Using Intervention Mapping Approach to Finding Socio-Cognitive Determinants of Diabetes Preventive Behaviors

Introduction: Diabetes is the most common chronic disease with complications. The objective of this study was to determine socio-cognitive determinants of diabetes preventive behaviors among sample of at risk group based on intervention mapping approach (IM) in Kermanshah, the west of Iran.Methods: In this cross-sectional study which conducted among a total of 200 male and female aged 30 years old and more, who referred to health centers, during 2018 that randomly selected to participate voluntarily. Participants filled out a self-report questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 16 using bivariate correlations and linear regression at 95% significant level.Results: The mean age of respondents was 38.4 years [95% CI: 37.3, 39.4], ranged from 30 to 56 years. Socio-cognitive determinants were accounted for 40% of the variation in diabetes prevention behaviors F= 35.559, P< 0.001. As well as, perceived self-efficacy, perceived severity, and perceived barrier were the most influential predictors on diabetes preventive behaviors.Conclusions: Based on findings, it seems that planning health promotion programs to reduce barrier to perform diabetes preventive behaviors and increase confidence towards ability to perform preventive behaviors, and seriousness about sides effect of diabetes may be usefulness of the results in order to promotion of diabetes preventive behaviors among at risk group

Epidemiology of Maternal and Fetal`s Burn in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Burn is one of the public health problems, especially in low-income and middle-income countries, and this problem is far more important for pregnant women and their fetus. There was no a systematic study to comprehensively review the epidemiology of Maternal and Fetal`s Burn inIran, this study was conducted for this purpose. Materials and Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis study, all related studies (Published in 2017 and earlier) extracted by two independent groups from national and international databases (Magiran, SID, Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, etc.). Meta-analysis has been applied to obtain the overall outcomes of maternal and fetal mortality in pregnant women in Iran. Forest plot, τ2, and I2 tests are applied to evaluate heterogeneity, significance and its percentage, respectively. The analysis of meta-regression is applied because of the existence of heterogeneity. Publication bias is investigated by Funnel plot and Egger test. Results: The range of maternal and fetal mortality was 29.2% to 66.67% and 38.5% to 72.8%, respectively. Also, 48.4% and 54.2% were the overall outcome of maternal and fetal mortality based on meta-analysis, respectively. The highest maternal mortality is reported for pregnant women with Total Body Surface Area (TBSA) over 50%, intentional burns, and acute respiratory failures. Finally, reduction of maternal mortality had a statistically significant relationship with passing time based on the univariate analysis. Conclusion:It can be inferred from our results that some hazards of burn in pregnant women are average age of 22-27 years, living in rural areas, low levels of socio-economic, low education level and being housewife. Also, according to meta-analysis results, about half of mothers and fetuses died in pregnant women as a result of burns in Iran

Cognitive Predictors of Cousin Marriage Among Couples Visiting Counseling Centers in Kohgiluyeh-Boyer Ahmad Province

Background and Objectives: Giving birth to a child with disabilities is two-three times more likely in consanguineous marriages. Due to the various negative consequences of such marriages, this study aimed to determine the cognitive predictors of consanguineous marriages. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, convenience sampling was applied to select 516 people who visited four different marriage counseling centers in Kohgiluyeh-Boyer Ahmad Province. A self-report questionnaire was administered to collect data. Bivariate correlations and logistic regression analysis were performed to analyze the data in SPSS-20. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 23.43 ± 3.96 years (range: 15-30 years). About 43.4% of the participants had married a relative. Regression analysis suggested subjective norms (OR = 1.304) and cultural factors (OR = 1.244) as the best predictors of cousin marriage. Conclusion: Considering the high rate of cousin marriage in the studied population, it is pre-marriage genetic counseling seems essential. Designing educational interventions on subjective norms and cultural factors related to cousin marriage may also be useful in reducing the rates of cousin marriages

Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy a clinical trial to increase self-efficacy in abused the primary school children

