139 research outputs found
A comprehensive artificial intelligence framework for dental diagnosis and charting
Background: The aim of this study was to develop artificial intelligence (AI) guided framework to recognize tooth numbers in panoramic and intraoral radiographs (periapical and bitewing) without prior domain knowledge and arrange the intraoral radiographs into a full mouth series (FMS) arrangement template. This model can be integrated with different diseases diagnosis models, such as periodontitis or caries, to facilitate clinical examinations and diagnoses. Methods: The framework utilized image segmentation models to generate the masks of bone area, tooth, and cementoenamel junction (CEJ) lines from intraoral radiographs. These masks were used to detect and extract teeth bounding boxes utilizing several image analysis methods. Then, individual teeth were matched with a patient’s panoramic images (if available) or tooth repositories for assigning tooth numbers using the multi-scale matching strategy. This framework was tested on 1240 intraoral radiographs different from the training and internal validation cohort to avoid data snooping. Besides, a web interface was designed to generate a report for different dental abnormalities with tooth numbers to evaluate this framework’s practicality in clinical settings. Results: The proposed method achieved the following precision and recall via panoramic view: 0.96 and 0.96 (via panoramic view) and 0.87 and 0.87 (via repository match) by handling tooth shape variation and outperforming other state-of-the-art methods. Additionally, the proposed framework could accurately arrange a set of intraoral radiographs into an FMS arrangement template based on positions and tooth numbers with an accuracy of 95% for periapical images and 90% for bitewing images. The accuracy of this framework was also 94% in the images with missing teeth and 89% with restorations. Conclusions: The proposed tooth numbering model is robust and self-contained and can also be integrated with other dental diagnosis modules, such as alveolar bone assessment and caries detection. This artificial intelligence-based tooth detection and tooth number assignment in dental radiographs will help dentists with enhanced communication, documentation, and treatment planning accurately. In addition, the proposed framework can correctly specify detailed diagnostic information associated with a single tooth without human intervention
Review of photoacoustic imaging plus X
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a novel modality in biomedical imaging
technology that combines the rich optical contrast with the deep penetration of
ultrasound. To date, PAI technology has found applications in various
biomedical fields. In this review, we present an overview of the emerging
research frontiers on PAI plus other advanced technologies, named as PAI plus
X, which includes but not limited to PAI plus treatment, PAI plus new circuits
design, PAI plus accurate positioning system, PAI plus fast scanning systems,
PAI plus novel ultrasound sensors, PAI plus advanced laser sources, PAI plus
deep learning, and PAI plus other imaging modalities. We will discuss each
technology's current state, technical advantages, and prospects for
application, reported mostly in recent three years. Lastly, we discuss and
summarize the challenges and potential future work in PAI plus X area
Programming by Example Made Easy
Programming by example (PBE) is an emerging programming paradigm that
automatically synthesizes programs specified by user-provided input-output
examples. Despite the convenience for end-users, implementing PBE tools often
requires strong expertise in programming language and synthesis algorithms.
Such a level of knowledge is uncommon among software developers. It greatly
limits the broad adoption of PBE by the industry. To facilitate the adoption of
PBE techniques, we propose a PBE framework called Bee, which leverages an
"entity-action" model based on relational tables to ease PBE development for a
wide but restrained range of domains. Implementing PBE tools with Bee only
requires adapting domain-specific data entities and user actions to tables,
with no need to design a domain-specific language or an efficient synthesis
algorithm. The synthesis algorithm of Bee exploits bidirectional searching and
constraint-solving techniques to address the challenge of value computation
nested in table transformation. We evaluated Bee's effectiveness on 64 PBE
tasks from three different domains and usability with a human study of 12
participants. Evaluation results show that Bee is easier to learn and use than
the state-of-the-art PBE framework, and the bidirectional algorithm achieves
comparable performance to domain-specifically optimized synthesizers.Comment: Accepted by ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodolog
Dental CLAIRES: Contrastive LAnguage Image REtrieval Search for Dental Research
Learning about diagnostic features and related clinical information from
dental radiographs is important for dental research. However, the lack of
expert-annotated data and convenient search tools poses challenges. Our primary
objective is to design a search tool that uses a user's query for oral-related
research. The proposed framework, Contrastive LAnguage Image REtrieval Search
for dental research, Dental CLAIRES, utilizes periapical radiographs and
associated clinical details such as periodontal diagnosis, demographic
information to retrieve the best-matched images based on the text query. We
applied a contrastive representation learning method to find images described
by the user's text by maximizing the similarity score of positive pairs (true
pairs) and minimizing the score of negative pairs (random pairs). Our model
achieved a hit@3 ratio of 96% and a Mean Reciprocal Rank (MRR) of 0.82. We also
designed a graphical user interface that allows researchers to verify the
model's performance with interactions.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, 4 table
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