26 research outputs found
Zoledronate treatment duration is linked to bisphosphonateârelated osteonecrosis of the jaw prevalence in rice rats with generalized periodontitis
ObjectivesTo determine the extent that zoledronate (ZOL) dose and duration is associated with bisphosphonateârelated osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) prevalence in rice rats with generalized periodontitis (PD), characterize structural and tissueâlevel features of BRONJâlike lesions in this model, and examine the specific antiâresorptive role of ZOL in BRONJ.Materials and MethodsRice rats (n = 228) consumed high sucroseâcasein diet to enhance generalized PD. Groups of rats received 0, 8, 20, 50 or 125 ”g/kg IV ZOL/4 weeks encompassing osteoporosis and oncology ZOL doses. Rats from each dose group (n = 9â16) were necropsied after 12, 18, 24 and 30 weeks of treatment. BRONJâlike lesion prevalence and tissueâlevel features were assessed grossly, histopathologically and by MicroCT. ZOL bone turnover effects were assessed by femoral peripheral quantitative computed tomography, serum bone turnover marker ELISAs and osteoclast immunolabelling.ResultsPrevalence of BRONJâlike lesions was significantly associated with (a) ZOL treatment duration, but plateaued at the lowest oncologic dose, and (b) there was a similar doseârelated plateau in the systemic antiâresorptive effect of ZOL. ZOL and BRONJâlike lesions also altered the structural and tissueâlevel features of the jaw.ConclusionThe relationship between BRONJâlike lesion prevalence and ZOL dose and duration varies depending on the coâ or preâexisting oral risk factor. At clinically relevant doses of ZOL, BRONJâlike lesions are associated with antiâresorptive activity.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149302/1/odi13052.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149302/2/odi13052_am.pd
A Blowfly Trap For Standardized Field Sampling
Volume: 95Start Page: 202End Page: 20
Food-Based Lure Performance in Three Locations in Puerto Rico: Attractiveness to Anastrepha suspensa
Evolutionary ecology of Chagas disease; what do we know and what do we need?
International audienceThe aetiological agent of Chagas disease, Trypanosoma cruzi, is a key human pathogen afflicting most populations of Latin America. This vectorborne parasite is transmitted by haematophageous triatomines, whose control by large-scale insecticide spraying has been the main strategy to limit the impact of the disease for over 25 years. While those international initiatives have been successful in highly endemic areas, this systematic approach is now challenged by the emergence of insecticide resistance and by its low efficacy in controlling species that are only partially adapted to human habitat. In this contribution, we review evidences that Chagas disease control shall now be entering a second stage that will rely on a better understanding of triatomines adaptive potential, which requires promoting microevolutionary studies and âomic approaches. Concomitantly, we show that our knowledge of the determinants of the evolution of T. cruzi high diversity and low virulence remains too limiting to design evolution-proof strategies, while such attributes may be part of the future of Chagas disease control after the 2020 WHO's target of regional elimination of intradomiciliary transmission has been reached. We should then aim at developing a theory of T. cruzi virulence evolution that we anticipate to provide an interesting enrichment of the general theory according to the specificities of transmission of this very generalist stercorarian trypanosome. We stress that many ecological data required to better understand selective pressures acting on vector and parasite populations are already available as they have been meticulously accumulated in the last century of field research. Although more specific information will surely be needed, an effective research strategy would be to integrate data into the conceptual and theoretical framework of evolutionary ecology and life-history evolution that provide the quantitative backgrounds necessary to understand and possibly anticipate adaptive responses to public health interventions