21 research outputs found
Kontinuirana rehabilitacija u starijih bolesnika s moždanim udarom za prevenciju psihiÄke nemoÄi i poremeÄaja pamÄenja
Increasing attention has been paid to the problem of dementia in neurology, in its scientific, clinical and practical aspects. New diagnostic technology, and perspectives of prevention and treatment have transferred medical interest from the phenomenological, predominantly psychiatric view to the etiologic, organic aspect which is by nature closer to neurology. The aim of the study was to evaluate the contribution of continuous physical and mental rehabilitation of elderly patients with ischemic stroke resulting in motor deficiency, in the prevention of dementia syndrome. The patients were divided into two groups: group A consisting of patients treated during the period from October 1, 1991 till April 30, 1992, who could not receive continuous physical and mental rehabilitation due to the war; and group B including patients treated at the beginning of 1991, who underwent continuous physical and mental rehabilitation. The patients from both groups belonged to urban or suburban population, and were matched according to age, sex, education, and diagnosis. Neuropsychological studies for some specific cognitive abilities indicated significantly better preservation of visuomotor abilites, visual memory and short-term memory in the group included in the rehabilitation process. Likewise, these patients showed considerably better emotional stability, while the patients who did not undergo rehabilitation showed symptoms of anxiety and depressive disorder. The second part of the study referred to evaluation of the success of rehabilitation in the treatment of motor deficiency. The percentage of mobile patients in group B (53.8%) was considerably higher than in group A (21.4%).Sve se veÄa pozornost u neurologiji posveÄuje problemu demencije, i to u znanstvenom, kliniÄkom i praktiÄnom aspektu. Nova dijagnostiÄka tehnologija, te izgledi za uspjeÅ”nu prevenciju i lijeÄenje prenijeli su zanimanje medicine s fenomenoloÅ”kog, poglavito psihijatrijskog stajaliÅ”ta na etioloÅ”ki, organski aspekt koji je po svojoj naravi bliži neurologiji. Cilj ovoga ispitivanja bio je procijeniti doprinos kontinuirane fizikalne i psihiÄke rehabilitacije starijih bolesnika s ishemijskim moždanim infarktom s posljediÄnom motornom deficijencijom, u prevenciji sindroma demencije. Bolesnici su podijeljeni u dvije skupine: skupinuA, koji su bolesnici lijeÄeni u razdoblju od 1. listopada 1991. do 30. travnja 1992. godine i zbog ratnih okolnosti nisu proÅ”li program kontinuirane fizikalne i psihiÄke rehabilitacije, te skupinu B, koji su bolesnici lijeÄeni poÄetkom 1991. godine i koji su proÅ”li program rehabilitacije. Bolesnici obiju skupina pripadali su gradskoj i prigradskoj populaciji i bili su podjednaki podobi, spolu, stupnju obrazovanja i dijagnozi. NeuropsiholoÅ”ko ispitivanje s naglaskom na specifiÄnim kognitivnim sposobnostima pokazalo je znaÄajno bolje oÄuvane vizualno motorne sposobnosti, vizualno pamÄenje i kratkotrajno pamÄenje u skupini bolesnika koji su bili ukljuÄeni u rehabilitacijski program. Isto tako, ovi su bolesnici pokazali znatno bolju emocionalnu stabilnost, dok su bolesnici koji nisu proÅ”li program rehabilitacije pokazivali simptome anksioznosti i depresivnog poremeÄaja. U drugom dijelu ispitivanja provedena je procjena uspjeha rehabilitacije u lijeÄenju motorne deficijencije. Postotak pokretnih bolesnika bio je znatno viÅ”i u bolesnika iz skupine B (53,8%) nego u onih iz skupine A (21,4%)
Endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke
