The impact of Sure Start local programmes on seven year olds and their families

This research report presents the findings of a longitudinal study into the impact of Sure Start local programmes (SSLPs) on 7-year-olds and their families. In assessing the impact of SSLPs on child and family functioning over time, the evaluation followed up over 5,000 7-year-olds and their families in 150 SSLP areas who were initially studied when the children were 9 months and 3- and 5-years-old

National evaluation of Sure Start local programmes: an economic perspective

The first 524 Sure Start local programmes (SSLPs) were established between 1999 and 2003. They were aimed at families with children up to the age of 4 living in disadvantaged areas. The aim was to bring together early education, childcare, health services and family support to promote the physical, intellectual and social development of babies and children. This report discusses the economic issues arising out of the evaluation of the impact of Sure Start local programmes in England. It takes the outcomes for children and families at the age of five years reported in the National Evaluation of Sure Start and where possible estimates economic values for those outcomes. Where a direct estimation of economic value is not possible at this stage, probable sources of future economic values are discussed. It should be read in conjunction with the impact report, which describes the details of the methodology of the study and the full range of outcomes for children and their families when the children were 5-years-old

The impact of Sure Start Local Programmes on five year olds and their families

The ultimate goal of Sure Start Local Programmes (SSLPs) was to enhance the life chances for young children growing up in disadvantaged neighbourhoods. Children in these communities are at risk of doing poorly at school, having trouble with peers and agents of authority (i.e., parents, teachers), and ultimately experiencing compromised life chances. In this report children and families who were seen at 9 months and 3 years of age in the NESS or MCS longitudinal studies are compared to determine whether differences in child and family functioning found at 3 years of age persist until 5 years of age, and whether any other differences emerge

The impact of Sure Start local programmes on three-year-olds and their families

This evaluation found that living in a Sure Start Local Programme (SSLP) area was associated with positive impacts on 5 of the 14 outcomes investigated. The analysis of the most recent data shows beneficial effects for almost all children and families living in SSLP areas and provides almost no evidence of adverse effects on population sub-groups such as workless or lone-parent families. These results are in marked contrast to the findings of the initial study published in 2005. Although methodological variations may account for differences in findings across the two phases of the evaluation, the researchers argue that it is eminently possible that the differing results accurately reflect the contrasting experiences of SSLP children and families in the two phases. They argue that the three-year-olds in the latest study have benefited from exposure to more mature and developed local programmes throughout their young lives

The quality of group childcare settings used by 3-4 year old children in Sure Start local programme areas and the relationship with child outcomes (Research report DFE-RR068)

"Influenced by research indicating long-term benefits of early childhood programmes for disadvantaged children, the Government of the time set up Sure Start Local Programmes (SSLPs) from 1998 to reduce child poverty and social exclusion. By 2004, 524 SSLPs targeted families with children 0-4 years of age in the 20% most deprived communities. In 2005 it was decided to develop SSLPs further by turning them into children’s centres and roll out the programme nationally, ensuring that comprehensive early education and family support services are available for every community. The National Evaluation of Sure Start has been undertaking research relevant to the development of SSLPs since 2001. This part of the study focuses on 150 SSLP areas from the first four rounds of SSLPs, which are all in deprived areas." - Page iii

The health and development of children born to older mothers in the United Kingdom: observational study using longitudinal cohort data

