Perspectives sobre el context en educació científica : aproximacions teòriques i implicacions per a la pràctica educativa

Seminari organitzat pel grup de recerca LIEC (Llenguatge i Educació Científica) pertanyent al Departament de Didàctica de la Matemàtica i les Ciències Experimentals de la Facultat de Ciències de l'Educació de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.El grup de recerca LIEC (Llenguatge i Ensenyament de les ciències) durant el curs 2012-13 ha focalitzat part del seu treball en aprofundir tan a nivell teòric com pràctic sobre el paper que el context té en l'ensenyament de les ciències i en la transferència dels coneixements apresos. Aquest treball s'ha difós en diferents àmbits com la presentació d' un simposi al congrés 2013 ESERA celebrat a Xipre que ha recollit les aportacions de diferents especialistes en didàctica de les ciències ibero-americans sobre la diversitat de perspectives en la conceptualització i aplicació pràctica del context en l'educació científica. També en el marc del IX Congreso de Investigación en Didáctica de las Ciencias celebrat a Girona s'ha presentat un simposi sobre la promoció i el desenvolupament de competències científiques a partir d'activitats en context. Aquest seminari pretén continuar la reflexió tot generant un espai més ampli per a aprofundir de manera crítica sobre les aportacions teòriques i pràctiques de diferents perspectives que s'utilitzen actualment per comprendre el context en la didàctica de les ciències. La metodologia de treball s'estructurarà al voltant de set contribucions temàtiques amb la finalitat d'animar una discussió per part de tots els participants que faci emergir els reptes que planteja la contextualització en l'educació científica

How does neighbourhood socio-economic status affect the interrelationships between functioning dimensions in first episode of psychosis? A network analysis approach

The links between psychosis and socio-economic disadvantage have been widely studied. No previous study has analysed the interrelationships and mutual influences between functioning dimensions in first episode of psychosis (FEP) according to their neighbourhood household income, using a multidimensional and transdiagnostic perspective. 170 patients and 129 controls, participants in an observational study (AGES-CM), comprised the study sample. The WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0) was used to assess functioning, whereas participants' postcodes were used to obtain the average household income for each neighbourhood, collected by the Spanish National Statistics Institute (INE). Network analyses were conducted with the aim of defining the interrelationships between the different dimensions of functioning according to the neighbourhood household income. Our results show that lower neighbourhood socioeconomic level is associated with lower functioning in patients with FEP. Moreover, our findings suggest that “household responsibilities” plays a central role in the disability of patients who live in low-income neighbourhoods, whereas “dealing with strangers” is the most important node in the network of patients who live in high-income neighbourhoods. These results could help to personalize treatments, by allowing the identification of potential functioning areas to be prioritized in the treatment of FEP according to the patient's neighbourhood characteristic

Plan de Acción Tutorial para nuevos estudiantes de la Facultad de Economía y Empresa

Memoria ID-010. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2021-2022

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

TIC Y SISTEMAS INTELIGENTES como herramientas de soporte para el manejo, educación y prevención del trauma

La corporación ecuatoriana para el desarrollo de la investigación y la academia,. CEDIA, promueve la exploración y resultados de proyectos innovadores que vinculan a instituciones ecuatorianas. A inicios del año 2014, CEDIA conformó grupos de trabajo en varias áreas d einterés; una de ellas fue Telemedicina y Telesalud debido al gran impacto que tiene dentro de la investigación. Este grupo cuenta con la participación de seis universidades ecuatorianas: Universidad de Cuenca, Universidad Salesiana, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Universidad del Azuay, Universidad Regional Autónoma de los Andes y Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo. El objetivo de este grupo de trabajo es fortalecer, impulsar y motivar actividades de investigación entre las instituciones miembros de CEDIA en bienestar d ela comunidad. En este libro se visualiza el trabajo realizado por el Grupo de Trabajo en temas de trauma utilizando múltiples formas de tecnología, desde aplicaciones móviles, e-learning, objetos de aprendizaje, hasta sistemas de recolección automatizada de datos; desarrollando programas que impactan en la atención de la salud en el área pre-hospitalaria, prevención de lesiones, registro de trauma, modalidades de educación y aprendizaje, mediante el uso de las TIC

In COVID-19 Health Messaging, Loss Framing Increases Anxiety with Little-to-No Concomitant Benefits: Experimental Evidence from 84 Countries

The COVID-19 pandemic (and its aftermath) highlights a critical need to communicate health information effectively to the global public. Given that subtle differences in information framing can have meaningful effects on behavior, behavioral science research highlights a pressing question: Is it more effective to frame COVID-19 health messages in terms of potential losses (e.g., "If you do not practice these steps, you can endanger yourself and others") or potential gains (e.g., "If you practice these steps, you can protect yourself and others")? Collecting data in 48 languages from 15,929 participants in 84 countries, we experimentally tested the effects of message framing on COVID-19-related judgments, intentions, and feelings. Loss- (vs. gain-) framed messages increased self-reported anxiety among participants cross-nationally with little-to-no impact on policy attitudes, behavioral intentions, or information seeking relevant to pandemic risks. These results were consistent across 84 countries, three variations of the message framing wording, and 560 data processing and analytic choices. Thus, results provide an empirical answer to a global communication question and highlight the emotional toll of loss-framed messages. Critically, this work demonstrates the importance of considering unintended affective consequences when evaluating nudge-style interventions

