Legal Technologies of Creation of Legal Documents

The presented article contains theoretical material examining one of major directions of practical jurisprudence, touching a legal technique. Modern legal technique is nothing more than a set of technologies for creating legal documents in the process of implementing a variety of legal activities that require documentary design. The article deals with issues related to types of legal technique, their nature, ways of implementation are analyzed

Categories “Mechanism of Legal Regulation” and “Legal Technology”

The article analyzes the legal means that are elements of both the mechanism of legal regulation and legal technology, their characteristics are given, its purpose is indicated. The legal regulation of public relations is considered not only as a static phenomenon, but also as a dynamic process, showing a phased movement from one element to another in their interaction, starting with lawmaking and ending with the achievement of the goal of legal regulation, which consists of the formation and strengthening of law and order in society. A model of the mechanism of legal regulation as a set of combined legal means at all stages of the legal regulation of public relations, including lawmaking, legal relations and the implementation of law, is proposed. The types of legal technology are considered. It is shown with the help of which techniques and means various legal technological operations and actions are carried out, forming the sum of technologies for creating legal documents and implementing legally significant acts and procedures. This is about the same legal means that are elements of a legal regulation mechanism. And here the categories of “legal technique” and “legal regulation mechanism” partially coincide. In this regard, the relationship between the categories of legal technology and the legal regulation mechanism is formulated, in which the legal regulation mechanism is general and the legal technique is private

Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 reverses glaucomatous lesions in rabbits

Original article is published in: Frontiers in Bioscience, Landmark, 20, 892–901, January 1, 2015Glaucoma is the main cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. This disease is characterized by apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and visual field loss that seems to be related to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Several lines of evidences have implicated the crucial role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Increased mitochondrial oxidative stress in RGC may underlie or contribute to susceptibility of RGC to apoptosis. In our work we (i) designed a rabbit model of chronic, moderately elevated IOP for studying glaucoma and (ii) demonstrated efficacy of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 as a tool to reverse several traits of experimental glaucoma induced by a series of injections of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) to the anterior chamber of the rabbit eye. It is shown that 6 months instillations of drops of 0.2.5–5 µM solution of SkQ1 normalize IOP and eye hydrodynamics and abolish an increase in lens thickness that accompanies glaucoma.Original article is published in: Frontiers in Bioscience, Landmark, 20, 892–901, January 1, 2015Glaucoma is the main cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. This disease is characterized by apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and visual field loss that seems to be related to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Several lines of evidences have implicated the crucial role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Increased mitochondrial oxidative stress in RGC may underlie or contribute to susceptibility of RGC to apoptosis. In our work we (i) designed a rabbit model of chronic, moderately elevated IOP for studying glaucoma and (ii) demonstrated efficacy of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 as a tool to reverse several traits of experimental glaucoma induced by a series of injections of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) to the anterior chamber of the rabbit eye. It is shown that 6 months instillations of drops of 0.2.5–5 µM solution of SkQ1 normalize IOP and eye hydrodynamics and abolish an increase in lens thickness that accompanies glaucoma

