127 research outputs found
Evaluation of Homogeneity from Ore-bodied in Nigeria for Secondary Mineral Prospective
Samples from ore–bodied areas at different locations in Papalanto and Ifo in Ogun-State, South-West of
Nigeria, where Ewekoro cement industry is situated, were analyzed so as to recover some secondary
minerals of economic value. The following parameters were evaluated, conductivity, turbidity, colour, pH
and other chemical parameters. Variations of Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD),
sulphate, nitrate, phosphate, chloride ion contents, and temperature were also studied. Mineral-forming
heavy metals were in the ranges Fe: 89.0–1080 mg/l; Mg: 869–1120 mg/l; Pb: 23–80 mg/l; Zn: 180-480
mg/l. The concentration of nitrate is 20-35 mg/l; phosphate: 8-80mg/l; Dissolved Oxygen (DO): 30–45
mg/l; Total Dissolved Solids (TDS): 89-900 mg/l; pH: 6.1-8.5; Conductivity: 10-18ÎĽs/cm3 and temperature
ranged between 25-27oC. Also in the tabulation are the results of the homogeneity of four geochemical
explorations from other Nigerian ore-bodied environments for comparison. Correlations of some of the
physical and chemical parameters have been established with the view of providing conditions for the
formation of secondary minerals and the types of such minerals expected from the studied areas. The
minerals may include the following groups of minerals: Adelite, Melilite, Cancrinite and Copriapite. The
study apart from the present knowledge on ore-based baseline also present information on the pollution
studies of the area under investigatio
Maintenance Of Water Through The Development Of Activated Carbon Filter From Local Raw Materials.
111~ aim of til~ work is~~~ tltm:lop actiJ•tttedt:!"bmljilter fronr local ruw:materlttls su#f' 'us ba~1boo a11d cm:ollut;sllells to
ti~UIIJlllill qllu/ltJ• ll'illel' }Or fttltllllll COII!IIIRIJ'!(Oit, by rcn~I)J>/ng odours, CO/our, taste U1f1 fheauculs. To UCfli~lli! tl1e mued
o1111, fill auaeroblc fum~ce tif 9kg capacity wus tleslg,'/l!d iflld developeÂĄ for a'''ilffl''"m operutbllf tel/tpet:aturc of
lOOfi'C. The raw I~UJterlllls 1/Si!tl for. actlVf!ted carbon a{!! ba~tboo ami CII~Jfttut ~lteff,si • A qllalttiry of 6kg ba111boo was
mea&·ured and fed mto tile ftml ace ji~r four /lours of ltell(htg 111 tit~ 11b~te11ce tif ~yg{!JI; a tu. tempern/Jlre of90U' C. The
experiltlettt WIL\' repetltetlll•itll tile st1111e qllautlty of coco1~Ut sflt:lls as tt/ bamboo. : Tkf ~ctivated carbt11i tif tke i11aterials
was. gt01111d &'eparule/)' ill a mortttr wit/1 a pestle, Ulld sie\>6ti1Lf,lng BritMr a!'to sizye f1r9ker of di/Jere11t s~s; wltlc}t was
used to flllfl/yse mutld)• li'IUI!l~ Tl1e result slliJwed tlrat. tlte le••el of coittaifrina!Z{S .i{etie significantly redr(ced,· coconut
activated carbtm· was fi•uml to be beteer th1t11 bamboo lllltl' actiV«ted rviifr filf~'' ti/('!icles is more eff~eiellt itJ Wtller.
filtratio/1. It can dum be cmrcludecl that activatetl ettrbrm from loc«l raHi muteria(f {Ike coco1111t shells tuut [Jumbos,
W/1/ch are CORIIn0/1 iu Aft·icll, Cllll be IISI!d lillllfl{lltJliiiiJllflfi(.J' II'Uter for ftU~IUII cOIISff"fD01t
A STUDY OF Engineering CAREER PROSPECT AMONG ' ' ,· . . ' . . SECONDARY SCHOOL PUPILS IN KADUNA STATE
This study investigate.d students engineering career prospect among
secondary school pupils iu Kaduna state by questionnaires and oral interviews.