Brza i djelotvorna revaskularizacija glavni je cilj lijeÄenja akutnog ishemijskog moždanog udara jer pacijenti gube približno 2 milijuna neurona po minuti u ishemiÄnom podruÄju. Do nedavno, intravenska primjena rekombinantnog tkivnog aktivatora plazminogena (rtPA) bila je jedina odobrena terapijska opcija. Nedavno objavljena istraživanja konaÄno su dokazala korist endovaskularnog pristupa, mijenjajuÄi u potpunosti lijeÄenje akutnog ishemijskog moždanog udara. MehaniÄka trombektomija stent retrieverom preporuÄuje se kao standard lijeÄenja akutnih ishemijskih moždanika s okluzijom unutarnje karotidne arterije, srednje cerebralne arterije, prednje cerebralne arterije, bazilarne arterije i vertebralne arterije. Okluzija velike krvne žile uzrokuje 35-40% svih akutnih ishemijskih udara, a taj tip okluzije posebno slabo reagira na IV rtPA. Ovaj minimalno invazivni zahvat koristi mali ureÄaj nazvan stent retriever kako bi uklonio ugruÅ”ak i rekanalizirao žilu. Pacijenti koji su podvrgnuti mehaniÄkoj trombektomiji mogu se tretirati s IV rtPA prije postupka, ali to nije uvijet za terapijsku postupak. Bolji rezultati prikazani su kombiniranom terapijom IV rtPA i endovaskularnom terapijom.Rapid and effective revascularization is the mainstay of acute ischemic stroke treatment because patients lose approximately 2 million neurons per minute in the affected brain territory. Until recently, intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rtPA) was the only established therapeutic option. Recently published trials have finally proven the benefit of endovascular approach, changing completely the evaluation and treatment of patients. Mechanical thrombectomy with stent retrievers is now recommended as the standard of care for acute ischemic strokes with occlusions of internal carotid artery, middle cerebral artery, anterior cerebral artery, basilar artery and vertebral artery. Large vessel occlusion is the cause of 35-40% of all acute ischemic strokes and this type of occlusion in particular responds poorly to IV rtPA. This minimally invasive procedure uses a tiny device called a stent retriever to remove blood clots in the brain, restoring blood flow. Patients who undergo mechanical thrombectomy can be treated with IV rtPA before the procedure, but do not have to be. Better results are shown with combined IV rtPA and endovascular treatment therapy
Endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke
Brza i djelotvorna revaskularizacija glavni je cilj lijeÄenja akutnog ishemijskog moždanog udara jer pacijenti gube približno 2 milijuna neurona po minuti u ishemiÄnom podruÄju. Do nedavno, intravenska primjena rekombinantnog tkivnog aktivatora plazminogena (rtPA) bila je jedina odobrena terapijska opcija. Nedavno objavljena istraživanja konaÄno su dokazala korist endovaskularnog pristupa, mijenjajuÄi u potpunosti lijeÄenje akutnog ishemijskog moždanog udara. MehaniÄka trombektomija stent retrieverom preporuÄuje se kao standard lijeÄenja akutnih ishemijskih moždanika s okluzijom unutarnje karotidne arterije, srednje cerebralne arterije, prednje cerebralne arterije, bazilarne arterije i vertebralne arterije. Okluzija velike krvne žile uzrokuje 35-40% svih akutnih ishemijskih udara, a taj tip okluzije posebno slabo reagira na IV rtPA. Ovaj minimalno invazivni zahvat koristi mali ureÄaj nazvan stent retriever kako bi uklonio ugruÅ”ak i rekanalizirao žilu. Pacijenti koji su podvrgnuti mehaniÄkoj trombektomiji mogu se tretirati s IV rtPA prije postupka, ali to nije uvijet za terapijsku postupak. Bolji rezultati prikazani su kombiniranom terapijom IV rtPA i endovaskularnom terapijom.Rapid and effective revascularization is the mainstay of acute ischemic stroke treatment because patients lose approximately 2 million neurons per minute in the affected brain territory. Until recently, intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rtPA) was the only established therapeutic option. Recently published trials have finally proven the benefit of endovascular approach, changing completely the evaluation and treatment of patients. Mechanical thrombectomy with stent retrievers is now