The utilization of three aquatic plants as alternative feed for Tilapia nilotica cultured in an earthen pond

Tilapia nilotica fingerlings were stocked at a density of 20 fish/m3 in fixed net cages for 90 days in a pond in Imus, Cavite. These were reared using three formulated feeds of 35 percent crude protein content prepared from three aquatic weeds namely: Azolla sp., Eichornia crassipes (Water Hyacinth), and Ipomoea aquatica (Kangkong) on 29 May-27 August 1992 and 12 September-10 December 1992. Using Pearson\u27s Square Method, Feed Type 11 was formulated from 40 percent Azolla sp. and 60 percent Ipomoea aquatica by dry weight, Feed type III was formulated from 40 percent Azolla sp. and 60 percent Ipomoea aquatica by dry weight, Feed Type III was formulated from 37.5 percent Azolla sp. and 62.5 percent Eichornia crassipes by dry weight, Eichornia crassipes and Feed Type IV was formulated from 29 percent Ipomoea aquatica and 71 percent by dry weight. Commercial feed acquired from Bio-research served as a control (Feed Type I). Feeds were dispensed twice daily at a total ration equivalent to Ratio (FCR) was computed. Growth rates expressed as weight increments (grams) per unit time (day) and and percentage weight gain were recorded and compared. Cost of feed formulation was also computed. Physico-chemical factors such as dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, and turbidity were determined

Effect of lower tidal volume ventilation facilitated by extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal vs standard care ventilation on 90-day mortality in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure

Importance In patients who require mechanical ventilation for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, further reduction in tidal volumes, compared with conventional low tidal volume ventilation, may improve outcomes. Objective To determine whether lower tidal volume mechanical ventilation using extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal improves outcomes in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Design, Setting, and Participants This multicenter, randomized, allocation-concealed, open-label, pragmatic clinical trial enrolled 412 adult patients receiving mechanical ventilation for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, of a planned sample size of 1120, between May 2016 and December 2019 from 51 intensive care units in the UK. Follow-up ended on March 11, 2020. Interventions Participants were randomized to receive lower tidal volume ventilation facilitated by extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal for at least 48 hours (n = 202) or standard care with conventional low tidal volume ventilation (n = 210). Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was all-cause mortality 90 days after randomization. Prespecified secondary outcomes included ventilator-free days at day 28 and adverse event rates. Results Among 412 patients who were randomized (mean age, 59 years; 143 [35%] women), 405 (98%) completed the trial. The trial was stopped early because of futility and feasibility following recommendations from the data monitoring and ethics committee. The 90-day mortality rate was 41.5% in the lower tidal volume ventilation with extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal group vs 39.5% in the standard care group (risk ratio, 1.05 [95% CI, 0.83-1.33]; difference, 2.0% [95% CI, −7.6% to 11.5%]; P = .68). There were significantly fewer mean ventilator-free days in the extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal group compared with the standard care group (7.1 [95% CI, 5.9-8.3] vs 9.2 [95% CI, 7.9-10.4] days; mean difference, −2.1 [95% CI, −3.8 to −0.3]; P = .02). Serious adverse events were reported for 62 patients (31%) in the extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal group and 18 (9%) in the standard care group, including intracranial hemorrhage in 9 patients (4.5%) vs 0 (0%) and bleeding at other sites in 6 (3.0%) vs 1 (0.5%) in the extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal group vs the control group. Overall, 21 patients experienced 22 serious adverse events related to the study device. Conclusions and Relevance Among patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, the use of extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal to facilitate lower tidal volume mechanical ventilation, compared with conventional low tidal volume mechanical ventilation, did not significantly reduce 90-day mortality. However, due to early termination, the study may have been underpowered to detect a clinically important difference