Effect of time of desiccation on oil content in different sunflower hybrids

Chemical desiccation with Reglone Forte has been tried in production fields under four sunflower hybrids. Reglone Forte (2 l/ha) was applied at 7-day intervals from the end of pollination till maturity. Seed moisture was determined prior to each treatment. Seed oil content was determined at maturity, using the method of nuclear magnetic resonance. The highest oil content was found in the control, the lowest in the treatment 7 days after flower (DAF). The absence of significant differences among treatments 21 DAF, 28 DAF and the control was an indication that there was no large increment in oil content in the period after the average seed moisture reached 44.34% and maturity. Considering individual hybrids, there was no large oil content increase already from treatment 14 DAF, with the exception of hybrid NS-H-43 which evidently required a later treatment. Considering the time of treatment in relation to seed moisture, this hybrid achieved maximum oil content when treated at 31% seed moisture. In hybrid NS-H-26 RM, however, maximum oil content was achieved with treatment at 25% seed moisture

Efekat gena i kombinacione sposobnosti za visinu biljke i prečnik glave kod suncokreta

Plant height and head diameter are important parameters which effect on a yield in sunflower. Six restorer Rf lines, three tester A lines and their 18 Fl hybrids were studied, using line x tester method. Significant differences were found between restorer lines and testers and their Fl hybrids for plant height and head diameter. Regarding the inheritance of examined characteristic, super dominance and dominance of better parent occurred, and the intermediary too. Tester line HA-48A (188.25 cm) and Fl hybrid HA-48A x RHA-SELEUS (245.10 cm) had the highest mean value for plant height, and the lowest value had line RHA-BRE-1 (105.35 cm) and hybrid L-19A x RHA-BRE-1 (147.9 cm). For head diameter, the highest mean value had line L-19A (19.02 cm) and Fl hybrids HA-48A x RHA-TR-20 and L-19A x RHA-TR-20 (24.55 cm), and the lowest line RHA-BRE-1 (13.10 cm) and hybrid HA-26A x RHA-M-72 (20.25 cm). Based on the results, the following conclusion is that lines RHA-BRE-1 for plant height and RHA-SELEUS for head diameter have the best GCA, and the best SCA have hybrids L-19A x RHA-BRE-1 for plant height and HA-26A x RHA-SELEUS for head diameter. Analyzing components of genetic variance, the nonadditive component played the main role in the inheritance of plant height and the additive of head diameter. The largest average contribution in the expression of plant height had the tester A-lines (83.17%) and for head diameter Rf lines had the greatest influence (58.13%).Visina biljke i prečnik glave su značajni parametri koji utiču na visinu prinosa kod suncokreta. Metodom linija x tester ispitano je šest restorer linija, tri tester A linije i njihovih 18 F1 hibrida. Utvrđene su značajne razlike između restorer linija i testera i njihovih F1 hibrida za visinu biljke i prečnik glave. U nasleđivanju ispitivanih svojstava ispoljile su se superdominacija i dominacija boljeg roditelja, ali i intermedijarnost. Najveću srednju vrednost za visinu biljke su imali tester linija HA-48 A (188,25 cm) i Fj hibrid HA-48A x RHA-SELEUS (245,1 cm), a najmanju linija RHA-BRE-1 (105,35 cm), odnosno hibrid L-19A x RHA-BRE-1 (147,9 cm). Kod prečnika glave najveću srednju vrednost su imali tester linija L-19A (19,95 cm) i F, hibridi HA-48 A x RHA-TR-20 i L-19A x RHA-TR-20 (24,55 cm), a najmanju linija RHA-BRE-1 (13,10 cm) i hibrid HA-26A x RHA-M-72 (20,25 cm). Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata može se zaključiti da najbolje OKS imaju linije RHA-BRE-1 za visinu biljke i RHA-TR-20 za prečnik glave, a najbolje PKS, hibridi L-19A x RHA-BRE-1 za visinu biljke i HA-26A x RHA-SELEUS za prečnik glave. Analiziranjem komponenti genetske varijanse, neaditivna komponenta je imala najveći uticaj na nasleđivanje visine biljke, a aditivna na prečnika glave. Najveći prosečni doprinos u ekspresiji visine biljke dale su A-tester linije 83,17%, a za prečnik glave najveći uticaj su imale restorer linije 58,13%

