War events in Nova Gradiška: a front line physician’s report

Bataljunski liječnici u domovinskom ratu sudjelovali su u prvim borbenim redovima i odigrali značajnu ulogu u pružanju medicinske skrbi ranjenim borcima. Ovaj članak opisuje organizaciju i pripreme te boravak jednog bataljunskog sanitetskog odjeljenja na zapadnoslavonskom ratištu oko Nove Gradiške. Pripreme za boravak na prvoj liniji fronte obuhvatile su nabavku medicinske opreme, lijekova i zavojnog materijala, opremanje improviziranih sanitetskih vozila i četnih bolničara kao i higijensko-epidemiološke mjere (cijepljenje, sredstva za dekontaminaciju vode). Prikazana je organizacijska shema bataljunskog saniteta kao i njegova povezanost sa sanitetom Operativne zone i bolnicom u N. Gradiški. Opisane su najčešće bolesti koje su se pojavljivale u bataljunu u tijeku boravka na ratištu, uključivši i dva slučaja ranjavanja iz pješadijskog naoružanja kao i pogibija jednog borca od tenkovske granate. Bataljunska sanitetska odjeljenja zajednos bataljunskim liječnikom imaju u domovinskom ratu mnogostruku ulogu; ne samo da moraju voditi brigu o ranjenicima i borcima u prvim borbenim redovima te transportirati ih do odgovarajuće medicinske ustanove, već moraju voditi računa i o higijensko-epidemiološkim uvjetima, stanju hrane i čistoći vode. Ta se odjeljenja trebaju odgovarajuće opremiti, posebice adekvatnim vozilima i sanitetskim materijalom.The article deals with the war events in Nova Gradiška region viewed by a front line physician. Organization and functioning of the medical service in one of the battalions of Croatian Army is described. Some preparations of the medical squad before going to the front line concerning medical equipment and supplies, trained personal and vaccination are emphasized. Morbidity rate of the most often diseases in the battalion is presented, including the cases of one killed and two wounded soldiers

Embriologija blizanačke trudnoće

U tekstu je dat kraći pregled vrsta blizanaca, osnove njihovog embriološkog razvoja te najčešće anomalije

War events in Nova Gradiška: a front line physician’s report

Bataljunski liječnici u domovinskom ratu sudjelovali su u prvim borbenim redovima i odigrali značajnu ulogu u pružanju medicinske skrbi ranjenim borcima. Ovaj članak opisuje organizaciju i pripreme te boravak jednog bataljunskog sanitetskog odjeljenja na zapadnoslavonskom ratištu oko Nove Gradiške. Pripreme za boravak na prvoj liniji fronte obuhvatile su nabavku medicinske opreme, lijekova i zavojnog materijala, opremanje improviziranih sanitetskih vozila i četnih bolničara kao i higijensko-epidemiološke mjere (cijepljenje, sredstva za dekontaminaciju vode). Prikazana je organizacijska shema bataljunskog saniteta kao i njegova povezanost sa sanitetom Operativne zone i bolnicom u N. Gradiški. Opisane su najčešće bolesti koje su se pojavljivale u bataljunu u tijeku boravka na ratištu, uključivši i dva slučaja ranjavanja iz pješadijskog naoružanja kao i pogibija jednog borca od tenkovske granate. Bataljunska sanitetska odjeljenja zajednos bataljunskim liječnikom imaju u domovinskom ratu mnogostruku ulogu; ne samo da moraju voditi brigu o ranjenicima i borcima u prvim borbenim redovima te transportirati ih do odgovarajuće medicinske ustanove, već moraju voditi računa i o higijensko-epidemiološkim uvjetima, stanju hrane i čistoći vode. Ta se odjeljenja trebaju odgovarajuće opremiti, posebice adekvatnim vozilima i sanitetskim materijalom.The article deals with the war events in Nova Gradiška region viewed by a front line physician. Organization and functioning of the medical service in one of the battalions of Croatian Army is described. Some preparations of the medical squad before going to the front line concerning medical equipment and supplies, trained personal and vaccination are emphasized. Morbidity rate of the most often diseases in the battalion is presented, including the cases of one killed and two wounded soldiers

Embriologija blizanačke trudnoće

U tekstu je dat kraći pregled vrsta blizanaca, osnove njihovog embriološkog razvoja te najčešće anomalije

Uloga ultrazvučne elastografije u dijagnostici patoloških stanja testisa i skrotuma

