МОНИТОРИНГОВАЯ ОЦЕНКА УРБАНОЗЁМОВ МАЛЫХ ГОРОДОВ БРЯНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

For the first time, a monitoring base has been created for the Bryansk region (Non-Black Earth Region of the Russian Federation) on the ecological, chemical and algological indicators of soils in small cities, which differ in population and the development of industrial production. Routing methods, methods of chemical and algological soil research were used. The general condition of urban soils was evaluated by the Zс index.In the soils of small towns of the old-developed region – the cities of Karachev, Novozybkov, Unecha, Fokino – the maximum gross content is recorded for lead, copper and zinc. The values of the Zc index vary from 10 to 56, which indicates the presence of zones with an acceptable level of chemical pollution, moderately – dangerous, highly dangerous pollution. In the studied soil samples, the content of heavy metals reveals the predominance of an acceptable and moderately hazardous level of pollution. In the city of Fokino, zones with high hazard and moderate pollution by the Zc index prevail, which indicates a significant effect of large chemical production on soils in a small industrial city.For small towns of the Bryansk region, a soil-algological base was compiled for the first time, as a reflection of the conditions existing in the upper soil horizons. For four small towns, 29 species of soil algae from five departments were found. In anthropogenic habitats, the Cyanophyta divisions (order of Nostocales, Oscillatoriales), the Chlorophyta division (order of Chlorococcales), and the low species representation of the divisions of Xantophyta, Bacillariophyta are especially diverse. As bioindicators, dominants in the soils of the first and second groups (Zc less than 16, from 16 to 32) Cylindrospermum muscicola, Nostoc commune, Phormidium autumnale can be considered. In the most polluted soils (Zc from 32 to 128), the species Chlorococcum sp., Microcoleus vaginatus, Euglena viridis, Nostoc commune predominate. The results obtained are the basis of biomonitoring and eco-analytical studies of urban soils of small towns.Впервые для Брянской области (Нечерноземье РФ) создана мониторинговая база по эколого-химическим и альгологическим показателям почв малых городов, различающихся численностью населения и развитием промышленного производства. Использовались маршрутные методы, методы химического и альгологического исследования почв. Общее состояние урбанозёмов оценивали по индексу Zс.В почвах малых городов староосвоенного региона – городе Карачеве, Новозыбкове, Унече, Фокино – максимальное валовое содержание зарегистрировано для свинца, меди и цинка. Значения индекса Zс изменяется от 10 до 56, что свидетельствует о наличии зон с допустимым уровнем химического загрязнения, умеренно – опасным, высоко опасным загрязнением. В исследуемых пробах почв содержание тяжёлых металлов выявляет преобладание допустимого и умеренно-опасного уровня загрязнения. В городе Фокино преобладают зоны с высоко-опасным и умеренным загрязнением по индексу Zс, что свидетельствует о значительном влиянии крупного химического производства на почвы в малом промышленном городе.Для малых городов Брянской области впервые составлена почвенно-­альгологическая база, как отражение условий, имеющихся в верхних почвенных горизонтах. Для четырёх малых городов обнаружены 29 видов почвенных водорослей из пяти отделов. В антропогенных местообитаний особым разнообразием отличаются отделы Cyanophyta (порядок Nostocales, Oscillatoriales), отдел Chlorophyta (порядок Chlorococcales), малой видовой представленностью отделов Xantophyta, Bacillariophyta. В качестве биоиндикаторов могут рассматриваться доминанты в почвах первой и второй группы (Zc менее 16, от 16 до 32) Cylindrospermum muscicola, Nostoc commune, Phormidium autumnale . В наиболее загрязненных почвах (Zc от 32 до 128) преобладают виды Chlorococcum sp., Microcoleus vaginatus, Euglena viridis, Nostoc commune. Полученные результаты – основа биомониторинговых и экоаналитических исследований урбанозёмов малых городов

Optimization of Functioning of the Klintsovsky State Nature Reserve of Regional Importance in the Bryansk Region

The paper provides information on the current status of specially protected natural territories of the Bryansk region – namely, the Klintsovsky state nature reserve of regional importance located on the territory of the Bryansk region. The authors touch upon the problems of global biodiversity and conservation of rare and endangered plant species. The species composition is specified, and the habitats of rare plant species are revealed. The purpose of the research is to develop policies and programs aimed at the conservation of biodiversity and restoration of rare and endangered species of plants growing in the region, including in the Klintsovsky reserve of the Bryansk region. The authors have developed the methods on preservation and restorations of rare and endangered plants species populations growing in the reserve. For successful implementation of a number of issues on environmental trends, the authors identified the feasibility of establishing an interregional introduction center. The task of introduction center for issues related to the identification and involvement of economically valuable species of plants, including rare and endangered species in the center. The article also deals with the organization of research on their biology and ecology, modeling optimal conditions for mass breeding and cultivation of planting material and the development of programs for the implementation of these species in natural habitats in order to restore the size and population density

Section on Supernova Remnants and Cosmic Rays of the White Paper on the Status and Future of Ground-Based Gamma-Ray Astronomy

This is a report on the findings of the SNR/cosmic-ray working group for the white paper on the status and future of ground-based gamma-ray astronomy. The white paper is an APS commissioned document, and the overall version has also been released and can be found on astro-ph. This detailed section of the white paper discusses the status of past and current attempts to observe shell-type supernova remnants and diffuse emission from cosmic rays at GeV-TeV energies. We concentrate on the potential of future ground-based gamma-ray experiments to study the acceleration of relativistic charged particles which is one of the main unsolved, yet fundamental, problems in modern astrophysics. The acceleration of particles relies on interactions between energetic particles and magnetic turbulence. In the case of SNRs we can perform spatially resolved studies in systems with known geometry, and the plasma physics deduced from these observations will help us to understand other systems where rapid particle acceleration is believed to occur and where observations as detailed as those of SNRs are not possible

Fermi LAT Observations of the Vela Pulsar.

e-Print: arXiv:0812.2960 [astro-ph] , Submitted to Astrophys.J