Effect of harvest date on seed viability of different sunflower genotypes

Effect of harvest date on seed viability has been examined in 3 different sunflower genotypes. Harvesting started 7 days after fertilization. It was done 10 times, at 3-4-day intervals. Seed moisture was determined before each harvest. Trials were conducted in India and Serbia. Seed viability was determined 3 months after the harvest. Genotype ranking regarding seed viability, was not the same in the two locations; higher average seed germination was registered in Serbia. There were no significant increases in seed viability once the average seed moisture at the time of harvest reached 41% (India) and 48% (Serbia). Differences existed between the locations in minimum and maximum daily temperatures. Regression analysis showed that highest seed germination rates were reached when seed moisture content at harvest went below 32%, in most cases when seed moisture reached 22-23%

Način nasleđivanja i heritabilnost dužine krunice cevastog cveta i sadržaja nektara kod suncokreta

Since disc flower corolla length and nectar content are the two most important parameters of attractiveness to pollinators in sunflower and we monitored them in the parental lines F[ hybrids, we thought it would be interesting to determine the mode of inheritance and heritability of these two traits. The mean values of disc flower corolla length ranged between 7.23-10.22 mm. Differences among most of the genotypes were significant Year had significant influence on the expression of this trait. In the inheritance of the corolla length, partial dominance of the parent with the smaller corolla length (NS-H-702) was observed when determining mode of inheritance relative to the parents. Relative to the parental average however it was not possible to determine the mode of inheritance in any of tile hybrid combinations. The nectar content means ranged from 2.08 to 15.54 mg/20 flowers and differences among most of the genotypes were significant. Partial dominance of the parent with the smaller nectar content mean was recorded in the inheritance of this trait (NS-H-702): Negative heterosis was found in the hybrid NS-H-45.Pošto su dužina krunice cevastog cveta i sadržaj nektara najvažniji parametri atraktivnosti genotipova suncokreta za oprašivače i praćeni su kod roditeljskih linija i F1 hibrida bilo je interesantno utvrditi način nasleđivanja i heritabilnost za ova dva svojstva. Srednje vrednosti za dužinu krunice cevastog cveta su se kretale od 7.23-10.22mm. Razlike su bile značajne između većine ispitivanih genotipova. Na ekspresiju dužine krunice cevastog cveta su značajno uticale godine. U nasleđivanju ovoga svojstva ispoljila se parcijalna dominacija roditelja sa manjom dužinom krunice cevastog cveta (NS-H-702) i to u slučaju utvrđivanja načina nasleđivanja u odnosu na roditelje, dok u odnosu na roditeljski prosek nije bilo moguće utvrditi način nasleđivanja ni u jednoj hibridnoj kombinaciji. Srednje vrednosti za sadržaj nektara su se kretale od 2.08-15.54mg/20 cvetova i razlike su bile značajne kod većine ispitivanih genotipova. U nasleđivanju sadržaja nektara se ispoljila parcijalna dominacija roditelja sa manjom srednjom vrednošću za ovo svojstvo (NS-H-702), dok se kod hibrida NS-H-45 ispoljio negativni heterozis

Fenotipska i genotipska varijabilnost dužine krunice cevastog cveta i sadržaja nektara kod suncokreta