Особенности рецидивов туберкулеза у пациентов с ВИЧ-инфекцией

The growing number of people with advanced stages of HIV infection determines the specific course of newly diagnosed tuberculosis cases and relapses and accordingly, it requires a special approach to follow-up of such patients respective their dispensary group.The objective of the study: to define the specific features of tuberculosis relapses in HIV patients.Subjects and methods. 205 patients from Sverdlovsk Region were enrolled into a retrospective study. In all the patients, a relapse of respiratory tuberculosis was diagnosed (there were some single cases of combinations with other localizations of tuberculosis). Of them, 104 patients were diagnosed with HIV infection (Group I) and 101 patients were HIV negative (Group II). The groups were compatible respective the age and gender of the patients.Results. HIV positive patients develop tuberculosis relapses earlier versus the HIV negative ones (in 31.5 ± 3.0 months and 55.1 ± 5.7 months respectively, p < 0.001).When tuberculosis relapse was diagnosed, 49.0% (95% CI 47.1-77.7) of patients with HIV infection had their CD4 count < 200 cells/mcl, and most often such a low count was observed among the patients who had CD4 count of 200-349 cells/mcl at the moment when tuberculosis was cured. By the time when tuberculosis relapse was diagnosed among HIV positive patients, the level of antiretroviral therapy failure increased and made 31.7%, and there was a tendency (nearly statistically significant) towards the increase of the portion of ARVT courses lasting for less than 6 months. In case of tuberculosis relapse, HIV positive patients developed disseminated and generalized tuberculosis more often versus HIV negative ones. The most frequent defects of dispensary follow up (dispensary follow-up group III) over the patients cured of tuberculosis, were the lower frequency of X-ray and bacteriological examinations and underestimation of clinical manifestations. It results in the postponed diagnostics of relapse long after its manifestations, less frequent diagnostics of relapses during planned examination, especially in HIV patients. Probably, it is worth reconsidering the tactics of dispensary follow-up over HIV positive patients with TB history and following them up longer as active dispensary groups. The following could be the additional criteria for dispensary follow-up extension: CD4 count of 200 cells/mcl and lower and laboratory confirmed failing ARVT.Возрастание в популяции числа лиц с поздними стадиями ВИЧ-инфекции обусловливает особенности течения как впервые выявленного туберкулеза, так и его рецидивов и, соответственно, требует формирования особого подхода к наблюдению за этими пациентами в диспансерных группах.Цель исследования: определить особенности рецидивов туберкулеза у пациентов с ВИЧ-инфекцией.Материалы и методы. В исследование ретроспективно включено 205 пациентов из Свердловской области. Всем пациентам установлен диагноз рецидива туберкулеза органов дыхания (имелись единичные случаи сочетания с туберкулезом других локализаций). Из них у 104 пациентов диагностирована ВИЧ-инфекция (I группа), у 101 пациента был ВИЧ-негативный статус (II группа). Группы были сопоставимы по возрасту и гендерному составу больных.Результаты. Рецидивы туберкулеза у пациентов с ВИЧ-инфекцией возникают раньше, чем у ВИЧ-негативных (через 31,5 ± 3,0 мес. и 55,1 ± 5,7 мес. соответственно, p < 0,001).К моменту диагностики рецидива туберкулеза у 49,0% (95%-ный ДИ 47,1-77,7) пациентов с ВИЧ-инфекцией уровень клеток CD4+ составлял < 200 кл./мкл, наиболее часто это снижение было среди пациентов, имевших на момент клинического излечения туберкулеза CD4+ 200-349 кл./мкл. К моменту диагностики рецидива туберкулеза среди пациентов с ВИЧ-инфекцией доля неэффективной антиретровирусной терапии (АРВТ) увеличилась и составляла 31,7%, а также наметилась тенденция (близкая к статистически значимой) к увеличению доли АРВТ сроком менее 6 мес. При рецидиве туберкулеза у пациентов с ВИЧ-инфекцией чаще бывает распространенный и генерализованный туберкулез, чем у ВИЧ-негативных. Наиболее частыми дефектами наблюдения в группе диспансерного учета (III ГДУ) за пациентами, клинически излеченными от туберкулеза, являются снижение частоты рентгенологического и бактериологического обследований и недооценка клинической симптоматики. Это приводит к отсроченной диагностике рецидива после появления первых его проявлений, снижению частоты диагностики рецидива при плановом диспансерном обследовании, особенно у больных ВИЧ-инфекцией. Возможно, следует пересмотреть тактику диспансерного фтизиатрического наблюдения для ВИЧ-позитивных пациентов, перенесших туберкулез, в сторону удлинения наблюдения в активных диспансерных группах. В качестве дополнительных критериев, увеличивающих сроки наблюдения в ГДУ, могут рассматриваться следующие: значение CD4+-клеток/мкл 200 и менее и неэффективная АРВТ, подтвержденная лабораторно

Экспозиционный динамический инженерносейсмометрический мониторинг здания Института геофизики УрО РАН с применением аппаратнопрограммного комплекса «Регистр-SD»

Seismometric monitoring of the building of the Institute of geophysics, located at Yekaterinburg was conducted in the period of 2017-2018. During the measurements, the hardware-software complex "Register-SD" with the electro-dynamic sensor SK-1P was used. The calculation of the period of natural oscillations of the object is given on the example of a vertical profile located in the south-eastern part of the building. The results of monitoring show that there are no failures in the studied section of the facility.В 2017-2018 гг. проведен сейсмометрический мониторинг здания Института геофизики с помощью аппаратно-программного комплекса «Регистр-SD» и электродинамического датчика СК-1П. Сделан расчет периода собственных колебаний объекта на примере вертикального профиля, расположенного в юговосточном крыле. Результаты мониторинга показывают отсутствие нарушений на изучаемом участке

