Влияние трипсина на биохимические и функциональные свойства децеллюляризованного суставного хряща свиньи

Objective: to study the effect of trypsin pretreatment in the porcine articular cartilage decellularization protocol on the ability to restore the biochemical composition and functional properties of the resulting finely dispersed tissue-specific scaffold when co-cultured with human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs).Materials and methods. Porcine articular cartilage was micronized to a maximum size of 250 μm. The resulting porcine articular cartilage microparticles (CMps) were treated with trypsin (0.05, 0.25, 0.50%) / EDTA solution at +37 °C for 24 hours. Then, the CMps were successively incubated for 24 hours in three surfactant solutions containing 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate and increasing concentration of Triton X-100 (1, 2, 3%) at room temperature and in DNase I solution at +37 °C for 48 hours. The degree of change in the biochemical composition and the ability of decellularized CMps (DCMps) scaffolds within cell-engineered constructs (CECs) to support hADSC adhesion and proliferation, as well as their potential ability to exert a stimulatory regenerative effect, were then assessed. DNA, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and collagen content in the DCMps and CECs were examined. The morphology of the samples was examined using histological and immunohistochemistry staining.Results. Histological analysis showed that there were no cells and detritus in the DCMp samples. Pretreatment of CMps samples гыштп a solution with the lowest content of trypsin (0.05%) / EDTA in the samples retained 5.14 ± 0.87 ng/mg DNA in the samples, while GAG content decreased to 5.34 ± 0.9 μg/mg and collagen to 154 ± 34 μg/mg. By day 28 of CEC cultivation, adherent cells had produced their own extracellular matrix (ECM) containing GAGs and collagen. The amount of DNA in it was 6.30 ± 0.11 μg/CEC and that of GAGs was 19.36 ± 0.73 μg/CEC.Conclusion. Pretreatment with trypsin allows achieving uniformly complete decellularized CMps. At the same time, onset of changes in the ECM composition indicates a decrease in the ability of hADSCs to synthesize GAGs and type II collagen during co-culturing with DCMps. The increased proliferative activity of adherent hADSCs, as well as the tissue specificity of the DCMp scaffold will allow further research towards a hydrogel matrix capable of enhancing the specific and stimulating regenerative potential when co-cultured with cells of the same phenotype.Цель работы: исследовать влияние включения в протокол децеллюляризации суставного хряща свиньи стадии предобработки его трипсином на способность к восстановлению биохимического состава и функциональных свойств полученной мелкодисперсной тканеспецифической матрицы при сокультивировании с мезенхимными стромальными клетками жировой ткани человека (МСК ЖТч).Материалы и методы. Суставной хрящ свиньи микронизировали до размеров не более 250 мкм. Полученные микрочастицы суставного хряща свиньи (МХс) обрабатывали раствором трипсина (0,05; 0,25; 0,50%) / ЭДТА при +37 °С в течение 24 часов. Далее МХс последовательно инкубировали в течение 24 часов в трех растворах поверхностно-активных веществ, содержащих 0,1% додецилсульфат натрия и повышающуюся концентрацию Triton Х-100 (1, 2, 3%), при комнатной температуре и в растворе ДНКазы I типа при +37 °C в течение 48 часов. Затем оценивали степень изменения биохимического состава и способность децеллюляризованных МХс (ДМХс) матриц в составе клеточно-инженерных конструкций (КИК) поддерживать адгезию МСК ЖТч, их пролиферацию, а также потенциальную способность оказывать стимулирующее регенерационное воздействие. В ДМХс и КИК исследовали содержание ДНК, гликозаминогликанов (ГАГ) и коллагена. Морфологию образцов исследовали с использованием гистологического и иммуногистохимического окрашивания.Результаты исследования. Гистологический анализ показал отсутствие клеток и детрита в образцах ДМХс. При предварительной обработке МХс раствором с наименьшим содержанием трипсина (0,05%) / ЭДТА в образцах сохранилось 5,14 ± 0,87 нг/мг ДНК, при этом снизилось содержание ГАГ до 5,34 ± 0,9 мкг/мг и коллагена до 154 ± 34 мкг/мг. К 28-м суткам культивирования КИК выявлена наработка адгезированными клетками собственного внеклеточного матрикса (ВКМ), содержащего ГАГ и коллаген. Количество ДНК в нем составляло 6,30 ± 0,11 мкг/КИК, а количество ГАГ 19,36 ± 0,73 мкг/ КИК.Заключение. Предобработка трипсином позволяет достичь равномерной полной децеллюляризации МХс. Вместе с тем наступившие изменения состава ВКМ свидетельствуют о снижении способности МСК ЖТч в процессе сокультивирования с ДМХс синтезировать ГАГ и коллаген II типа. Увеличение пролиферативной активности адгезированных МСК ЖТч, а также тканеспецифичность ДМХс-матрицы позволят продолжить исследования в направлении создания гидрогелевой формы матрикса, способной повысить специфический и стимулирующий регенераторный потенциал в процессе сокультивирования с клетками того же фенотипа