A global experiment on motivating social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic

Finding communication strategies that effectively motivate social distancing continues to be a global public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-country, preregistered experiment (n = 25,718 from 89 countries) tested hypotheses concerning generalizable positive and negative outcomes of social distancing messages that promoted personal agency and reflective choices (i.e., an autonomy-supportive message) or were restrictive and shaming (i.e., a controlling message) compared with no message at all. Results partially supported experimental hypotheses in that the controlling message increased controlled motivation (a poorly internalized form of motivation relying on shame, guilt, and fear of social consequences) relative to no message. On the other hand, the autonomy-supportive message lowered feelings of defiance compared with the controlling message, but the controlling message did not differ from receiving no message at all. Unexpectedly, messages did not influence autonomous motivation (a highly internalized form of motivation relying on one’s core values) or behavioral intentions. Results supported hypothesized associations between people’s existing autonomous and controlled motivations and self-reported behavioral intentions to engage in social distancing. Controlled motivation was associated with more defiance and less long-term behavioral intention to engage in social distancing, whereas autonomous motivation was associated with less defiance and more short- and long-term intentions to social distance. Overall, this work highlights the potential harm of using shaming and pressuring language in public health communication, with implications for the current and future global health challenges

A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries and regions (n = 21,644) were randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) or one of two control conditions (active or passive). Results revealed that both reappraisal interventions (vesus both control conditions) consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions across different measures. Reconstrual and repurposing interventions had similar effects. Importantly, planned exploratory analyses indicated that reappraisal interventions did not reduce intentions to practice preventive health behaviours. The findings demonstrate the viability of creating scalable, low-cost interventions for use around the world

Characterization of hydrocarbonoclastic marine bacteria using the 16s rRNA gene: A microcosm case study

Some marine microorganisms can degrade oil pollutants by using them as their sole carbon and energy sources. Members of this heterogenic group are called hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria. However, an unestimated number of hydrocarbonoclastic marine bacteria have not yet been characterized. In this context, a microcosm study was carried out, simulating a marine environment contaminated with oil in Upstream Flow Bioreactors (UFB). Eleven bacterial isolates were characterized from these microcosms. The taxonomic position of the bacteria identified was determined by partial sequencing of the gene 16S rRNA in 4 major genera: Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Halomonas and Haererehalobacter. This research demonstrated the presence of hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria recognized in consortia and provides additional information about Haererehalobater a new genera of hydrocarbonoclastic marine bacteria. The outlook for better understanding of the diversity of hydrocarbonoclastic marine bacteria and potential uses in bioremediation and other biotechnological processes is discussedAlgunos microorganismos marinos pueden degradar contaminantes derivados del petróleo usándolos como única fuente de carbono y energía. Este grupo heterogéneo es llamado bacterias hidrocarburoclásticas. Sin embargo, se subestima a aquellas bacterias hidrocarburoclásticas que aun no han sido caracterizadas. En este contexto, se llevo a cabo un estudio de microcosmos simulando un ambiente marino impactado con petróleo, en Biorreactores de Flujo Ascendente (BFA). A partir de estos microcosmos fueron caracterizados once aislamientos bacterianos. Se determinó la ubicación taxonómica de las bacterias identificadas en 4 géneros principales por secuenciación parcial del gen ARNr 16S: Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Halomonas y Haererehalobacter. La investigación demostró la presencia de bacterias hidrocarburoclásticas reconocidas en consorcios y proporcionó información adicional acerca de Haererehalobater como un nuevo género de bacterias marinas hidrocarburoclásticas. Desde esta perspectiva, se pretendió aportar al conocimiento de la diversidad de las bacterias marinas hidrocarburoclásticas y su uso potencial en biorremediación y otros procesos biotecnológico

Characterization of hydrocarbonoclastic marine bacteria using the 16s rrna gene: a microcosm case study

Algunos microorganismos marinos pueden degradar contaminantes derivados del petróleo usándolos como única fuente de carbono y energía. Este grupo heterogéneo es llamado bacterias hidrocarburoclásticas. Sin embargo, se subestima a aquellas bacterias hidrocarburoclásticas que aun no han sido caracterizadas. En este contexto, se llevo a cabo un estudio de microcosmos simulando un ambiente marino impactado con petróleo, en Biorreactores de Flujo Ascendente (BFA). A partir de estos microcosmos fueron caracterizados once aislamientos bacterianos. Se determinó la ubicación taxonómica de las bacterias identificadas en 4 géneros principales por secuenciación parcial del gen ARNr 16S: Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Halomonas y Haererehalobacter. La investigación demostró la presencia de bacterias hidrocarburoclásticas reconocidas en consorcios y proporcionó información adicional acerca de Haererehalobater como un nuevo género de bacterias marinas hidrocarburoclásticas. Desde esta perspectiva, se pretendió aportar al conocimiento de la diversidad de las bacterias marinas hidrocarburoclásticas y su uso potencial en biorremediación y otros procesos biotecnológicos