Antibacterial Effect Of Muntingia Calabura L. Leaf Extract To Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen which can cause infection in every part of the human body lacking normal defense. This bacteria is one of the leading cause of nosocomial infection in Indonesia. Treating infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is now more challenging due to its resistance to many classes of antibiotics. On the other hand, Muntingia calabura L. is a genus of plants in the family Elaeocarpaceae, which is spread widely throughout South East Asia, including Indonesia. Some of the researches in the past show antibacterial properties of these plants. Aim: to determine the antibacterial effect of Muntingia calabura L. Leaf extract to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Method: This research is an experimental study using in vitro technique and non-equivalent control group design. The method used in this study was microdilution in 96-well microplate and concentrations of Muntinga calabura L. Leaf extract used in this study were 50-800mg/mL. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was measured by a spectrophotometer, while Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) was observed by direct streaking to the agar plate. Result: MIC value was found at the concentration range of 400-800 mg/mL, while MBC was found at concentration 800 mg/mL. Conclusion: There is a potential bactericidal effect of Muntingia calabura L. To Pseudomonas aeruginos

Muntingia Calabura L. Leaves Extract Effect Towards Increment Of Nitric Oxide In Rattus Norvegicus

Introduction: Hypertension is one of the leading health problem in Indonesia. One of the pathophysiology of hypertension is abnormality in nitric oxide production and transport. On the other side, Muntingia calabura L. is a plant that widely distributed in Indonesian and believed to possessed antinociceptive, antioxidant, antihypertension, and antimicrobial effect. Leaves of Muntingia calabura L. comprise of high phenolic compounds which is thought to increase nitric oxide production through the modulation of NOS and ROS inhibition. Aim: To analyze the effect of extract of Muntingia calabura L. leaves toward increment of nitric oxide in Rattus norvegicus. Method: This research is an in vivo experimental study with post-test only control group design, using nitric oxide strips test as measuring instrument. Sample of this experiment is forty Rattus norvegicus divided in five group which is negative control, positive control, treatment 1, treatment 2, and treatment 3. Extract of Muntingia calabura L. leaves with concentration 50, 100, 200 mg/mL given everyday on treatment group and measured every two days until six measurement is acquired. Result: There is increment of NO through administration extract of Muntingia calabura L. leaves in Rattus norvegicus. Conclusion: Highest increment of NO is obtained through administration of Muntingia calabura L. leaves extract at 200 mg/mL concentration

The Effect Of 10% And 30% Lavender Essential Oil Balm On Serum Cortisol Levels In Rats Given Stressor

Introduction: Indonesian Ministry of Health published Basic Health Research stated that the incidence of stress in Indonesia increased between 2013 and 2018. Untreated stress is a riskfactor for suicide and can cause the onset of depression. Stress associated with cortisol, thishormone has many functions in our body, such as increasing blood sugar levels, reducinginflammation, and suppressing the immune system  One of the essential oils commonly used is English Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia). The lavender essential oil has many benefits, such as reduce anxiety, relieve pain, improve sleep quality, bactericidal, and repellent Purpose: This study aims to research the effectiveness of 10% and 30% lavender essential oil balm on serum cortisol levels in rats given stressor.  Method: This study used 37 male rats randomly divided into four groups: negative control, positive control, 10% lavender balm, and 30% lavender balm. The forced swim test was given as the stressor every day for ten days, 20 days, and 30 days. The lavender oil balm was pplied to the back after the forced swim test. ELISA Kit measured the serum cortisol levels. Results: The results showed that 10% lavender essential oil balm significantly (p=0.007 and p=0.041) decreased serum cortisol levels compared to negative control and positive control group. However, there was no statistically significant difference in serum cortisol levels in the 30% lavender essential oil group. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in serum cortisol levels between 10 days, 20 days, and 30 days of the 10% and 30% lavender essential oil balm.   Conclusion: The effectiveness of lavender essential oil balm to decrease the serum cortisol levels depends on the concentration and not depending on the duration of administration. 10% lavender essential oil balm lowers the serum cortisol levels more than 30% lavender ssential oil balm

Effect Of Vetiver Essential Oil In 10% And 30% Concentration To The Cortisol Hormones Of Stressor-Induced Rats

Background: The number of people with mental health problems is still high in the world, especially depression. This incident is triggered by the stress of each individual on anongoing basis and failure to adapt. Stress regulation is a preventive measure to preventdepression in individuals. Currently, there are many developing uses of essential oils as antistress relaxation therapy. Vetiver essential oil is believed to reduce stress levels. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effect of using vetiver essential oil with different concentrations and administration periods on changes in cortisol levels. Methods: This study used Rattus norvegicus experimental animals with the Forced Swim Test (FST) as a stressor. Vetiver essential oil concentrations of 10% and 30% were administered with the essential oil preparation given after giving stressor. Stress level in experimental animals was measured from the hormone cortisol in the blood. The method of measuring cortisol in experimental animals was carried out using the Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) method. Results: This study obtained significant results from the Kruskal Wallis statistical test ondecreasing cortisol levels in experimental animals by administering vetiver essential oil with10% concentration. Changes in the cortisol hormone in experimental animals and cortisollevels were not affected by the length of time of administration