The nectar content and disc flower corolla length are the two most important parameters of attractiveness to pollinators in sunflower. The phenotypic and genotypic variability of these two traits was studied in four commercially important hybrids and their parental components in a trial with three fertilizer doses over two years. The results showed that, looking at individual genotypes, the variability of disc flower corolla length was affected the most by year (85.38-97.46%). As the study years were extremely different, the phenotypic variance of the hybrids and parental components was calculated for each year separately. In such conditions, looking at all of the crossing combinations, the largest contribution to phenotypic variance of the corolla length was that of genotype: 57.27-61.11% (NS-H-45) 64.51-84.84% (Velja); 96.74-97.20% (NS-H-702) and 13.92-73.17% (NS-H-111). A similar situation was observed for the phenotypic variability of nectar content, where genotype also had the largest influence, namely 39.77-48.25% in NS-H-45; 39.06-42.51% in Velja; 31.97-72.36% in NS-H-702; and 62.13-94.96% in NS-H-111.Najznačajniji parametri atraktivnosti za oprašivače kod suncokreta su sadržaj nektara i dužina krunice cevastog cveta. Fenotipska i genotipska varijabilnost ovih svojstava je izučavana kod 4 komercijalno važna hibrida i njihove roditeljske komponente u ogledu sa 3 doze đubrenja, u dve godine. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da je na varijabilnost dužine krunice cevastog cveta bio najznačajniji uticaj godine (85.38-97.46%), ako se ona posmatra za pojedinačne genotipove. Pošto su godine istraživanja bile ekstremno različite fenotipska varijansa je izračunata za hibride i roditeljske komponente za svaku godinu posebno. U takvim okolnostima za sve kombinacije ukrštanja najveći udeo u fenotipskoj varijansi za dužinu krunice cevastog cveta je imao genotip: 57.27-61.11% (NS-H-45); 64.5l-84.84% (Velja); 96.74-97.20% (NS-H-702) i 13.92-73.17% (NS-H-111). Slično je bilo i sa fenotipskom varijabilnošću za sadržaj nektara, jer je takodje bio najznačajniji uticaj genotipa i to: 39.77-48.25% kod NS-H-45; 39.06-42.51% kod Velja; 31.97-72.36% kod NS-H-702162.13-94.96% kod NS-H-111

Limitirajući faktori u proizvodnji semenskog suncokreta u 1999. godini

The production of seed sunflower, like any other seed production, has its own peculiarities and additional requirements that often do not appear in commercial production. First of all, one must be much more rigorous when-choosing the plot and the crop rotation must be adhered to without exception. Also, the herbicides and their doses must be decided upon carefully and the plots must be kept free of weeds all the way through until harvesting. Certain additional requirements may present themselves when carrying out the other crop tending measures as well. Of course, there is also the problem of spatial isolation to prevent contamination by unwanted pollen. Still, the largest differences between the two types of production are related to sunflower pollination. .Proizvodnja semenskog suncokreta kao i svaka semenska proizvodnja odlikuje se odgovarajućim specifičnostima i dodatnim zahtevima koji se često ne javljaju u merkantilnoj proizvodnji. Kao prvo mora se biti rigorozniji pri izboru parcele i striktno poštovati plodored. Mora se voditi računa pri izboru herbicida kao i njihovih doza a parcele se moraju održavati čistim od korova sve do žetve. Određeni dodatni zahtevi mogu se javiti i prilikom izvođenja drugih mera nege. Naravno, tu je i problem prostorne izolacije radi sprečavanja kontaminacije nepoželjnim polenom. Ipak najveće razlike vezane su za oplodnju suncokreta

Međuzavisnost uslova oprašivanja, oplodnje i prinosa semena suncokreta

Four commercially important sunflower hybrids (NS-H-45, NS-H-l 11, NS-H-702 and Velja) and their parental components (Ha-74B, Ha-98B, CMS-3-8B, Ha-26B, RHA-583, RHA-R-PI-2/1 and RHA-113N) were used over a period of two years to study the following traits: disk flower corolla length, nectar content, pollen viability, bee visitation, fertilization percentage and seed yield. Relations among the traits were determined by path coefficient analysis. The simple correlation coefficients showed that fertilization percentage and bee visitation had a highly significant influence on seed yield. The corolla length had a positive effect on nectar content, while nectar content had a significant negative influence on pollen viability. The highest significant direct influence on seed yield was that of fertilization percentage, while the effect on nectar content on seed yield was negative but not significant. The coefficient of determination was 0.8071.Kod četiri komercijalno važna hibrida suncokreta (NS-H-45, NS-H-111, NS-H-702 i Velja) i njihovih roditeljskih komponenti (Ha-74B, Ha-98B, CMS-3-8B, Ha-26B, RHA-583, RHA-R-P1-2/1 i RHA-113N) u dve godine su ispitivana sledeća svojstva: dužina krunice cevastog cveta, sadržaj nektara, vitalnost polena, poseta pčela, % oplodnje i prinos semena. Međuzavisnost ispitivanih svojstava je utvrđena Path coefficient analizom. Prosti koeficijenti korelacije su pokazali da su % oplodnje i poseta oprašivača imali visoko značajan pozitivan uticaj na prinos semena. Značajan pozitivan efekat je imala dužina krunice na sadržaj nektara, a značajan negativan efekat je imao sadržaj nektara na vitalnost polena. Najveći značajan direktan efekat na prinos semena je imao procenat oplodnje, dok je negativan, ali ne i značajan efekat imao sadržaj nektara na prinos semena. Koeficijent determinacije je iznosio 0,8071