Several years ago, elastography emerged as a potentially very useful ultrasound technique that is currently used in diagnostic workup of the breast, liver and some other organ systems, whereas for other ones it is still mainly in the phase of research. The aim of the study was to compare elasticity index (EI) of testicles using strain elastography in healthy subjects and those with pathologic changes of testicles/scrotum. A total of 117 patients were included in the study. Measurements were performed on a Logiq E9 ultrasound system using strain elastography. In healthy subjects, the mean EI value was 1.34±0.35 for right testis and 1.49±0.47 for left testis. Increased mean EI values were found in the following six conditions: patients with varicocele, infertile patients, solitary testis after orchidectomy of the other testicle because of tumor, patients with testicular tumors, patients after orchidopexy of undescended testicle, and patients with congenitally smaller testicle. There is a paucity of literature data on the use of elastography in testes, as well as on normal elastography values in testicular tissue. Strain elastography was demonstrated to be a valuable method to acquire additional information in patients with pathologic changes in testicles/scrotum. These data provide reference values for further research in a larger sample of subjects.Prije nekoliko godina pojavila se elastografija kao potencijalno vrlo korisna ultrazvučna metoda koja je danas u svakodnevnoj upotrebi u dijagnostici dojke, jetre i drugih organskih sustava, dok je za druge organe još u fazi istraživanja i evaluacije. Cilj istraživanja bio je usporediti indeks elastičnosti (EI) testisa u zdravih ispitanika i bolesnika s patološkim promjenama testisa i skrotuma. Istraživanje je provedeno kod ukupno 117 ispitanika od kojih je bilo 40 zdravih i 77 ispitanika s patološkim promjenama testisa i skrotuma. Mjerenja su provedena na ultrazvučnom aparatu Logiq E9 primjenom programa za sonoelastografska mjerenja. Kod zdravih ispitanika vrijednosti EI bile su 1,34±0,35 za desni testis i 1,49±0,47 za lijevi testis. Prema vrijednosti EI, pojačana tvrdoća tkiva testisa uočena je kod sljedećih stanja: varikokele, neplodnosti, ostatnog testisa kod stanja nakon orhidektomije drugog testisa, tumora testisa, stanja nakon orhidopeksije nespuštenog testisa i kongenitalno manjeg testisa. Malo je podataka u literaturi o elastografiji testisa, kao i o normalnim elastografskim vrijednostima tkiva testisa. Elastografija testisa se u našem ispitivanju pokazala korisnom metodom za dobivanje dodatnih dijagnostičkih informacija kod bolesnika s patološkim promjenama testisa i skrotuma, no potrebna su daljnja istraživanja s većim skupinama bolesnika

Spontaneous Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome

Spontaneous forms of the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (sOHSS) are nearly always reported between 8 and 14 weeks of pregnancy and also with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) producing pituitary adenoma. The syndrome has been previously reported in rare instances of increased production of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) such as multiple pregnancies, hydatiforme mole, polycystic ovary disease and elevated concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in hypothyreoidism. High levels of these hormones are able to stimulate by natural promiscuous activation the wild-type FSHr, resulting in sporadic presentations of the syndrome. Since 2003, only six different activating FSHr gene mutations have been reported in cases of familial or habitual sOHSS. In addition to five mutations which have been found in the transmembrane helices (Asp567Asn, Asp567Gly, Thr449Ile, Thr449Ala, Ile545Thr), the first germline mutation (c.383C > A, p. Ser 128 Tyr) in the extracelullar domain was identified. All five mutants were abnormally activated by TSH and normal levels of hCG while displaying constitutive activity. In contrast to these mutations, the p.Ser128Tyr mutant displayed an increase in sensitivity only toward hCG. Accordingly, the mutated FSHrs, may be hyperstimulated by the pregnancy-derived hCG or TSH, inducing the occurrence of the syndrome. In the differential diagnosis, malignancy, pregnancy luteoma and hyperreactio luteinalis would have to be excluded. In almost all of the cases the disease regresses spontaneously and could be managed expectantly or conservatively, but with termination of pregnancy or surgery in cases of complications

Cytotoxicity of Selected Pyridinium Oximes in Human SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cell Line

Pyridinium oximes are pharmacologically important nucleophylic agents acting as effective antidotes against poisoning by organophosphorus compounds that inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7.). In this study, the cytotoxicity of 1-phenacylpyridinium-4-aldoxime chloride (FEPA-4) was analyzed in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line highly expressing acetylcholinesterase. The concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mmol dm–3 and time-dependent effects at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours were tested in comparison with non-treated cells. In addition, neuroblastoma cells were treated with a well known antidote 1,1\u27-bis(pyridinium-4-aldoxime)trimethylene dibromide (TMB-4) at the concentration of 0.8 mmol dm–3, the highest studied concentration which in several non-neural cellular models induced no cytotoxicity. Cytotoxic effects i.e. altered cellular morphology and decreased cellular volume density quantified by stereological method were observed in FEPA-4 treated cells, while no cytotoxic effect was observed for 0.8 mmol dm–3 TMB-4. Possible mechanisms of observed FEPA-4 cytotoxicity in neuroblastoma cells are discussed