Electric Properties of Organic-on-Inorganic n-Si/VOPc Heterojunction

In the current study vanadyl-phthalocyanine (VOPc) thin films were deposited by vacuum evaporation on n-Si substrate resulting in an organic-on-inorganic (n-Si/VOPc) heterojunctions. Ag films were deposited as electrodes. Thicknesses of the VOPc films were in the range of 100-300 nm. The dark I-V characteristics exhibited rectification behavior. The rectification ratio (RR) decreased from 4 to 0.4 as the thickness of the VOPc film decreased. The dark I-V characteristics were simulated by modified Schokley equation and spaace-charge limited currents (SCLC) approach. Investigations were carried out to study the effect of VOPc films thickness on reverse saturation current , diode quality factor and mobility of charge carriers

Orbital glass and spin glass states of 3He-A in aerogel

Glass states of superfluid A-like phase of 3He in aerogel induced by random orientations of aerogel strands are investigated theoretically and experimentally. In anisotropic aerogel with stretching deformation two glass phases are observed. Both phases represent the anisotropic glass of the orbital ferromagnetic vector l -- the orbital glass (OG). The phases differ by the spin structure: the spin nematic vector d can be either in the ordered spin nematic (SN) state or in the disordered spin-glass (SG) state. The first phase (OG-SN) is formed under conventional cooling from normal 3He. The second phase (OG-SG) is metastable, being obtained by cooling through the superfluid transition temperature, when large enough resonant continuous radio-frequency excitation are applied. NMR signature of different phases allows us to measure the parameter of the global anisotropy of the orbital glass induced by deformation.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, Submitted to Pis'ma v ZhETF (JETP Letters

On Physical Vapor Deposition of Organic Semiconductor CuPc Thin Films in High Gravity

Thin organic films of p-type semiconductor copper phthalocyanine (CuPc, C32H16N8Cu) deposited by vacuum evaporation on glass substrates at different gravity conditions, from 50 g to –50 g (g – denotes the terrestrial gravity acceleration) in a centrifugal machine, were investigated. Thickness distribution of the film deposited was determined by measurement of absorbance using a scanning light beam probe. An anisotropic distribution of the film was observed in the direction of source and substrate rotation. The anisotropy is associated with centrifugal motion of the source-substrate system. In a direction perpendicular to the rotation, the deposition distribution was isotropic and obeyed, in principle, the theoretical approach which requires a maximum deposition in the centre of the sample. The experimentally observed influence of the acceleration on the deposition rate of the CuPc films on the substrate was simulated

Особенности восприятия проблемы туберкулеза врачами первичного звена здравоохранения

The objective: to study the perception of the problem of tuberculosis in physicians working in primary medical care and enhance motivation to implement tuberculosis control activities.Subjects and methods. A questionnaire survey was conducted in 114 physicians from primary medical care before and after the lecture on phthisiology. A subjective assessment of the knowledge on tuberculosis (self-assessment) and results of an objective assessment were studied and compared.Results. 30% of physicians had the fear of getting infected and developing tuberculosis. The level of theoretical phthisiologic knowledge among physicians from primary medical care is insufficient; the self-assessment of this knowledge is overstated in 58.8%.Цель исследования: изучить особенности восприятия проблемы туберкулеза у врачей первичного звена здравоохранения и повысить эффективность мотивации по реализации противотуберкулезных мероприятий.Материалы и методы. Проведено анкетирование 114 врачей общей лечебной сети до и после образовательной лекции по фтизиатрии. Изучены субъективная оценка уровня знаний по вопросам фтизиатрии (самооценка) и результаты объективной оценки, проведено сравнение этих двух оценок.Результаты. Среди врачей страх заражения и заболевания туберкулезом имел место в 30%. Уровень теоретических знаний у врачей общей лечебной сети по разделу фтизиатрии недостаточен, у 58,8% самооценка этих знаний завышена