20 research outputs found
Table_1_Genome-wide detection of genotype environment interactions for flowering time in Brassica napus.xlsx
No full textFlowering time is strongly related to the environment, while the genotype-by-environment interaction study for flowering time is lacking in Brassica napus. Here, a total of 11,700,689 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 490 B. napus accessions were used to associate with the flowering time and related climatic index in eight environments using a compressed variance-component mixed model, 3VmrMLM. As a result, 19 stable main-effect quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) and 32 QTN-by-environment interactions (QEIs) for flowering time were detected. Four windows of daily average temperature and precipitation were found to be climatic factors highly correlated with flowering time. Ten main-effect QTNs were found to be associated with these flowering-time-related climatic indexes. Using differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis in semi-winter and spring oilseed rapes, 5,850 and 5,511 DEGs were found to be significantly expressed before and after vernalization. Twelve and 14 DEGs, including 7 and 9 known homologs in Arabidopsis, were found to be candidate genes for stable QTNs and QEIs for flowering time, respectively. Five DEGs were found to be candidate genes for main-effect QTNs for flowering-time-related climatic index. These candidate genes, such as BnaFLCs, BnaFTs, BnaA02.VIN3, and BnaC09.PRR7, were further validated by the haplotype, selective sweep, and co-expression networks analysis. The candidate genes identified in this study will be helpful to breed B. napus varieties adapted to particular environments with optimized flowering time.</p
DataSheet_1_Genome-wide detection of genotype environment interactions for flowering time in Brassica napus.pdf
No full textFlowering time is strongly related to the environment, while the genotype-by-environment interaction study for flowering time is lacking in Brassica napus. Here, a total of 11,700,689 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 490 B. napus accessions were used to associate with the flowering time and related climatic index in eight environments using a compressed variance-component mixed model, 3VmrMLM. As a result, 19 stable main-effect quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) and 32 QTN-by-environment interactions (QEIs) for flowering time were detected. Four windows of daily average temperature and precipitation were found to be climatic factors highly correlated with flowering time. Ten main-effect QTNs were found to be associated with these flowering-time-related climatic indexes. Using differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis in semi-winter and spring oilseed rapes, 5,850 and 5,511 DEGs were found to be significantly expressed before and after vernalization. Twelve and 14 DEGs, including 7 and 9 known homologs in Arabidopsis, were found to be candidate genes for stable QTNs and QEIs for flowering time, respectively. Five DEGs were found to be candidate genes for main-effect QTNs for flowering-time-related climatic index. These candidate genes, such as BnaFLCs, BnaFTs, BnaA02.VIN3, and BnaC09.PRR7, were further validated by the haplotype, selective sweep, and co-expression networks analysis. The candidate genes identified in this study will be helpful to breed B. napus varieties adapted to particular environments with optimized flowering time.</p
Autophagy contributes to sulfonylurea herbicide tolerance via GCN2-independent regulation of amino acid homeostasis
No full text<p>Sulfonylurea (SU) herbicides inhibit branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) biosynthesis by targeting acetolactate synthase. Plants have evolved target-site resistance and metabolic tolerance to SU herbicides; the GCN2 (general control non-repressible 2) pathway is also involved in SU tolerance. Here, we report a novel SU tolerance mechanism, autophagy, which we call ‘homeostatic tolerance,’ is involved in amino acid signaling in <i>Arabidopsis</i>. The activation and reversion of autophagy and GCN2 by the SU herbicide tribenuron-methyl (TM) and exogenous BCAA, respectively, confirmed that TM-induced BCAA starvation is responsible for the activation of autophagy and GCN2. Genetic and biochemical analyses revealed a lower proportion of free BCAA and more sensitive phenotypes in <i>atg5</i>, <i>atg7</i>, and <i>gcn2</i> single mutants than in wild-type seedlings after TM treatment; the lowest proportion of free BCAA and the most sensitive phenotypes were found in <i>atg5 gcn2</i> and <i>atg7 gcn2</i> double mutants. Immunoblotting and microscopy revealed that TM-induced activation of autophagy and GCN2 signaling do not depend on the presence of each other, and these 2 pathways may serve as mutually compensatory mechanisms against TM. TM inhibited the TOR (target of rapamycin), and activated autophagy in an estradiol-induced <i>TOR</i> RNAi line, suggesting that TM-induced BCAA starvation activates autophagy, probably via TOR inactivation. Autophagy and GCN2 were also activated, and independently contributed to TM tolerance in plants conferring metabolic tolerance. Together, these data suggest that autophagy is a proteolytic process for amino acid recycling and contributes to GCN2-independent SU tolerance, probably by its ability to replenish fresh BCAA.</p
Differences in DNA and mRNA expression.
No full text<p>(A) The insertion location is shown in gray rectangles in the ORF of the <i>BrTT8</i>. The black rectangles represent the exons, and TL1, TL2, TR1 and YCR1 are the primers that were developed from the corresponding exon sequences and insert sequence. The arrows are used to indicate the directions of the primers. The insertion sequences and flanking <i>BrTT8</i> intron 2 are shown in red and black, respectively. The conserved sequences at the termini of the element are underlined. Palindromic sequences that are capable of forming a hairpin are shown in blue. (B) The amplification products of the genomic DNA of the yellow-seeded (1) and black-seeded line (2) using the primers TL1 and TR1. (C) The primers TL2, TR1 and YCR1 amplified the genomic DNA from the three genotypes: (1) the homozygous yellow-seeded, (2) heterozygous black-seeded, (3) homozygous black-seeded plants. (D) mRNA levels in the immature seeds of the yellow-seeded line (three on the left) and black-seeded line (three on the right). The numbers 10, 20, and 30 signify the number of days after pollination. (E) 18S control.</p