recommended as the standard of care for acute ischemic strokes with occlusions of internal carotid artery, middle cerebral artery, anterior cerebral artery, basilar artery and vertebral artery. Large vessel occlusion is the cause of 35-40% of all acute ischemic strokes and this type of occlusion in particular responds poorly to IV rtPA. This minimally invasive procedure uses a tiny device called a stent retriever to remove blood clots in the brain, restoring blood flow. Patients who undergo mechanical thrombectomy can be treated with IV rtPA before the procedure, but do not have to be. Better results are shown with combined IV rtPA and endovascular treatment therapy
Frankov znak kao Äimbenik rizika cerebrovaskularne bolesti
Frankās sign is a dermatological marker, which has in many studies correlated with coronary heart disease. The aim of the study carried out in a sample of 60 subjects was to define whether Frankās sign belongs to the group of risk factors for cerebrovascular disease. The subjects with the presence of Frankās sign were assigned to group A, and those without Frankās sign to group B. All study subjects underwent color Doppler examination of carotid arteries and determination of their common carotid artery intimal wall thickness (ACC IMT). The value exceeding 0.9 mm was considered as an ACC IMT increase. Statistical analysis by use of Pearsonās Ļ2-test yielded a value of 11.279 and p=0.001. Assessment of the Frankās sign value in predicting increased ACC IMT showed a sensitivity of 73%, specificity of 70%, positive predictive value of 71% and negative predictive value of 72%. The study indicated a statistically significant correlation between Frankās sign and increased ACC IMT, supporting the hypothesis according to which this marker is an uncontrollable risk factor for cerebrovascular disease.Frankov znak je dermatoloÅ”ki biljeg koji je u brojnim studijama povezan s koronarnom boleÅ”Äu srca. Cilj istraživanja provedenog na uzorku od 60 ispitanika bio je utvrditi pripada li Frankov znak Äimbenicima rizika cerebrovaskularne bolesti. U skupinu A svrstani su ispitanici s prisutnim, a u skupinu B ispitanici s odsutnim Frankovim znakom te je svima napravljen obojeni Doppler karotidnih arterija i odreÄena debljina intimalne stijenke (IMT) na zajedniÄkoj karotidnoj arteriji (ACC). Kao poveÄanje ACC IMT uzeta je vrijednost iznad 0,9 mm. StatistiÄkom analizom Pearsonovim Ļ2-testom dobivena je vrijednost od 11,279 i p=0,001. Procjenom vrijednosti Frankovog znaka u predviÄanju poveÄanja ACC IMT utvrÄena je osjetljivost od 73%, specifiÄnost od 70%, pozitivna prediktivna vrijednost od 71% i negativna prediktivna vrijednost od 72%. Istraživanje je pokazalo statistiÄki znaÄajnu povezanost Frankovog znaka i poveÄanja ACC IMT, Å”to podupire hipotezu prema kojoj je ovaj znak Äimbenik rizika cerebrovaskularne bolesti na koji se ne može utjecati
Minimalno invazivne metode u lije^enju raka dojke: pregled protokola
One can find an increasing number of articles with minimally invasive methods in current literature concerning local treatment of breast cancer. The methods can be divided in two groups: percutaneous excision methods and thermal ablation methods. Thermal ablation methods are based on the premise that malignant tissue is more sensitive to hyperthermia than normal cells.
We are comparing advantages and disadvantages of current minimally invasive methods for treatment of early stage breast cancers, showing differences and advantages over breast-conserving surgery. Available published studies and protocols are overviewed.
Most of the published works emphasize advantages over classic breast surgery such as: lower costs, less trauma for patients and smaller invasiveness. All methods involving thermal procedures require surgical excision afterwards for evaluation of necrosis and patohistological evaluation of the lesion.