Objective: To assess relations between children’s health and development and maternal age. Design: Observational study of longitudinal cohorts. Setting: Millennium Cohort Study (a random sample of UK children) and the National Evaluation of Sure Start study (a random sample of children in deprived areas in England), 2001 to 2007. Participants: 31 257 children at age 9 months, 24 781 children at age 3 years, and 22 504 at age 5 years. Main outcome measures: Childhood unintentional injuries and hospital admissions (aged 9 months, 3 years, and 5 years), immunisations (aged 9 months and 3 years), body mass index, language development, and difficulties with social development (aged 3 and 5 years). Results: Associations were independent of personal and family characteristics and parity. The risk of children having unintentional injuries requiring medical attention or being admitted to hospital both declined with increasing maternal age. For example, at three years the risk of unintentional injuries declined from 36.6% for mothers aged 20 to 28.6% for mothers aged 40 and hospital admissions declined, respectively, from 27.1% to 21.6%. Immunisation rates at nine months increased with maternal age from 94.6% for mothers aged 20 to 98.1% for mothers aged 40. At three years, immunisation rates reached a maximum, at 81.3% for mothers aged 27, being lower for younger and older mothers. This was linked to rates for the combined measles, mumps, and rubella immunisation because excluding these resulted in no significant relation with maternal age. An increase in overweight children at ages 3 and 5 years associated with increasing maternal age was eliminated once maternal body mass index was included as a covariate. Language development was associated with improvements with increasing maternal age, with scores for children of mothers aged 20 being lower than those of children of mothers aged 40 by 0.21 to 0.22 standard deviations at ages 3 and 4 years. There were fewer social and emotional difficulties associated with increasing maternal age. Children of teenage mothers had more difficulties than children of mothers aged 40 (difference 0.28 SD at age 3 and 0.16 SD at age 5). Conclusion: Increasing maternal age was associated with improved health and development for children up to 5 years of age

Biological embedding of maternal postpartum depressive symptoms: The potential role of cortisol and telomere length.

Although maternal postpartum depressive symptoms (PDS) are associated with child behavior problems, the underlying biological mechanisms are poorly understood. Thus, the current study focused on 193 healthy mother-child dyads and investigated child cortisol and telomere length as potential mediating factors. At 3 and 6 months postpartum, mothers reported on PDS. At age 6, children provided saliva and buccal swab samples. At age 10, mothers and children reported on child behavior problems. Structural equation modelling revealed (a) no association between PDS and child behavior problems and thus no possibility of mediation, but that (b) lower cortisol forecast more child-reported internalizing problems, and (c) shorter telomere length predicted more child-reported internalizing and externalizing problems. These findings raise mediational questions about the determinants of these biomarkers

Is the prediction of adolescent outcomes from early child care moderated by later maternal sensitivity? Results from the nichd study of early child care and youth development.

Longitudinal data are used to examine whether effects of early child care are amplified and/or attenuated by later parenting. Analyses tested these interactions using parenting as both a categorical and continuous variable to balance power and flexibility in testing moderation. The most consistent finding was that maternal sensitivity during adolescence accentuated the association between child care quality and adolescent academic-cognitive skills at age 15 years when maternal sensitivity during adolescence was high. This interaction was obtained in analyses with maternal sensitivity as both a categorical and continuous variable. Relations between early child care hours and adolescent behavioral outcomes also were moderated by maternal sensitivity, with longer child care hours predicting more impulsivity and externalizing at age 15 when maternal sensitivity during middle childhood, scored as a categorical variable, was low to moderate and when maternal sensitivity during adolescence, scored as a continuous variable, was lower. These findings suggest that some child care effects are moderated by subsequent parenting and that this moderation may take both linear and nonlinear forms

KECINTAAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PRODUK SEPATU BUATAN CIBADUYUT DAN KONDISI EKONOMI PENGRAJIN SEPATU DI KAWASAN WISATA BELANJA CIBADUYUT

