Tumor associated antigens or anti-TAA autoantibodies as biomarkers in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer: a systematic review with meta-analysis

<p>Objective: This systematic review aims to outline and summarize known tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) or anti-TAA autoantibodies and their diagnostic values in ovarian cancer (OC). Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in two databases. Data were independently extracted and reviewed by two junior investigators and the disagreement was further resolved by consulting one of the senior investigators. Results: Sixty publications reporting 113 different TAAs or anti-TAA autoantibodies were included. The majority of the studies were conducted in western countries. CA125, p53 and HE4 were the most frequently tested TAAs in OC. Meta-analysis showed that there was a significant association between serum anti-p53 autoantibody and increased risk of OC. Conclusion: Serum TAAs or anti-TAA autoantibodies are promising diagnostic biomarkers in the detection of OC. A customized mini-array of multiple TAAs may enhance the detection of anti-TAA autoantibodies in OC. Additional studies with sufficient number of OC patients and carefully selected controls are needed to further verify the results.</p

Impairment of contractile function recovery (A) and tissue survival (B) by KB-R7943 was correlated to its blunted effects on LVEDP in the hearts subjected to the 5-min Ca²⁺ depletion.

<p>Each bar represents the mean±SE, n = 6. The circle refers to the 3-min Ca²⁺ depletion group, and the triangle refers to the 5-min Ca²⁺ depletion group; ^##<i>P</i><0.01 vs. the 3-min Ca²⁺ depletion group.</p

Treatment with 10 µM KB-R7943 or 10 µM MDL28170 attenuated the Ca²⁺ repletion-induced membrane anchoring of both μ- (A) and m-calpain (B) in the 5-min Ca²⁺ depletion group.

<p>(a)–(c) represent the control, MDL28170 and KB-R7943 control hearts, respectively, (d)-(f) represent the 5-min Ca²⁺ depletion, with MDL28170 and with KB-R7943, respectively. Scale bar, 5 µm.</p

The effects of treatment with 10 µM KB-R7943 or 10 µM MDL28170 on the recovery of heart function after the 3-min Ca²⁺ depletion treatment.

<p>A. Representative left ventricular pressure tracing in the hearts subjected to the 3-min Ca²⁺ depletion treatment in the presence or absence of KB-R7943. B. Group results on the recovery of LVDP at the end of perfusion. C. Group results on LVEDP at the end of perfusion. Each bar represents the mean±SEM, n = 6. ^##<i>P</i><0.01 vs. the control, **<i>P</i><0.01 vs. with CaD3, ^†<i>P</i><0.01 vs. MDL+CaD3. Please refer to <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0052270#pone-0052270-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1</a> for the abbreviations.</p

Treatment with 10 µM KB-R7943 attenuated the Ca²⁺ repletion-induced membrane anchoring of both μ- (A) and m-calpain (B) in the 3-min Ca²⁺ depletion group.

<p>The nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue). (a) control, (b) KB-R7943 control, (c) Ca²⁺ paradox, (d) Ca²⁺ paradox with KB-R7943. Scale bar, 5 µm.</p

Effect of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles on Rice: A Study Involving the Antioxidant Defense System and In Vivo Fluorescence Imaging

Previous studies have reported the uptake of cerium oxide nanoparticles (<i>n</i>CeO₂) by plants, but their physiological impacts are not yet well understood. This research was aimed to study the impact of <i>n</i>CeO₂ on the oxidative stress and antioxidant defense system in germinating rice seeds. The seeds were germinated for 10 days in <i>n</i>CeO₂ suspension at 62.5, 125, 250, and 500 mg L^–1 concentrations. The Ce uptake, growth performance, stress levels, membrane damage, and antioxidant responses in seedlings were analyzed. Ce in tissues increased with increased <i>n</i>CeO₂ concentrations, but the seedlings showed no visible signs of toxicity. Biochemical assays and in vivo imaging of H₂O₂ revealed that, relative to the control, the 62.5 and 125 mg <i>n</i>CeO₂ L^–1 treatments significantly reduced the H₂O₂ generation in both shoots and roots. Enhanced electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation were found in the shoots of seedlings grown at 500 mg <i>n</i>CeO₂ L^–1. Altered enzyme activities and levels of ascorbate and free thiols resulting in enhanced membrane damage and photosynthetic stress in the shoots were observed at 500 mg <i>n</i>CeO₂ L^–1. These findings demonstrate a <i>n</i>CeO₂ concentration-dependent modification of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense system in rice seedlings

Treatment with 10 µM KB-R7943 (KBR) or 10 µM MDL28170 (MDL) reduced the activity of calpain in the Ca²⁺ paradoxic hearts.

<p>A. Group results on calpain activity by using Suc-LLVY-AMC. B. Representative blots for α-fodrin are shown at the top, along with the densitometric analysis result (bottom). C. Ponceau Red staining of the membrane. The values were expressed as arbitrary units relative to the control, which was given a value of 1. Each bar represents the mean±SEM, n = 6. ^##<i>P</i><0.01 vs. the control, ^†<i>P</i><0.01 vs. the 3-min Ca²⁺ depletion group (CaD3), **<i>P</i><0.01 vs. the corresponding group without the drug. MDL+C, MDL28170 control; KBR+C, KB-R7943 control; and CaD5, 5-min Ca²⁺ depletion group.</p

The contractile function recovery (A) and improvement in cell survival (B) after treatment with 10 µM KB-R7943 (KBR) was correlated to the recovery of LVEDP in the hearts subjected to the 3-min Ca²⁺ depletion treatment.

<p>Each bar represents the mean±SEM, n = 6. **<i>P</i><0.01 vs. the 3-min Ca²⁺ depletion group (CaD3), ^†<i>P</i><0.01 vs. MDL28170 (MDL).</p

Treatment with 10 µM KB-R7943 (KBR) or 10 µM MDL28170 (MDL) preserved heart tissue survival after the 5-min Ca²⁺ depletion treatment.

<p>A. Representative heart tissue slice stained with TTC. B. Group results on the myocardial injury area, which was expressed as a percentage of the total area. C. Group results on LDH release. Each bar represents the mean±SEM, n = 6. ^##<i>P</i><0.01 vs. the 5-min Ca²⁺ depletion group (CaD5). NS stands for no significant difference between the 3-min Ca²⁺ depletion group (CaD3) and CaD5.</p

The effects of treatment with 10 µM KB-R7943 or 10 µM MDL28170 on the percentage of calpain membrane-positive cells in the hearts subjected to the 5-min Ca²⁺ depletion and 2-min Ca²⁺ repletion.

<p>The data are documented as the mean±SEM, n = 4.</p>##<p><i>P</i><0.01 vs. the control,</p>†<p><i>P</i><0.01 vs. CaD3,</p>**<p><i>P</i><0.01 vs. the corresponding group without the drug. KBR+C, KB-R7943 control; MDL+C, MDL28170 control; CaD3, 3-min Ca²⁺ depletion group; CaD5, 5-min Ca²⁺ depletion group; MDL, MDL28170; and KBR, KB-R7943.</p