Percentage technique was listed to break down ihe data presentation aud
analysis. The reslult shows that 24%, of the total number of respondents are
willing to study engineering, 12% of this number are willit1g to study
agricultural and mechanical engineering, I 3<i~~ civil; 16%, electrical; 10%,
chemical; 20°/o, petroleum, 3%; f(x ceramic and other engineering is 14%. The
performances of the pupils in the required subjects for engineering courses in
the past ten years, that is, 1991 to· 2000 were also revealed. The: average
percentage in English Language and Further Mathematics · is 43.0o/o,
Mathe.nw• ics, 40.3°/o; Physics, 39.7%; Chemistry, 54.7%; Agricultural :science,
83.6'%; Technjca1 Drawing, 46.5%; Economic, 76.6<io, Wood and Metal Works,
57 .1l% .. The average percentage of the prospective engineering pupils for the
past ten years in Kaduna slate was approximately 6o/o, which is very low. This
led to the conclusion that some of tl1e problems responsible for t11is low output
are lack or Htcilitics and inadequate teachers in these science subjects in many
of these schools. Recommendations on how to improve the low output have
been made in the pape
A Study Of Physical Properties OF Selected Nigerian Clays For Furnace Brick Lining Production
The physical properties of some clay deposits from six locations ~pread over
three States in Nigeria have been investigated for furnqce brick lining
(refractory) production The principal jJroperfies of the clays determined
were: sticking point tempera.ture, sinlering temperature, cold crushing
strength, bulk density, appatent porosity, shrinkage/growth and thermal
shock resistance. Shuwari clay has a refractoriness of 150rfC, apparent
porosity, 14.02%, bulk density, 1.88 Mgm·3
• cold crushing strength, 7. 75
MPa. shrinkage/growth, 1.52% and thermal resistance of 6 cycles. Pulka
clay has J sintering temperature of 125rfC wilh corresponding refractoriness
of 140rfC, cold cntshing strength, 9. 25 lvfpa, apparent porosity, 15.87 %,
bulk density, 1.61kfgm-3 and thermal shock resistance 1 cycle. Ngala clay
has a low firing temperatun; of 1 OOO"C, sintering temperature, 120(/'C. Its
cold crushing strength. apparent porosity and thermal shock resistance were
not determined Ubulu-Uku clay sintering temperature was 1700"C, its
estimated refractoriness 1900"C; apparent porosity, 17.0 %, bulk density
1. 70 Mgm-3
, and its estimated ·thermal shock resistance was 14 cycles.
Ememukohwarien clay has sintering temperature of 140ffC. estimated
refractoriness. 1650°C, cold cmshing strength, 7.74 1vfpii, bulk density. of
1. 78 Mgm·3
, apparent porosity, 16.77% and thermal shock resistance of 12
cycles. ljetu clay has sintering temperalure of 145rfC, estimated
refractoriness, 170ifC, cold crushing strength was J 7.21 !vfpa, bulk density,
1. 7 4 Mgm·3
, apparent porosity, 15. 70% and thermal shpck resistance 12
cycles. The possible areas of application of the clays have been suggested in
this paper
ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE LOCALLY FORMULATED CUTTING FLUID
A Locally made cutting fluid emulsion of l5% concentration was formulated.
M:tchinniJility tcsls wca·c condudcd on medium carbon steel using a single point
·high-speed steel (I-ISS) cuHing tools to determine the effectiv~ness of the formulated
cutting fluid. The cutting speeds of 24, 27, 30, 33, and 361\1/min were used. The·
flanks wear land and nose wear of the tool wcr·c measured after each machining
interval using mitutoyo toolmaiH·rs microscope with a magnification of 30. It was
found that the tool wear charadrris(ics and tool life, using the locally formulated
cutting fluid were in close ag:·£_~J1Cllt wiJJLJh~- PTE'!YL<?.!ILJ1'Drks. The maximum
deviation of 4.3% on flanf{-w-ca-i=-and 8.9% on nose wear were recorded
The Effect of Accidents On The Productivity Of Some Companies In North-Eastern States Of Nigeria
A case study was carried out on five major companies in the NorthEastern
States of Nigeria, to evaluate the effect ofindustrial accidents on
their productivi~)'· The companies were Ashaka Cement Plc Gombe State,
Savannah Sugar Company Adama'vva State, Asbestos Nigeria Limited
Bauchi State, Maiduguri Flour Mill and Nigeria Bottling Company Pic
Maiduguri both in Barno State. Data for t(1is study were based partially
on companies pe1formance records over ten years which emanated from
the questio.nnaires for tli~ workers on th.e pr~duction line, lora/ intervi~w
of the semor personnel m the productwn !me and lastly by collectmg
data t{u-ough their records. Percentage method was used to analyse result.