The effect of these treatment methods should be safety, painlessness, good cosmetic results and lower treatment costs. If results of such methods are to be comparable to BCS, we can expect their integration in clinical practice.U suvremenom pristupu lokalnog lijeÄenja tumora dojke sve viÅ”e prostora u struÄnim publikacijama zauzimaju izvjeÅ”Äa o primjeni tzv. minimalno invazivnih metoda, meÄu kojima su dvije osnovne skupine: perkutane ekscizijske metode i termalne ablacijske metode. Temelj termalnih ablacijskih postupaka u lijeÄenju tumora dojke leži u Äinjenici da tumori pokazuju veÄu senzitivnost na hipertermiÄka oÅ”teÄenja od normalnih stanica.
U radu se nastoje komparacijom prednosti i nedostataka ovih suvremenih minimalno invazivnih metoda u lijeÄenju tumora dojke nižih stadija, utvrditi razlika i eventualna prednost tih postupaka prema poÅ”tednim kirurÅ”kim zahvatima . Pregledani su dostupni publicirani protokoli i iskustva u provoÄenju perkutanih bioptiÄkih metoda i nekih termalnih ablacijskih metoda u minimalno invazivnoj kirurgiji dojke.
U veÄini pregledanih publikacija i protokola, naglaÅ”ena je prednost opisanih metoda nad klasiÄnom kirurgijom dojke, koja je izražena u nižim troÅ”kovima, smanjenju psihiÄkih trauma lijeÄenih bolesnica i niskom razinom invazivnosti. U gotovo svim pregledanim protokolima koji se odnose na tzv. termalne metode uoÄena je potreba za naknadnom kirurÅ”kom ekscizijom radi procjene stupnja nekroze i patohistoloÅ”ke provjere lezije.
UspjeÅ”nost lijeÄenja tumora dojke ovim metodama bi se trebala temeljiti na sigurnosti, bezbolnosti, dobrim kozmetiÄkim rezultatima i nižim troÅ”kovima lijeÄenja. Ove bi metode mogle doživjeti punu primjenu u kliniÄkoj praksi ako se njima postigne rezultat ekvivalentan onome koji se postiže sa poÅ”tednim kirurÅ”kim zahvatima (BCS)
Minimalno invazivne metode u lije^enju raka dojke: pregled protokola
One can find an increasing number of articles with minimally invasive methods in current literature concerning local treatment of breast cancer. The methods can be divided in two groups: percutaneous excision methods and thermal ablation methods. Thermal ablation methods are based on the premise that malignant tissue is more sensitive to hyperthermia than normal cells.
We are comparing advantages and disadvantages of current minimally invasive methods for treatment of early stage breast cancers, showing differences and advantages over breast-conserving surgery. Available published studies and protocols are overviewed.
Most of the published works emphasize advantages over classic breast surgery such as: lower costs, less trauma for patients and smaller invasiveness. All methods involving thermal procedures require surgical excision afterwards for evaluation of necrosis and patohistological evaluation of the lesion.
The effect of these treatment methods should be safety, painlessness, good cosmetic results and lower treatment costs. If results of such methods are to be comparable to BCS, we can expect their integration in clinical practice.U suvremenom pristupu lokalnog lijeÄenja tumora dojke sve viÅ”e prostora u struÄnim publikacijama zauzimaju izvjeÅ”Äa o primjeni tzv. minimalno invazivnih metoda, meÄu kojima su dvije osnovne skupine: perkutane ekscizijske metode i termalne ablacijske metode. Temelj termalnih ablacijskih postupaka u lijeÄenju tumora dojke leži u Äinjenici da tumori pokazuju veÄu senzitivnost na hipertermiÄka oÅ”teÄenja od normalnih stanica.
U radu se nastoje komparacijom prednosti i nedostataka ovih suvremenih minimalno invazivnih metoda u lijeÄenju tumora dojke nižih stadija, utvrditi razlika i eventualna prednost tih postupaka prema poÅ”tednim kirurÅ”kim zahvatima . Pregledani su dostupni publicirani protokoli i iskustva u provoÄenju perkutanih bioptiÄkih metoda i nekih termalnih ablacijskih metoda u minimalno invazivnoj kirurgiji dojke.
