Processing Tomato Production in the Burdekin: Opportunities and Risks for Growers

The research undertaken here was in response to a decision by a major food producer in about 2009 to consider establishing processing tomato production in northern Australia. This was in response to a lack of water availability in the Goulburn Valley region following the extensive drought that continued until 2011. The high price of water and the uncertainty that went with it was important in making the decision to look at sites within Queensland. This presented an opportunity to develop a tomato production model for the varieties used in the processing industry and to use this as a case study along with rice and cotton production. Following some unsuccessful early trials and difficulties associated with the Global Financial Crisis, large scale studies by the food producer were abandoned. This report uses the data that was collected prior to this decision and contrasts the use of crop modelling with simpler climatic analyses that can be undertaken to investigate the impact of climate change on production systems. Crop modelling can make a significant contribution to our understanding of the impacts of climate variability and climate change because it harnesses the detailed understanding of physiology of the crop in a way that statistical or other analytical approaches cannot do. There is a high overhead, but given that trials are being conducted for a wide range of crops for a variety of purposes, breeding, fertiliser trials etc., it would appear to be profitable to link researchers with modelling expertise with those undertaking field trials. There are few more cost-effective approaches than modelling that can provide a pathway to understanding future climates and their impact on food production

How can protected cropping ensure an export supply of high quality melons in the tropics?

Queensland production of melons (Cucumis melo L.), typically rockmelon and honeydew fruits, is seasonal and practiced entirely outdoors

Leafminer pest-generic incursion management plan for the Australian vegetable industry

The currently exotic leafminers species Liriomyza trifolii, L. sativae, L. huidobrensis, L. bryoniae, and Chromatomyia horticola are insects known to damage many vegetable species overseas and can cause economic damage to the vegetable industry if they enter and establish in Australia without any pest response plan in place. The purpose of this pest-generic incursion management plan for the vegetable industry is to provide background information on the biology; potential geographic distribution of the pest; likely damage caused to the industry; diagnostic tools; available control measures; sampling methods for use in survey procedures; and key experts to contact, to assist with the preparedness for an incursion of these leafminers into Australia. The report follows guidelines for the steps to be undertaken and considered when developing a Response Plan for this pest group. Any Response Plan developed using information in whole or in part from this Contingency Plan must follow procedures as set out in PLANTPLAN and be endorsed by the National Management Group prior to implementation

Vegetable soil health systems for overcoming limitations causing soil borne diseases

The purpose of the report is to summarise progress in developing vegetable production systems with improved soil health that overcome soil limitations with the potential to suppress soil borne diseases. Management approaches to soil health improvement were regionally specific to overcome regional soil limitations in different production environments

Developing production guidelines for growing high-value specialty melons for domestic and export markets

Queensland production of melons (Cucumis melo L.), typically rockmelon and honeydew fruits, is seasonal and practiced entirely outdoors. The horticulture industry has limited knowledge about using protected cropping as a technology to mitigate the effects of climate variability in melon crops. Some new specialty melon types now available in Australia require favourable environmental conditions and specific growing practices in order to obtain fruits with good visual and eating quality. Adoption of protected cropping could be a forthcoming technology to add diversity in fruit appearance, flavour and aroma, and guarantee consistent high quality of melons in domestic markets and potential export markets in Asia and NZ. This Agri-Science Queensland Innovation Opportunity project supported primary crop evaluations that contributed to critical information for the development of guidelines to produce specialty melons with protective cropping systems in the tropics. Three melon crops grown between September 2017 and June 2018 tested 21 cultivars of fruit types new to Australia. The management of crops followed specific agronomic practices for soilless production and plant canopy management. Crop performance and visual and eating quality were assessed and a range of desired attributes were identified for rind colour and net patterns, flesh colour, texture and shelf life. There were examples of cultivars with remarkable sweet flesh (total soluble solids up to 16 °Bx) in large fruits. A group of promising cultivars had total marketable yields that ranged from 5.5 to10 kg/m2 with fruit weights that ranged from 0.9 to 2.0 kg/fruit, and where total soluble solids ranged from 12 to 16 °Bx. The outcome of this work prompted a small group of industry stakeholders to consider the development of a melon export program. A subsequent granted project under the Growing Queensland's Food Exports pilot program aims to initially send high quality fruit samples to Asian markets. The Department of Agriculture and Fisheries is providing support with research and development on melon agronomy practices

Gap analysis and economic assessment for protected cropping vegetables in tropical Australia