The result showed that the causes of accident in all companies are due to
carelessness of the workers and to "some extent lack of maintenance of
the machine. There was no accident of material handling in four of the
companies except in Savannah Sugar Company. Tlze result also indicate
that the production capacity of Ashaka Cement Pic declined by 18.56%
because of accident. Also Nigeria Bottling Company and Maiduguri
Flour Mill liad their production capacity declined hy 16.67% and 40%
respectively. However, the production capacity during accidents of
Savannah Sugar Company and Asbestos Nigeria Pic could not be
ascertained due to poor record keeping. 77~e management of t!tese
companies could reduce the acci.dents and improve 011 their productivity
through training in safety measure
'The Effect of Various Heat Treatn1ents on the Hardness of Some Nigerian Steels
Two indig~nous steel, NST 37-2 and NST 60Mn were sruJi~d ro detem1ine rhe
effect of various heat treannent!: on c.'leir hardness. Resulrs indicate lha! warer seems to be m•l>t
efficient quenching medium where maximum hardne$s is rcquin:d. Howel'er, when: har\iness
can be sacrificed, mineral oil can be used for qucn.;hing. NST 60Mn SLC:el, wilh higher
manganese and carbon contents sbowed greater hardness at fast cooling rate. This grearer
hardness was due to the greater amount of mancnsitic rransfonnation and precipitation
hardening of carbides (Fe3C)._ Tbe air-cooled samples did nor sh'"' much increase in hardness
·because, !he stee-ls transfoml more imo ferrit~ and \'tl)' lirrJc of pearlire. The lechnologi;:~l
importance of rhe results obuined in relation to Nigerian Stmcrural Adjusuncnl Programme
(SAP} are discussed
The Beneficial Effect Of Higher Molybdenum Content In Reducing Brittleness In Some Higher Strength Manganese Steels
•The beneficial effect of molybdenum in reducing brittleness in
manganese steels were tested by adding 2-4% molybdenum in
proportions to manganese alloys betweer, 10-14?~. The specimens of
the alloys were solution treated under vacuum furnace at 9')0°C,
'10)0°C and 11)0°C for 1 hour and then air cooled. Furthermore,
these were tested for mechanical properties a.t room temperature.
The broken specimens were examined by using the scanning electron
microscope to ascertain that the mode of fractographs of the alloys
solution treated at higher temperature, was intergranular at lower
molybdenum content. The beneficial effect of a larger amount of
molybdenum (1about l1~~), in re.ducing the susceptibility to
intergranular embrittlement, was noticed in· the alloy. iuggestions
were made in this paper on how a larger amount of molybdenum (about
4?.\) was found to prevent embrittlement in high slrength manganese
s tee 1
Heat Treatment Of Some Nigerian Constructional . Steels And Its Technological Application
if(~,:~::'::c~igerian constructional steils, NST 37-2 and NST 60Mn, were
~. ': h_eat· treated in various temperature ,, : quenching media of water,
·.mineral oil and air .to ascertain ti ... :1ardness for manufacturing
purpose. Results indicate that water seems to be the most
efficient ouenching media where maximum hardness is required.
However, where hardness can be used for quenching. NST 60Hn
steels, with higher Mn and C contents, showed greater hardness at
fast coolin~ rates. This greater hardness was due to the greater
amount of martensitic transformation and precipitation hardening of
carbides (Fe 3C2.. ·The air-cooled samples did not show much increase
in hardening because the steels transform more into ferrite with
very little pearlite. The technological importance of these
results are discussed in this paper to help the local manufacturing
companies in adopting any of the quenching media above, which would
suit their needs after the heat treatment. By so doing, the much
needed spare parts for machinery in Nigeria in particular, and
Africa 1n general can be produced locally
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