大腸腫瘍性病変の拾い上げ診断における透明フードを併用した自家蛍光内視鏡の有用性:前向き無作為化比較試験

BACKGROUND: Colonoscopy is one of the most reliable methods for detection of colorectal neoplasms, but conventional colonoscopy can miss some lesions. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of autofluorescence imaging (AFI) with a transparent hood (TH) for detection of colorectal neoplasms. DESIGN: A 2 × 2 factorial designed, prospective, randomized, controlled trial. SETTING: This study was conducted at the Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, a tertiary cancer center. PATIENTS: A total of 561 patients. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were allocated to 1 of 4 groups: (1) white light imaging (WLI) alone--colonoscopy using WLI without a TH; (2) WLI+TH--colonoscopy using WLI with a TH; (3) AFI alone--colonoscopy using AFI without a TH; and (4) AFI+TH--colonoscopy using AFI with a TH. Eight colonoscopists used each allocated method. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT: The difference in neoplasm detection rate (number of detected neoplasms per patient) between the WLI alone and AFI+TH groups. RESULTS: Neoplasm detection rate (95% confidence interval) in the AFI+TH group was significantly higher than in the WLI alone group (1.96 [1.50-2.43] vs 1.19 [0.93-1.44]; P = .023, Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison test). Relative detection ratios (95% confidence interval) for polypoid neoplasms based on Poisson regression model were significantly increased by mounting a TH (1.69 [1.34-2.12], P < .001), and relative detection ratios for flat neoplasms were significantly increased by AFI observation (1.83 [1.24-2.71], P = .002). LIMITATIONS: Open trial performed in single cancer referral center. CONCLUSION: AFI colonoscopy with a TH detected significantly more colorectal neoplasms than did conventional WLI colonoscopy without a TH.博士（医学）・乙1327号・平成26年3月17

Comprehensive investigation of areae gastricae pattern in gastric corpus using magnifying narrow band imaging endoscopy in patients with chronic atrophic fundic gastritis.

Background:  Barium radiographic studies have suggested the importance of evaluating areae gastricae pattern for the diagnosis of gastritis. Significance of endoscopic appearance of areae gastricae in the diagnosis of chronic atrophic fundic gastritis (CAFG) was investigated by image-enhanced endoscopy. Materials and Methods:  Endoscopic images of the corpus lesser curvature were studied in 50 patients with CAFG. Extent of CAFG was evaluated with autofluorescence imaging endoscopy. The areae gastricae pattern was evaluated with 0.2% indigo carmine chromoendoscopy. Micro-mucosal structure was examined with magnifying chromoendoscopy and narrow band imaging. Results:  In patients with small extent of CAFG, polygonal areae gastricae separated by a narrow intervening part of areae gastricae was observed, whereas in patients with wide extent of CAFG, the size of the areae gastricae decreased and the width of the intervening part of areae gastricae increased (p < 0.001). Most areae gastricae showed a foveola-type micro-mucosal structure (82.7%), while intervening part of areae gastricae had a groove-type structure (98.0%, p < 0.001). Groove-type mucosa had a higher grade of atrophy (p < 0.001) and intestinal metaplasia (p < 0.001) compared with foveola type. Conclusions:  As extent of CAFG widened, multifocal groove-type mucosa that had high-grade atrophy and intestinal metaplasia developed among areae gastricae and increased along the intervening part of areae gastricae. Our observations facilitate our understanding of the development and progression of CAFG

The Effect of Viscosity of Oral Moisturizers and Residual Ridge Form on the Retention Force of Maxillary Complete Dentures

