The ‘PAThs’ Project: An Effort to Represent the Physical Dimension of Coptic Literary Production (Third–Eleventh centuries)

PAThs – Tracking Papyrus and Parchment Paths: An Archaeological Atlas of Coptic Literature. Literary Texts in their Geographical Context. Production, Copying, Usage, Dissemination and Storage is an ambitious digital project based in Rome, working towards a new historical and archaeological geography of the Coptic literary tradition. This aim implies a number of auxiliary tasks and challenges, including classification of authors, works, titles, colophons, and codicological units, as well as the study and wherever possible exact mapping of the relevant geographical sites related to the production, circulation, and storage of manuscript

PAThs: sulla creazione di un geo-database aperto dedicato all’Egitto tardoantico e medievale

PAThs - Tracking Papyrus and Parchment Paths: An Archaeological Atlas of Coptic Literature (P.I. Paola Buzi) is an ERC Advance project based at the Sapienza University of Rome. It focuses on compiling a catalogue of literary manuscripts in Coptic language, organized by their archaeological and geographical contexts. The Atlas is an open access publishing platform, built on the top of open source technologies and backed up by a web database based on Bradypus system, a MIT licensed RDBMS highly specialized in the management of archaeological and other cultural heritage data. The Atlas and the web database are being constructed to become a linking hub for automated access to the data by third party software and other applications. Specific interconnecting output formats (mainly RDF) are being developed to link this platform to other collaborative systems (such as those developed by Pelagios Commons) utilizing geographical representation, i.e. places, as a common reference point

Recommendations for Medical Education in Taiwan

The purpose of the new project presented in these pages is to offer an innovative approach to the study of the evolution of Coptic literature and, more specifically, to the corpus of writings produced in Egypt between the third and the late eleventh centuries, and expressed in the different dialects of the Coptic language. Its aim is to provide a new perspective on the cultural landscape of Christian Egypt by interweaving literary, historical, codicological and archaeological data, and producing a series of scholarly tools, till now unavailable, in a digital environment, including an archaeological Atlas of late antique and early mediaeval Coptic literature that will be searchable at different chronological, regional and thematic levels. As part of the above-described research activities and goals, a complete catalogue of the Coptic papyrus codices preserved in the Museo Egizio will be produced, as well as an edition of their titles and scribal subscriptions. The fragmentary codices in question, purchased in Egypt by Bernardino Drovetti in the 1820s, are a unique example of an entire well-preserved late antique institutional library – very likely originally belonging to the cathedral of This/Thinis – reflecting the literary tastes and dogmatic orientations before what can be defined as the ninth-century Coptic book revolution, which significantly changed bookmaking in Christian Egypt. The library of Thi(ni)s is a crucial and transitional instance in the history of Coptic books, which saw on the one hand the creation of new codicological and palaeographical features and on the other the progressive emergence of multiple-text codices

Genetic dissection reveals diabetes loci proximal to the gimap5 lymphopenia gene

rats are protected from type 1 diabetes (T1D) by 34 Mb of F344 DNA introgressed proximal to the gimap5 lymphopenia gene. To dissect the genetic factor(s) that confer protection from T1D in the DRF. f/f rat line, DRF. f/f rats were crossed to inbred BBDR or DR. lyp/lyp rats to generate congenic sublines that were genotyped and monitored for T1D, and positional candidate genes were sequenced. All (100%) DR. f/f congenic sublines further refined the RNO4 region 1 interval to ϳ670 kb and region 2 to the 340 kb proximal to gimap5. All congenic DRF. f/f sublines were prone to low-grade pancreatic mononuclear cell infiltration around ducts and vessels, but Ͻ20% of islets in nondiabetic rats showed islet infiltration. Coding sequence analysis revealed TCR V␤ 8E, 12, and 13 as candidate genes in region 1 and znf467 and atp6v0e2 as candidate genes in region 2. Our results show that spontaneous T1D is controlled by at least two genetic loci 7 Mb apart on rat chromosome 4. type 1 diabetes; BB rat; T cell receptor; autoimmune CHARACTERISTICS OF TYPE 1 DIABETES (T1D) in both human and the BioBreeding spontaneously diabetes-prone (BBDP) rat include polyuria, hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, insulitis, and insulin dependency for life. As in human T1D, islets are infiltrated by mononuclear cells at the time of onset with rapid hyperglycemia due to a complete loss of islet ␤-cells (32). The genetic etiology of human T1D remains complex and although the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) (HLA DQ) on chromosome 6 accounts for ϳ40% of T1D risk, the number of non-HLA genetic factors is increasing steadily (2, 7). The BB rat offers a powerful model to dissect both genetic contributions and mechanisms by which immunemediated beta cell killing induces T1D (3, 4, 15, 17-21, 27, 28, 46). As in humans, the major genetic determinant of susceptibility in the BB rat is the MHC (Iddm1) on rat chromosome (RNO) 20. The class II MHC locus RT1B/D. u/u ), an ortholog of human HLA DQ (9), is necessary but not sufficient for T1D in the BBDP rat and other RT1. u/u -related rat strains with spontaneous (24, 47) or induced T1D (8, 43). In BBDP, a null mutation in the gimap5 gene (lyp; Iddm2) on RNO4 (14, 27) causes lymphopenia and is tightly linked to spontaneous T1D development. The DR. lyp/lyp rat with 2 Mb of BBDP DNA encompassing gimap5 introgressed into the genome of related BBDR rats (BioBreeding resistant to spontaneous T1D) are also 100% lymphopenic and 100% spontaneously diabetic (11). With complete T1D penetrance and tight regulation of onset, the congenic DR. lyp/lyp rat line offers distinct advantages in identification of genes responsible for disease progression. It is possible to induce T1D in BBDR rats (32) and related RT1 u/u rats (8) by administration of polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid (poly I:C, an activator of innate immunity), the T reg depleting cytotoxic DS4.23 anti-ART2.1 (formerly RT6) monoclonal antibody or by viral infection (34). This indicates that the BBDR has an underlying genetic susceptibility to T1D. In crosses between WF and either BBDP or BBDR rats, a quantitative trait locus (QTL) important for induced T1D (Iddm14, previously designated Iddm4) was mapped to RNO4 (6, Interestingly, F344 DNA introgressed between D4Rat253 and D4Rhw6 into the congenic DR. lyp/lyp genetic background resulted in a lymphopenic but nondiabetic rat (designated DRF. f/f ) (11). Protection from T1D in the DRF. f/f congenic rat line led us to conclude that spontaneous T1D in the BB rat is controlled, in part, by a diabetogenic factor(s) independent of the gimap5 mutation (76.84 Mb) on RNO4. This congenic interval is encompassed within Iddm14, raising the possibility that the Iddm14 locus could be required for both spontaneous and induced T1D in the BB rat. The aim of this study was to cross the DRF. f/f rat to BBDR and DR. lyp/lyp rats and produce recombinant sublines that could be assessed for both lymphopenia and diabetes and to estimate the number of independent genes on RNO4 that control spontaneous T1D