INVESTIGATING THE IMPACT OF MANURE REMOVAL FREQUENCY ON THE AMOUNT OF PRODUCED POLLUTANTS IN CATTLE HOUSING

The aim of the experiment was to determine the concentrations of harmful gases production in the dairy housing and to compare the difference of measured data in terms of frequency of manure removal. Measuring the concentration of ammonia, methane and carbon dioxide was carried out in summer in three-day cycles when produced excrements were removed every day at 19:00 o\u27clock, and in three-day cycles when removing of excreta was carried out twice a day, in the morning and evening at 5:00 and 19:00 o\u27clock. Microclimatic conditions during the experiment were at a comparable level, ambient temperature was maintained at about 29 °C and relative humidity was 64 %. By comparing the obtained values of production in terms of frequency of waste removal, it has been shown that for removing twice a day, the production of ammonia, carbon dioxide, methane was higher than under manure removal only once a day

VENTILATION RATE AND GREENHOUSE GASES EMISSIONS FROM BROILER CHICKEN HOUSE

Experiment bol zameraný na stanovenie množstva emisií skleníkových plynov z chovnej haly brojlerových kurčiat počas jedného výkrmového turnusu (t. j. 40 dní). Najvyššie hodnoty koncentrácií vodnej pary (H2O), oxidu uhličitého (CO2), oxidu dusného (N2O) a metánu (CH4) boli zistené v prvej dekáde. Zvyšovanie emisií všetkých skleníkových plynov bolo dôsledkom stúpajúcej intenzity vetrania, aj napriek klesajúcej tendencii ich koncentrácií. Za celé obdobie výkrmu sa odviedlo 83.8 . 106 m3 znečisteného vzduchu obsahujúceho 211 314 kg CO2, 5 kg N2O, 1 323 kg CH4 a 178 914 kg H2O.An experiment was carried out to determine emissions of greenhouse gases from broiler chicken house during one fattening period (i.e. 40 days). The greatest concentrations of water vapour (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) were observed in the first ten days. Increasing emissions of all greenhouse gases were as a consequence of increasing ventilation rate, although their concentrations were decreasing. It was released 83.8 . 106 m3 polluted air containing 211 314 kg CO2, 5 kg N2O, 1 323 kg CH4 and 178 914 kg H2O over a period of whole fattening time

Calculation of Failure Probability of Constantly Loaded Cantilever Beam by Monte Carlo Method

In this paper, we demonstrate a probabilistic approach to the design of structures on a cantilever beam with constant load. Individual variables in the mathematical model are not represented deterministically by their specifc values but randomly by probability distributions. Normal distribution is used for all random variables. The resulting probability of failure is calculated using a simple Monte Carlo method, for which a brief overview is also provided in this article. Such a probabilistic proposal is the subject matter of newly emerging feld Reliability of Structures

Monitoring of Gas Production During the Biowaste Composting

The aim of this paper was to monitor the production and composition of gases from the biowaste landfill in terms of the utilized composting process technology. Processing technology of biowaste in the reference sample V1 was without modification; process optimization technology – material homogenization by overturning and irrigation – was used for the second sample V2. Gas measurements (methane, carbon dioxide, ammonia, nitrous oxide) were conducted during the first and sixth weeks after their establishing. At the same time, samples were taken for laboratory determination of the dry matter content of examined materials, pH and C/N ratio. It has been statistically proved that there was a significantly higher gas production in V2, which was overturned and irrigated, than in V1. The measured CO2 values were 2.5 times higher in V2 in comparison to V1. The mean CH4 production in the stack V1 was 96.35 mg·m−3 and 235.9 mg·m−3 in the stack V2, which is 2.5 times more. Due to overturning and irrigation of composted material in the stack V2, the decomposition of microorganisms was faster, which also affected the amount of released gases

Effect of Climatic Conditions on Differences in Thermo-Technical Properties of Organic Bedding in Laboratory Testing

The aim of this experiment was to analyse the influence of climatic factors on the thermal performance of separated liquid manure. The samples of organic bedding were collected from the lying area of dairy housing and preparatory store. The measurement of properties of recycled manure solids (RMS) was carried out in laboratory conditions. Samples were examined with determining the temperature effect on the thermal conductivity λ of ’dry‘ separated liquid manure (with a dry matter content of 60%) and ’wet‘ liquid manure (with a dry matter content of 26%), in air temperatures ranging from 0 °C to 40 °C. Subsequently, the thermal resistance of three selected types of cows lying structures was calculated for winter and summer boundary values. Based on the results of thermal conductivity and thermal resistance, it was observed that dry separated liquid manure as an alternative bedding has, in low temperature (up to 5 °C), the most suitable thermal performance if it is maintained in a dry condition (with a dry matter content of 60%). With increasing temperature (above 20 °C) and increasing humidity of bedding (below 26%), thermo-technical properties get worse; however, when comparing the thermal resistance of the cow bed structure with sandwich mattresses with a 50 mm layer of organic bedding and the deep cubicle filled with 200 mm of organic bedding, the thermal resistance of floor structure decreases by 7.6% or 18.4%, respectively. With a proper handling of the recycled organic bedding, it is possible to use its economic advantages