Aim: To study the effects of viscosity of oral moisturizers and residual ridge form on theretention force of maxillary complete dentures.Methods: Thirty-five maxillary edentulous participants were recruited. Three types of oralmoisturizers with different viscosities, artificial saliva, and denture adhesive were used. Thesewere applied between the intaglio surface of the denture and basal seat mucosa. The centralincisor was loaded 45° upward to the occlusal plane. The force needed to dislodge the denturewas measured using a digital force gauge. Dental impressions of the polished surfaces andintaglio surfaces of the maxillary complete dentures were obtained. Then, duplicate dentureswere cast using auto polymerizing acrylic resin. The buccolingual molar residual ridge form wasassessed using the dental impressions. The duplicate denture was used to measure the positionalrelationship of the central incisor edge, anterior residual ridge crest, and posterior border ofdentures. The effect of residual ridge form on retention force was analyzed.Results: The gel-type oral moisturizer showed significantly greater retention than theother types (P < .05). The retention force and buccolingual molar residual ridge form were notcorrelated. As the ratio of the distance from the central incisor to the anterior residual ridgecrest and the distance from the anterior residual ridge crest to the posterior denture borderincreased, retention force decreased (r = -0.352; P < .01).Conclusion: The results indicate that the retention force of dentures is affected by oralmoisturizer viscosity and the relative position of the anterior residual ridge crest

Persistent Exposure to Mycoplasma Induces Malignant Transformation of Human Prostate Cells

Recent epidemiologic, genetic, and molecular studies suggest infection and inflammation initiate certain cancers, including those of the prostate. The American Cancer Society, estimates that approximately 20% of all worldwide cancers are caused by infection. Mycoplasma, a genus of bacteria that lack a cell wall, are among the few prokaryotes that can grow in close relationship with mammalian cells, often without any apparent pathology, for extended periods of time. In this study, the capacity of Mycoplasma genitalium, a prevalent sexually transmitted infection, and Mycoplasma hyorhinis, a mycoplasma found at unusually high frequency among patients with AIDS, to induce a malignant phenotype in benign human prostate cells (BPH-1) was evaluated using a series of in vitro and in vivo assays. After 19 weeks of culture, infected BPH-1 cells achieved anchorage-independent growth and increased migration and invasion. Malignant transformation of infected BPH-1 cells was confirmed by the formation of xenograft tumors in athymic mice. Associated with these changes was an increase in karyotypic entropy, evident by the accumulation of chromosomal aberrations and polysomy. This is the first report describing the capacity of M. genitalium or M. hyorhinis infection to lead to the malignant transformation of benign human epithelial cells and may serve as a model to further study the relationship between prostatitis and prostatic carcinogenesis

DOCK2 is involved in the host genetics and biology of severe COVID-19

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19疾患感受性遺伝子DOCK2の重症化機序を解明 --アジア最大のバイオレポジトリーでCOVID-19の治療標的を発見--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-10.Identifying the host genetic factors underlying severe COVID-19 is an emerging challenge. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 2, 393 cases of COVID-19 in a cohort of Japanese individuals collected during the initial waves of the pandemic, with 3, 289 unaffected controls. We identified a variant on chromosome 5 at 5q35 (rs60200309-A), close to the dedicator of cytokinesis 2 gene (DOCK2), which was associated with severe COVID-19 in patients less than 65 years of age. This risk allele was prevalent in East Asian individuals but rare in Europeans, highlighting the value of genome-wide association studies in non-European populations. RNA-sequencing analysis of 473 bulk peripheral blood samples identified decreased expression of DOCK2 associated with the risk allele in these younger patients. DOCK2 expression was suppressed in patients with severe cases of COVID-19. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis (n = 61 individuals) identified cell-type-specific downregulation of DOCK2 and a COVID-19-specific decreasing effect of the risk allele on DOCK2 expression in non-classical monocytes. Immunohistochemistry of lung specimens from patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia showed suppressed DOCK2 expression. Moreover, inhibition of DOCK2 function with CPYPP increased the severity of pneumonia in a Syrian hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, characterized by weight loss, lung oedema, enhanced viral loads, impaired macrophage recruitment and dysregulated type I interferon responses. We conclude that DOCK2 has an important role in the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of severe COVID-19, and could be further explored as a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target