131 research outputs found
Utjecaj terapije za astmu na cerebrovaskularnu bolest i neurodegeneraciju
After a short time of clinical experience, COX-2 inhibitors such as Viox and Rofecoxib were removed from the market because they increased the incidence of stroke and acute myocardial infarction. Recent studies have shown that COX-1/COX-2 inhibitors also have very similar side effects. The next step in asthma therapy was the introduction of 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors (Zileuton) and Cysleukotriene antagonists (Zafirlukast, Montelukast, Prankulast). There was a very good drug response within the first 4-13 weeks in mild or moderate asthma patients but side effects such as hypersensitivity reactions, dyspepsia, elevations of liver function tests and increased bleeding tendency were also present (large trials). At this point, we should ask ourselves what should be the alternative and strategies in asthma therapy, which would not affect other systems. Some recent studies have shown that there are some 6% of people in the population who have variant 5-LOX genotype (lacking the common allele) and increase in inflammatory products and intima-media thickness as well. Also, there are a number of studies investigating dietary intake of n-6 (arachidonic acid) and n-3 polyunsaturated (eicosapentaenoic acid) fatty acids, and its effect on leukotriene synthesis. Eicosapentaenoic acid is a poor substrate for COX-2 and the products of eicosapentaenoic acid inflammatory eicosanoids of series 3 and 5 are less inflammatory potent than the products of arachidonic acid inflammatory eicosanoids of series 4. We suggest that asthma patients should substitute n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids with n-3 polyunsaturated acids in their daily diet in order to decrease eicosanoid series 2 and 4 production and to prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders and neurodegeneration.Nakon kratkotrajne primjene u kliniÄkoj praksi COX-2 inhibitori Viox i Rofecobix su povuÄeni s tržiÅ”ta, jer su primijeÄene nuspojave u smislu poveÄanja incidencije moždanog i srÄanog udara. KliniÄke studije su pokazale da COX-1/COX-2 inhibitori imaju vrlo sliÄne nuspojave. SlijedeÄi korak u terapiji astme bilo je uvoÄenje 5-LOX inhibitora (Zileuton) i CysLT antagonista (Zafirlukast, Montelukast, Prankulast). Primjena ovih lijekova izazvala je vrlo dobar terapijski odgovor u prvih 4-13 tjedana u bolesnika s blažom i srednje jakom astmom, no zabilježene su i nuspojave kao Å”to su alergijske reakcije, dispepsija, poviÅ”ene vrijednosti jetrenih proba, poveÄana sklonost krvarenju. RazmatrajuÄi sve ove Äinjenice postavlja se pitanje uÄinkovite terapije astme koja neÄe utjecati na druge organske sustave. U opÄoj populaciji oko 6% ljudi ima 5-LOX genotip (nedostaje im uobiÄajeni alel) kod kojeg je poveÄana aktivnost 5-LOX, njezinih krajnjih proupalnih proizvoda, a prema nekim istraživanjima i pojaÄana disfunkcija endotela krvnih žila (poveÄan IMT). Brojne studije koje su istraživale utjecaj unosa n-6 (arahidonska kiselina) i n-3 (eikosapentanska kiselina) polinezasiÄenih masnih kiselina na proizvodnju leukotriena pokazale su da je eikosapentanska kiselina loÅ” supstrat za COX-2, te da su proupalni proizvodi serija 3 i 5 manje aktivni od proupalnih proizvoda arahidonske kiseline serija 2 i 4. Upravo zbog tih rezultata poveÄan unos eikosapentanske kiseline u svakodnevnoj prehrani bolesnika smanjio bi opasnost od kardiovaskularnih i cerebrovaskularnih bolesti te neurodegeneracije
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