Background: Child abuse and violence toward children has become a complex phenomenon in nowadays societies leaving hurt children with numerous complications such as lowered self-efficacy. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the effect of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) in physically abused children self-efficacy. Materials and Methods: This study was a randomized clinical trial. From this statistical population of all abused children aged 9–12 in Kermanshah in 2016–2017, 40 were divided into intervention and control groups randomly. Tools used in this study were Maurice self-efficacy questionnaire and child abuse questionnaire. Data analysis was done using Chi-square test, paired t-test, and independent t-test. Results: It was revealed that the mean difference between two groups was not meaningful before intervention. After TF-CBT in intervention group, self-efficacy mean scores of social (17.95 vs. 24.20) and emotional (15.05 vs. 19.05) domains showed meaningful differences, whereas academic self-efficacy mean score did not change significantly (14.10 vs. 14.65) (P 0.001). Conclusions: TF-CBT can be used as an appropriate therapy intervention to improve social and emotional self-efficacy in abused children

Comparison of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy and theory of mind: Improvement of posttraumatic growth and emotion regulation strategies

Background: Assessing various therapeutic methods with the intention to decrease the problems relevant to abused children is of high significance. Accordingly, the present study seeks to compare the effectiveness of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF.CBT) with an emphasis on the theory of mind on posttraumatic growth and emotional regulation strategies in abused children. Materials and Methods: This quasi-randomized clinical trial study was done on 39 abused children who referred to welfare organization centers in Ahvaz – Iran. After randomized allocation, the TF. CBT and theory of mind method were implemented for two groups. Before and after the interventions, posttraumatic growth and emotional regulation strategies were assessed with using Kilmer's posttraumatic growth inventory and Garnefski emotional regulation questionnaire. Results: The study findings indicated that the mean of the posttraumatic growth and adaptive and maladaptive emotional regulation strategies in the TF.CBT group was significantly higher than that of other study groups (P < 0.001). Conclusion: TF.CBT can lead to increased levels of posttraumatic growth and improve emotional regulation strategies in abused children. Theory of mind method can also be effective in improving emotional regulation strategies

The Investigation of Factors Related to Total Body Surface Area and Burn Degree in under 5-year-old Children of Kermanshah, Iran: Using Ordinal Regression

Objective: The prevalence of burn in children is more than other age groups. This study aimed to "investigate the factors associated with the burn degree and total body surface area (TBSA) in under five-year-old children of Kermanshah ".Methods: We studied under five-year-old children hospitalized in the burn center of Imam Khomeini hospital in Kermanshah from September 2014 until March 2016 for 18 months. Required Information extracted by trained staff based on existing data. Researcher-made checklist was used to obtain information. The ordinal regression has been applied to evaluate factors related to TBSA and burn degree in children. Result: In general, 262 children were input of the study so that 226 cases (86.3%) were in under two-year-old group. The majority of cases were boys by 66.8% (175 cases). Hot liquid was the most reported cause of burns by 68.7% of all cases. Most of the burn incidents (43.1%) with high burn degree occurred at 7 am to 2 pm. Girls were exposed to higher burn degrees more than boys. Factors such as being boy (OR=2.83), less than 2 years old age (OR=4.91) significantly increased TBSA. Also, living in rural (OR=5.17) and delay of treatment (OR=41.35) significantly increased burn degree. Conclusion: To reduce the incidence and complications of burns in children, interventions should be considered to change the environmental and individual factors

The Emerging Role of Exosomal miRNAs as Biomarkers for Early Cancer Detection: A Comprehensive Literature Review

A significant number of cancer-related deaths are recorded globally each year, despite attempts to cure this illness. Medical science is working to develop new medication therapies as well as to find ways to identify this illness as early as possible, even using noninvasive techniques. Early detection of cancer can greatly aid its treatment. Studies into cancer diagnosis and therapy have recently shifted their focus to exosome (EXO) biomarkers, which comprise numerous RNA and proteins. EXOs are minuscule goblet vesicles that have a width of 30 to 140 nm and are released by a variety of cells, including immune, stem, and tumor cells, as well as bodily fluids. According to a growing body of research, EXOs, and cancer appear to be related. EXOs from tumors play a role in the genetic information transfer between tumor and basal cells, which controls angiogenesis and fosters tumor development and spread. To identify malignant activities early on, microRNAs (miRNAs) from cancers can be extracted from circulatory system EXOs. Specific markers can be used to identify cancer-derived EXOs containing miRNAs, which may be more reliable and precise for early detection. Conventional solid biopsy has become increasingly limited as precision and personalized medicine has advanced, while liquid biopsy offers a viable platform for noninvasive diagnosis and prognosis. Therefore, the use of body fluids such as serum, plasma, urine, and salivary secretions can help find cancer biomarkers using technologies related to EXOs