Uticaj gustine useva na prinos semena kod suncokreta

The effects of stand density of sunflower hybrids on growth dynamics, yield and certain microclimatic factors. The trial was carried out on a chernozem soil in a six-field crop rotation according to the two-factorial split-plot design. The main plot consisted of three registered or experimental hybrids (NS-Dukat, NS-H-111 and NS-H-103), while the subplots included six different stand densities: 30,000, 40,000, 50,000, 60,000, 70,000, and 80,000 plants per hectare. Because a regression analysis was to be used to calculate the optimum stand density, the stands were purposely either too sparse or too dense for our conditions. On average for all three years and all three hybrids, the seed yield increased up to the density of 60,000 plants ha-1 (the increase was significant up to 50,000 plants ha-1), while the regression maximum was at 55,000 plants ha-1. The highest seed yield significantly larger than in the other two hybrids, was detected in hybrid NS-H-111. There were significant differences in the hybrids response to different stand densities. The number of filled seeds, followed by 1000-seed weight, had the greatest direct effect on the seed yield. Since the oil yield in sunflower depends mostly on the seed yield, the highest yield of oil was recorded at densities that produced the highest seed yield as well (in a way, this was confirmed by the results of path coefficient analysis).U radu je proučavan uticaj gustine useva na dinamiku rastenja i prinos hibrida suncokreta, kao i na neke mikroklimatske činioca. Ogled je postavljen na zemljištu tipa černozem, u šestopoljnom plodoredu, po planu dvofaktorijalnog split-plot dizajna. Glavna ili velika parcelica obuhvatala je tri priznata ili eksperimentalna hibrida: NS-Dukat, NS-H-111 i NS-H-103. Podparcelice su obuhvatale šest gustina useva: 30.000, 40.000, 50.000 60.000, 70.000 i 80.000 biljaka po hektaru. Zbog regresione obrade podataka koja omogućava izračunavanje optimalne gustine useva namerno su uzete, za naše uslove, nedovoljne i suviše velike gustine. U proseku za tri godine i sve hibride prinos semena kod suncokreta rastao je do 60.000 biljaka po hektaru, značajno do 50.000 biljaka po hektaru, a regresioni maksimum je bio pri 55.000 biljaka po hektaru. Hibrid NS-H-111 ostvario je značajno najviši prinos semena. Između pojedinih hibrida postoje uočljive razlike u reakciji na gustinu useva. Najveći direktan uticaj na prinos semena imao je broj punih semena, a zatim masa 1.000 semena. Prinos ulja kod suncokreta u najvećoj meri zavisi od prinosa semena i maksimalan prinos ulja ostvaren na onim varijantama gustine useva na kojima je ostvaren i maksimalan prinos semena suncokreta, što je na izvestan način potvrdila i analiza koeficijenata putanje

Genetic divergence in sunflower (Helianthus annuus) inbreds

Increase in seed yield is the main objective of sunflower breeding programs. Genetic variability is the basic prerequisite for each breeding program. Determination and knowledge of genetic variability facilitate the selection of superior genotypes in different generations of selfing. In breeding programs, much effort is expended each year to find superior lines among a large number of tested lines. Genetic divergence has been analyzed in 125 sunflower inbred lines for the following traits: 1) number of florets per plant, 2) number of seeds per plant, 3) percentage of pollination per plant, 4) autofertility and 5) autocompatibility. The selected lines differed in the values of the analyzed traits. Relationships between and within groups of lines were analyzed by a discriminant analysis, which uses mean values of individual plants, and groups of plants and lines. Mahalanobis squared distance served as a measure of similarity. Based on the analyzed traits, it was concluded that 23 inbred lines do not belong to the groups they were allocated in on the basis of the pedigree method of selection. The accuracy of classification varied from 68 to 88%