Constraints and penalties employed in fitting algorithm used to obtain chromophore concentrations and scattering parameters.

<p>¹Rigid constraints are restrictions on the fit such that if the value being constrained is out of range, those fit parameters are rejected by the algorithm. The fit algorithm will go back to the previous set of fit parameters and will continue the search for a minimum in another direction</p><p>²Penalties are constraints where if the value being constrained is out of range, a fixed penalty value is added to the <i>X</i>² value for each instance where the fit value is out of range to artificially indicate that the fit is not good</p><p>Constraints and penalties employed in fitting algorithm used to obtain chromophore concentrations and scattering parameters.</p

Results of Pearson correlation analysis of OS parameters with age, BMI and each other among pre- and post-menopausal women.

<p>BMI; Body Mass Index</p><p>THC; Total haemoglobin content</p><p>S_tO²; oxygen tissue saturation</p><p>Results of Pearson correlation analysis of OS parameters with age, BMI and each other among pre- and post-menopausal women.</p

Unadjusted, adjusted (for age and BMI) and final regression coefficients (β) and SEs for breast tissue optical properties with dense area (square root transformation) for 95 pre-and 107 post-menopausal women.

<p>* Adjusted for age (years) and BMI (kgm^-2)</p><p>Unadjusted, adjusted (for age and BMI) and final regression coefficients (β) and SEs for breast tissue optical properties with dense area (square root transformation) for 95 pre-and 107 post-menopausal women.</p

Unadjusted, adjusted (for age and BMI) and final regression coefficients (β) and standard errors (SEs) for breast tissue optical properties with percent density (square root transformation) for 95 pre- and 107 post-menopausal women.

<p>* Adjusted for age (years) and BMI (kgm^-2)</p><p>Unadjusted, adjusted (for age and BMI) and final regression coefficients (β) and standard errors (SEs) for breast tissue optical properties with percent density (square root transformation) for 95 pre- and 107 post-menopausal women.</p

Scatterplot showing the final association of OS chromophore measures [lipid%(red square), water%(blue circle), S_tO₂%(green star)] with PD (square root transformed) in pre (top) and post-menopausal women (bottom) adjusted for BMI.

<p>Scatterplot showing the final association of OS chromophore measures [lipid%(red square), water%(blue circle), S_tO₂%(green star)] with PD (square root transformed) in pre (top) and post-menopausal women (bottom) adjusted for BMI.</p

Associations between 87 SNPs in vitamin D-related genes and pancreas cancer risk among Ontario cases (n = 628) and controls (n = 1193) and age and sex adjusted OR using a log additive model

a<p>MAF and HWE were calculated among controls only</p>b<p>Five SNPs (rs11023374, rs1989969, rs2238136, rs2238135, rs2853564) showed significant departure from HWE and were excluded from subsequent analyses</p>c<p>Odds ratios were estimated using logistic regression adjusted for age and sex and assuming a log additive model for each SNP.</p>d<p>Adjusted for multiple comparisons using the False Discovery Rate (FDR).</p

Distribution of pancreatic cancer cases, controls and odds ratios for selected subject characteristics.

<p>Distribution of pancreatic cancer cases, controls and odds ratios for selected subject characteristics.</p

List of vitamin D pathway genes, official gene symbols and number of polymorphisms genotyped.

<p>List of vitamin D pathway genes, official gene symbols and number of polymorphisms genotyped.</p

Age and sex adjusted odds ratios for the associations between SNPs in vitamin D-related genes and pancreas cancer risk among Ontario cases (n = 628) and controls (n = 1193) by genotype categories; results are shown for all SNPs with 95% confidence intervals that do not overlap 1.0.

a<p>rs6013905 is in high linkage disequilibrium with rs4809958 (r² = 0.94).</p>b<p>rs2060793 is in complete linkage disequilibrium with SNP rs2060793 (r² = 1.00); both SNPs were genotyped in our study and results were the same.</p

List of participating studies and number of Caucasian subjects included in at least one GxE analysis.

<p>List of participating studies and number of Caucasian subjects included in at least one GxE analysis.</p