U veÄini pregledanih publikacija i protokola, naglaÅ”ena je prednost opisanih metoda nad klasiÄnom kirurgijom dojke, koja je izražena u nižim troÅ”kovima, smanjenju psihiÄkih trauma lijeÄenih bolesnica i niskom razinom invazivnosti. U gotovo svim pregledanim protokolima koji se odnose na tzv. termalne metode uoÄena je potreba za naknadnom kirurÅ”kom ekscizijom radi procjene stupnja nekroze i patohistoloÅ”ke provjere lezije.
UspjeÅ”nost lijeÄenja tumora dojke ovim metodama bi se trebala temeljiti na sigurnosti, bezbolnosti, dobrim kozmetiÄkim rezultatima i nižim troÅ”kovima lijeÄenja. Ove bi metode mogle doživjeti punu primjenu u kliniÄkoj praksi ako se njima postigne rezultat ekvivalentan onome koji se postiže sa poÅ”tednim kirurÅ”kim zahvatima (BCS)
NIJEMI AKUTNI INFARKT MIOKARDA KOD BOLESNIKA SA Å EÄERNOM BOLESTI U IZVANBOLNIÄKOJ HITNOJ MEDICINI
Aim of the Study: Silent acute myocardial infarction occurs commonly in diabetic patients. Currently, it is not fully understood whether altered perception of ischemia also predisposes atypical presentations, and therefore leads to under-diagnosing the acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in diabetic patients. In this study, we tried to determine whether chest pain in AMI occurred less frequently in diabetic patients. Methods: In this retrospective study, we included patients admitted from April 2014 to November 2019. Data were collected using eHitna and BIS as the nation-wide programs for patient tracking and registry in Croatia. All patients included in the study had initially called Department of Emergency Medicine of Brod-Posavina County, which then resulted in an intervention. Patients were then transferred to Dr Josip BenÄeviÄ General Hospital, where they were hospitalized. All patients had discharge letters with the diagnosis speciļ¬ ed by ICD-10 classiļ¬ cation as I21 spectrum (I21.0, I21.1, I21.2, I21.3, I21.4, I21.9), i.e. AMI. Results: In this study, we included 180 patients having suffered AMI who were hospitalized and treated. There were 35 (19%) diabetic patients (DP) and 145 (81%) non-diabetic patients (non-DP). Chest pain was absent in nine (26%) DP and 13 (9%) non-DP (p=0.007). There was no difference in sex distribution within the two groups, with 60% and 68% male patients in DP and non-DP, respectively (p=0.395). The mean patient age was signiļ¬ cantly different between the two groups, i.e. 69 years in DP and 64 years in non-DP (p=0.034). Discussion: AMI in diabetic patients could have altered clinical presentation, which has often been researched therefore. Some researchers have reported that atypical or silent presentations are more frequent in DP with AMI, whereas others found no differences when compared to non-DP. In our study, absence of chest pain as a characteristic of silent AMI was experienced by 17% more DP as compared to non-DP, suggesting that DM inļ¬ uences clinical presentation of AMI. It is important to emphasize the importance of such ļ¬ ndings in emergency medicine where patients often describe their various symptoms. The