The project VG16024 aims to increase awareness and information about protected cropping opportunities and technology options for the vegetable industry in the tropics through the identification of gaps in information and potential economic viabilities. Protected cropping of vegetables in Australia (estimated at 1,341 ha) is by large located in temperate climate regions and in proximity to urban areas. In warm climate regions, near and north of the Tropic of Capricorn, the segment of the industry dedicated to producing vegetables using protected cropping technologies is scattered and relatively small (estimated at <80 ha). Vegetable growers in these regions would benefit from technologies that can mitigate risks linked to climate variability and that can help them address current and future market challenges and opportunities. Evidence from overseas, including in tropical regions, and demonstration plots and farmer experiences in the Australian tropics indicate that protective cropping technologies can cost-effectively mitigate the effects of extremes in air temperatures, rainfall, low and high relative humidity, wind, solar radiation, and pests and diseases, all which currently negatively affect yield, quality and consistency of supply. In this report, four regions, two within the tropics (Burdekin dry tropics and Atherton Tablelands) and two located a short distance south of the Tropic of Capricorn (Bundaberg and Carnarvon), are selected as examples of regions where the protected cropping industry is either small or emerging, and has the potential to expand. Vegetable production in these regions is predominantly undertaken outdoors. The establishment of protected cropping enterprises would contribute to an increase in regional production that could service both domestic and export markets. This would be facilitated by the regions’ proximity to road infrastructure, ports and airports but access to some of these market opportunities still need to be developed. In the tropics the availability of medium level, cost-effective protected cropping structures that are effective in removing heat from crops is paramount. In this report, four greenhouse structure designs (high tunnels, passively ventilated greenhouses, retractable roof structures, and net houses) are discussed, and advantages and drawbacks compared. Capsicum, cucumbers, melons, and eggplants are given as examples of vegetable crops suited to warm climates and which can benefit from a protected environment and specific agronomy practices. Possible marketable yields are provided for these crops as well as estimates of production value for a range of size of areas that could potentially establish protected cropping systems. A preliminary economic analysis was carried out for hypothetical production of capsicum crops in different protected cropping scenarios in the tropics. Under the protective structures, management practices, market prices and capsicum yields used in the analysis, preliminary results suggest that protected cropping could be a viable business opportunity for growers in the tropics. Future research investigating the heterogeneity of protected cropping enterprises would serve to further confirm these findings, especially in light of the practical implications of the technology used in a larger number of commercial sites

Gap analysis and economic assessment for protected cropping vegetables in tropical Australia

The project VG16024 aims to increase awareness and information about protected cropping opportunities and technology options for the vegetable industry in the tropics through the identification of gaps in information and potential economic viabilities. Protected cropping of vegetables in Australia (estimated at 1,341 ha) is by large located in temperate climate regions and in proximity to urban areas. In warm climate regions, near and north of the Tropic of Capricorn, the segment of the industry dedicated to producing vegetables using protected cropping technologies is scattered and relatively small (estimated at <80 ha). Vegetable growers in these regions would benefit from technologies that can mitigate risks linked to climate variability and that can help them address current and future market challenges and opportunities. Evidence from overseas, including in tropical regions, and demonstration plots and farmer experiences in the Australian tropics indicate that protective cropping technologies can cost-effectively mitigate the effects of extremes in air temperatures, rainfall, low and high relative humidity, wind, solar radiation, and pests and diseases, all which currently negatively affect yield, quality and consistency of supply. In this report, four regions, two within the tropics (Burdekin dry tropics and Atherton Tablelands) and two located a short distance south of the Tropic of Capricorn (Bundaberg and Carnarvon), are selected as examples of regions where the protected cropping industry is either small or emerging, and has the potential to expand. Vegetable production in these regions is predominantly undertaken outdoors. The establishment of protected cropping enterprises would contribute to an increase in regional production that could service both domestic and export markets. This would be facilitated by the regions’ proximity to road infrastructure, ports and airports but access to some of these market opportunities still need to be developed. In the tropics the availability of medium level, cost-effective protected cropping structures that are effective in removing heat from crops is paramount. In this report, four greenhouse structure designs (high tunnels, passively ventilated greenhouses, retractable roof structures, and net houses) are discussed, and advantages and drawbacks compared. Capsicum, cucumbers, melons, and eggplants are given as examples of vegetable crops suited to warm climates and which can benefit from a protected environment and specific agronomy practices. Possible marketable yields are provided for these crops as well as estimates of production value for a range of size of areas that could potentially establish protected cropping systems. A preliminary economic analysis was carried out for hypothetical production of capsicum crops in different protected cropping scenarios in the tropics. Under the protective structures, management practices, market prices and capsicum yields used in the analysis, preliminary results suggest that protected cropping could be a viable business opportunity for growers in the tropics. Future research investigating the heterogeneity of protected cropping enterprises would serve to further confirm these findings, especially in light of the practical implications of the technology used in a larger number of commercial sites

Benefits and Challenges for Expanding Protected Cropping in the Australian Tropics

Protected cropping of vegetables in Australia is largely located in temperate climate regions, however there are opportunities for growers in the Northern tropics to benefit from technologies that mitigate risks associated with climate variability and assist accessing domestic and export markets. Evidence from overseas and research by the Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries (DAF) suggests that, for some high value commodities, protective cropping technologies are a costeffective way for growers to mitigate the effects of extreme temperature, rainfall, changes in humidity, wind, solar radiation and pest and disease pressures which can negatively impact yield, quality and consistency of supply. Research for development of suitable protected cropping systems for growers in northern Australia has been focusing in awareness, proof of concepts, advice and information sharing. Discussions with industry stakeholders, on-farm demonstrations and trials, and industry study tours have been critical for the identification of cost-effective structure designs and agronomy practices. There are many aspects of these farming systems that still need to be advanced for warm climatic regions. To enable adoption, research will need to consider economic and environmental aspects within the context of resource diversity and availability and markets to be targeted. A new project aims to map potential pathways that will support adoption of protected cropping in the Australian tropics