

The effects were studied of the pulse wave-​shapes, gas pressure (p)​, and polarity on the breakdown voltage (Vs) of a sphere-​plane gap in compressed air and N. The pressure was 0-​150 lb​/in2 gage, the gap spacing was 6.35-​102 mm, and the risetimes of the pulsed voltage was 2.1-​189 μsec. For a pulsed voltage of either polarity, certain gap lengths exhibited a crit.-​pressure effect, and the gap lengths and the pressure at which this effect was obsd. depended on the risetime of the pulsed voltage. Observations of the dependence of Vs on the risetime showed that Vs decreased with increasing risetimes, for risetimes of 16 μsec or 40 μsec, beyond which it increased again to reach a max. at risetimes of the order of 100 μsec. For risetimes >100 μsec, Vs again decreased with increasing risetime. This behavior was similar for both N and air. Possible mechanisms are suggested to explain this behavior

Effective atomic numbers of some polymers and other materials for photoelectric process at 59.54 keV

Effective atomic numbers (Zeff) of three polymers, an alloy, a compound and an element have been determined for photoelectric process at 59.54 keV from the accurately measured total attenuation coefficients, for γ ray attenuation. Possible conclusions are drawn on electron binding effects and K-edge effects. © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Incoherent scattering of 59.54 keV gamma rays for some rare earth elements at low photon momentum transfers

Incoherent scattering functions S(x, Z) for six rare earth elements were evaluated from accurately measured whole atom differential incoherent scattering cross sections for 59.54 keV γ-rays scattered at 30°, 45°, 60° and 90° scattering angles corresponding to 1.24, 1.84, 2.40 and 3.39 Å -1 photon momentum transfers. Our results for S(x, Z) are the first for these rare earth elements. © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Instructional Leadership Practices: Teachers Perceptions of a Rural School Principal in Fiji

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which teachers perceive their principal to be effectively exhibiting an instructional leadership role. Data for the study were collected from teachers (N=24) in a rural secondary school in Fiji using the Principal Instructional Management Rating Scale (PIMRS) developed and advocated by Hallinger (1990). In addition to Likert scale items, the questionnaire included open-ended questions to gain deeper insights into teachers’ ratings of each item. Analyses of the data revealed that ratings for the principal were the highest for communicating school goals to students and protecting instructional time while supervision and evaluation of instruction were the lowest-rated items. The lack of professional preparation for an instructional leadership role and the dual role of the rural principal as school leader and teacher, which appears to compromise both roles, may together explain the scant attention paid to the instructional leadership role. These findings have implications for principals’ workload and in turn instructional leadership practices, which the Fiji Ministry of Education could re-visit to avoid compromising either the leadership or teaching role

MESUAFERRIN A-BIOACTIVE FLAVONOID ISOLATED FROM THE BARK OF MESUA FERREA L. AGAINST PHOSPHOLIPASE A2, CYCLOOXYGENASE AND LIPOXYGENASE: AN IN VITRO, IN VIVO AND IN SILICO APPROACH

Objective: The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of isolated bioactive flavonoid Mesuaferrin-A from the bark of Mesuaferrea L. by in vitro, in vivo and in silico approach.Methods: To evaluate the effect of isolated bioactive flavonoid Mesuaferrin-A on arachidonic acid metabolizing enzymes (PLA2, COX-2 and 5-LOX) using in vitro methods, followed by carrageenan-induced paw edema model by in vivo and to determine the binding orientation and interactions of Mesuaferrin-A onarachidonic acid metabolizing enzymes (PLA2, COX-2 and 5-LOX) crystal proteins using molecular docking (in silico) studies.Results: Mesuaferrin-A exhibited a dose-dependent significant 5-LOX inhibitory and considerable COX-2 inhibitory activity by in vitro, The inhibitory activities of 5-LOX and COX-2 at 100µg/ml were found to be 78.67%, 81.03% with IC50 values of 45.22µg/ml and 35.74µg/ml respectively. Whereas Mesuaferrin-A showed less PLA2 inhibitory activity. Mesuaferrin-A showed 68.34% inhibitory activity at 400 mg/kg body weight at the late phase of carrageenan-induced paw edema, and In silico studies demonstrated that Mesuaferrin-A strongly binds with 5-LOX and COX-2, these strong binding affinity of Mesuaferrin-A on active site amino acids of 5-LOX and COX-2 may be responsible for inhibition of enzyme activity. Mesuaferrin-A showeda comparable 5-LOX and COX-2 inhibition activity with (positive control).Conclusion: It was concluded that Mesuaferrin-A act as 5-LOX and COX dual inhibitor, from the results it was suggests that Mesuaferrin-A, may be an effective preventive and therapeutic approach for patients with inflammatory-related diseases

Agent Based Security for Cloud Computing using Obfuscation

AbstractCloud computing is a class of the next generation highly scalable and distributed computing platform in which computing resources are offered ‘as a service’ leveraging virtualization and Internet technologies. Cloud computing does not clearly define boundaries to protect the user data. The data, communications, services and other important resource are controlled by the cloud service provider. The alarming situation is the probable leakage of sensitive data by service provider. To protect the data from service provider, In this paper we propose an agent based model that would secure the users data over the cloud and implemented various algorithms to provide a secured system