mean age of DP having suffered AMI was signiļ¬ cantly higher (even up to 5 years) in comparison to non-DP. Despite the fact that DM is a risk factor for developing AMI, this ļ¬ nding could be explained by the fact that DM is more common in elderly population. Conclusion: Chest pain occurs signiļ¬ cantly less frequently in DP that develop AMI than in non-DP. Therefore, DP have a higher probability of developing silent AMI.Cilj: Nijemi akutni infarkt miokarda (AIM) se pojavljuje ÄeÅ”Äe u bolesnika s dijabetesom. Predisponira li izmijenjena percepcija ishemije atipiÄnu prezentaciju te se zbog toga nedovoljno dijagnosticira AIM u bolesnika s dijabetesom, nije joÅ” dovoljno istraženo. U ovoj studiji pokuÅ”ali smo utvrditi pojavljuje li se bol u prsiÅ”tu kod AIM rjeÄe kod bolesnika s dijabetesom. Metode: U ovu retrospektivnu studiju ukljuÄili smo bolesnike primljene od travnja 2014. do studenoga 2019. godine. Koristili smo bazu podataka programa āe-hitnaā i āBISā te sakupljali i analizirali podatke o bolesnicima koji su zatražili intervenciju izvanbolniÄke hitne medicinske službe u naÅ”oj županiji, bili prevezeni u OpÄu bolnicu āDr. Josip BenÄeviÄā, hospitalizirani te im je kao otpusna dijagnoza postavljena prema klasiļ¬ kaciji MKB-10 bila u spektru dijagnoze I21 (I21.0, I21.1, I21.2, I21.3, I21.4, I21.9), tj. AIM. Dijabetes je zabilježen kod bolesnika koji su bili na inzulinu ili oralnim hipoglikemicima, ukljuÄujuÄi dijabetes tip 1 i tip 2. Rezultati: U studiju smo ukljuÄili 180 bolesnika koji su doživjeli AIM. Od tog broja ih je 35 (19,4 %) imalo dijabetes (DP), a 145 (80,6 %) nije imalo dijabetes (ne-DP). Bol u prsiÅ”tu nije bila prisutna u devet (26 %) DP i 13 (9 %) ne-DP (p=0,007). Nije bilo znaÄajne razlike u distribuciji prema spolu ni u jednoj skupini bolesnika (p=0,35). MuÅ”karaca je bilo 60 % u DP i 68 % u ne-DP. ProsjeÄna dob znaÄajno se razlikovala u dvjema skupinama. U DP je prosjeÄna dob bila 69 godina, a u ne-DP 64 godine (p=0,034). Rasprava: Akutni infarkt miokarda u bolesnika s dijabetesom može se prezentirati izmijenjenom kliniÄkom slikom i zbog toga se Äesto istraživao. Neki istraživaÄi su pokazali da je atipiÄna ili nijema prezentacija infarkta ÄeÅ”Äa u bolesnika s dijabetesom, dok drugi nisu pronaÅ”li razlike u usporedbi s nedijabetiÄarima. U ovoj studiji smo primijetili da je izostanak boli u prsiÅ”tu kao karakteristika nijemog AMI uÄestaliji u dijabetiÄara s AIM. To dovodi do zakljuÄka da dijabetes utjeÄe na kliniÄku sliku AIM. Treba istaknuti važnost takvog rezultata u izvanbolniÄkoj hitnoj medicini gdje se bolesnici Äesto prezentiraju raznim simptomima. Srednja vrijednost dobi dijabetiÄara koji su doživjeli AIM bila je znaÄajno veÄa nego u nedijabetiÄara. UnatoÄ Äinjenici da je dijabetes riziÄni Äimbenik za razvoj AIM, ovaj rezultat možemo tumaÄiti Äinjenicom da je dijabetes zastupljeniji u starijoj populaciji. ZakljuÄak: Bol u prsiÅ”tu se javlja rjeÄe u bolesnika s dijabetesom koji imaju AIM nego u onih koji nemaju dijabetes. Zbog toga dijabetiÄari imaju veÄe izglede da razviju nijemi AIM.