Bandung terkenal dengan berbagai destinasi wisatanya, salah satunya adalah Cibaduyut yang terkenal dengan produk sepatunya. Ketenaran Cibaduyut memang tidak pudar sampai saat ini, namun banyaknya produk sepatu buatan luar Cibaduyut yang masuk ke Cibaduyut akan menjadi masalah jika nantinya konsumen akan lebih memilih produk sepatu buatan luar Cibaduyut dibanding buatan Cibaduyut sendiri. Penelitian ini betujuan untuk mengetahui keadaan kecintaan Masyarakat terhadap produk sepatu buatan Cibaduyut, keadaan ekonomi pengrajin sepatu di Cibaduyut dan adanya keterkaitan dari dua keadaan tersebut. Dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Data dan informasi mengenai pengrajin sepatu cibaduyut diperoleh dari data primer dan sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara menyebar kuesioner dan wawancara dengan Pemilik Bengkel Sepatu, Pengrajin Sepatu, litbang Kelurahan Cibaduyut, litbang Kecamatan Bojongloa Kidul dan litbang Sub Unit Pengembangan IKM Persepatuan Cibaduyut. Metode analisis data menggunakan Analisis statistika deskriptif dan analisa korelasi. Dalam penelitian ini didapatkan hasil kondisi kecintaan Masyarakat terhadap produk sepatu buatan Cibaduyut dalam kategori rendah (47782) dan kondisi ekonomi pengrajin sepatu di Cibaduyut masih dalam kategori rendah (2489) dan dari kedua keadaan tersebut ditemukan hubungan yang sangat kuat (0,971). Dan penlitian ini menunjukan harus adanya upaya dari masyarakat dalam meningkatkan kecintaanya terhadap produk sepatu buatan Cibaduyut agar keadaan ekonomi pengrajin sepatu di Cibaduyut kembali membaik.;---Bandung is famous for its variety of Tourism destinations , one of them is the well-known Cibaduyut. Cibaduyut famous with their original shoe product and fame did not fade until recently, but the large number of products of artificial outer shoe Cibaduyut will be a problem if later consumers will prefer artificial shoes products outside Cibaduyut. The purpose of this research was to investigate the State of the love of the public towards the artificial Cibaduyut shoes products, State of the economy in Cibaduyut shoe craftsmen and the interconnectedness of the two States. In this study the researcher employed descriptive method quantitative approach. Data and information regarding the cibaduyut shoe craftsmen gained from primary and secondary data. Data collection done by spreading the questionnaires and interviews with the owner of a Shoe repair shop, a shoe Craftsman, people at Cibaduyut Village, people at Cibaduyut Subdistrict and people at the IKM Cibaduyut Shoe Craraftsmen. Data analysis using the method of descriptive statistics analysis and correlation analysis. In this study the results obtained as a condition of the love of the public towards the artificial Cibaduyut shoe products are in the low category (47782) and economic condition of shoe craftsmen in Cibaduyut are in the low category (2489) and both of them have a very strong relationship (0,971). And these studies indicate there should be an efforts from the community in improving his fondness towards the products of artificial Cibaduyut shoe so that the State of the economy shoe craftsmen in Cibaduyut back improves

Effects of maternal sensitivity on low birth weight children's academic achievement : a test of differential susceptibility versus diathesis stress

Background: Differential Susceptibility Theory (DST) postulates that some children are more affected – for better and for worse – by developmental experiences, including parenting, than others. Low birth weight (LBW, 1,500–2,499 g) may not only be a predictor for neurodevelopmental impairment but also a marker for prenatally programmed susceptibility. The aim was to test if effects of sensitive parenting on LBW and very LBW (VLBW, <1,500 g) versus normal birth weight (NBW, ≥2,500 g) children's academic achievement are best explained by a differential susceptibility versus diathesis-stress model of person-X-environment interaction. Methods: Nine hundred and twenty-two children ranging from 600 g to 5,140 g birth weight were studied as part of a prospective, geographically defined, longitudinal investigation of neonatal at-risk children in South Germany (Bavarian Longitudinal Study). Sensitive parenting during a structured mother–child interaction task was observed and rated at age 6 years. Academic achievement was assessed with standardized mathematic, reading, and spelling/writing tests at age 8 years. Results: Maternal sensitivity positively predicted the academic achievement of both LBW (n = 283) and VLBW (n = 202) children. Confirmatory-comparative and model-fitting analysis (testing LBW vs. NBW and VLBW vs. NBW) indicated that LBW and VLBW children were more susceptible than NBW to the adverse effects of low-sensitive, but not beneficial effects of high-sensitive parenting. Conclusions: Findings proved more consistent with the diathesis stress than differential-susceptibility model of person-X-environment interaction: LBW and VLBW children's exposure to positive parenting predicted catch-up to their NBW peers, whereas exposure to negative parenting predicted much poorer functioning