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN THE INCIDENCE AND CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN EMERGENCY MEDICINE
Cilj: Glavni cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati postoje li spolne razlike u uÄestalosti, dobnoj distribuciji i kliniÄkoj prezentaciji kod bolesnika s akutnim infarktom miokarda koji su zatražili intervenciju Hitne medicinske službe. Metode: UÄinjena je retrospektivna analiza baze podataka naÅ”eg Zavoda za hitnu medicinu u razdoblju od travnja 2014. do listopada 2019. godine. Koristili smo program e-Hitna te ukljuÄili sve bolesnike s dijagnozom akutnog infarkta miokarda (I21 prema MKB-
10 klasifi kaciji). Za sve bolesnike analizirali smo nekoliko karakteristika: dob, spol, prisutnost Å”eÄerne bolesti te tri kliniÄke karakteristike (bol u prsima, poremeÄaj svijesti, hemodinamska nestabilnost). Rezultati: Ukupno je ukljuÄeno 377 pacijenata s dijagnozom akutnog infarkta miokarda. MuÅ”karaca je bilo 219 (58,1 %), a žena 158 (41,9 %) (p < 0,001). ProsjeÄna dob obolijevanja muÅ”karaca iznosila je 64 godine, a žena 73 godine (p<0,001). Nije zabilježena razlika u pojavnosti Å”eÄerne bolesti izmeÄu spolova (p=0,88). Å to se tiÄe kliniÄkih karakteristika bolesnika, nije zabilježena razlika u pojavnosti i jaÄini boli u prsima (p=0,07) te hemodinamske nestabilnosti (p=0,49) izmeÄu muÅ”karaca i žena. MeÄutim, žene ÄeÅ”Äe imaju poremeÄaj svijesti (62,2 %) u odnosu na muÅ”karce (37,8 %) (p<0,01). Rasprava: Akutni infarkt miokarda ÄeÅ”Äi je u muÅ”karaca Å”to potvrÄuju i brojne studije. NaÅ”e istraživanje pokazalo je da se infarkt miokarda javlja u starijoj dobi kod žena s razlikom prosjeÄne dobi obolijevanja od Äak 9 godina. Takva razlika tumaÄi se drugaÄijim utjecajem riziÄnih Äimbenika na razvoj kardiovaskularnih bolesti izmeÄu spolova te protektivnim djelovanjem estrogena u žena prije menopauze. Od navedenih kliniÄkih karakteristika poremeÄaj svijesti javlja se ÄeÅ”Äe u žena Å”to je u skladu s mnogim istraživanjima koja navode da žene ÄeÅ”Äe imaju atipiÄne simptome. ZakljuÄak: Kardiovaskularne bolesti se javljaju ÄeÅ”Äe u muÅ”karaca, ali su glavni uzrok smrti u oba spola. MuÅ”karci obolijevaju i do 10 godina ranije, ali spolne se razlike starenjem smanjuju. Potrebna su daljnja istraživanja o uzroku razlika u kliniÄkoj prezentaciji akutnog infarkta miokarda izmeÄu spolova.The main objective of this study was to investigate whether there are gender differences in the incidence, age, distribution and clinical presentation of patients with acute myocardial infarction requiring emergency medical intervention. Retrospective analysis of the data base of our Department of Emergency Medicine from April 2014 to October 2019 was performed. We used the e-Hitna program and included all patients with acute myocardial infarction (I21 according to the ICD-10 classifi cation). For all patients involved, we analyzed the following characteristics: age, gender, presence of diabetes, and three clinical characteristics (chest pain, disorders of consciousness, and hemodynamic instability). A total of 377 patients with acute myocardial infarction were included. There were 219 (58.1%) men and 158 (41.9%) women (p<0.001). The average age of men and women was 64 and 73 years, respectively (p<0.001). There was no gender difference in the incidence of diabetes (p=0.88). Regarding clinical characteristics of patients, there was no difference in the incidence and severity of chest pain (p=0.07) and hemodynamic instability (p=0.49). However, women were found to be more likely to have a disorder of consciousness (62.2%) than men (37.8%) (p<0.01). In conclusion, acute myocardial infarction is more common in men, as confi rmed by numerous studies. Our study shows that myocardial infarction occurs in older women, with a 9-year difference in the average age. Such a difference is interpreted by different infl uence of risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases between the genders and the protective effect of estrogen in women before menopause. Of these clinical characteristics, consciousness disorders occur more frequently in women, which is consistent with numerous studies reporting that women have atypical symptoms more often. In conclusion, cardiovascular diseases occur more frequently in men, but are the leading cause of death in both genders. Men have myocardial infarction 10 years earlier on average, but gender differences are decreasing with age. Further studies on the cause of differences in the clinical presentation of acute myocardial infarction between genders are required