Long-term effectiveness of secondary prevention in patients with acute coronary syndrome

Aim. To investigate the levels and prevalence of main risk factors (RFs) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of secondary prevention and its agreement with Russian and international guidelines (2005-2006).Material and methods. A cross-sectional, retrospective analysis of medical histories was performed for 278 patients, hospitalized at the Moscow Regional Cardiology Centre (Zhukovsky) and State Research Centre for Preventive Medicine (Moscow) with myocardial infarction (MI). A subsequent questionnaire survey and examination of these patients provided the general information and the data on laboratory and instrumental test results, number of hospitalizations, work status dynamics, and current treatment.Results. Both in-hospital and long-term prevalence of RFs was high: for body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 – 34,62%, for systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mm Hg – 26,28%, for smoking – 18,22%, for clinical symptoms of depression and anxiety – 19,23% and 23,42%, respectively. Heart rate (HR), blood lipids, and fasting blood glucose levels were higher than the respective target levels.Conclusion. The long-term RF prevalence in MI patients was high, with inadequate effectiveness of secondary preventive measures, and insufficient clinical implementation of existing international and local standards of CV prevention and therapy

Еprosartan therapy effectiveness in arterial hypertension patients after stroke or transient ischemic attack

Aim. To study effectiveness, safety, and dynamics of cognitive function in eprosartan therapy among arterial hypertension (AH) patients after stroke (S) or transient ischemic attack (TIA), comparing to standard antihypertensive therapy. Material and methods. The study included 60 AH patients, who underwent S or TIA. All participants wee randomized to two equal groups. Mean age in Group I was 62,2±7,8 years, in Group II – 59,8±6,7 years; AH duration - 9,5±3,5 and 9,8±3,2 years, respectively. For 3 months, Group I received eprosartan (600 mg/d), as monotherapy or combined with hydrochlorthiazide, if target blood pressure (BP) level was not achieved. Group II received standard antihypertensive therapy. At 4 visits, BP, heart rate, body mass index were measured; medication tolerability were assessed. At the baseline and at the end of the study, electrocardiography, echocardiography, 24-hour BP monitoring (BPM), psychological testing with Beck and MMSE questionnaires were performed. Results. In 2 patients (6,7%) from control Group II, recurrent TIA episodes were registered. In both groups, a significant positive dynamics of all manually measured BP parameters was observed. At the end of the study, BP positive dynamics was more manifested in eprosartan group. Moreover, in Group I, depression and cognitive dysfunction levels substantially decreased. Conclusion. Eprosartan is an effective antihypertensive agent for AH treatment, with cerebroprotective effects in S and TIA patients, that could be used as monotherapy or in combination with a diuretic

QUANTITATIVE RHOA Gly17Val ALLELE-SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION AND T-CELL CLONALITY ANALYSIS IN ANGIOIMMUNOBLASTIC T-CELL LYMPHOMA

Introduction. Аngioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is a T-cell lymphoma, characterized by abundant polymorphocellular infiltrate of lymph nodes with the small number of tumor CD4+ T-cells. AITL could often be misdiagnosed as reactive processes and other lymphomas, including Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Molecular methods of determining clonality are used to confirm the diagnosis. TCR gene rearrangements detected in the lymph nodes may not coincide with those detected in the bone marrow (BM), blood or skin, that makes their interpretation difficult. Recently discovered point somatic RHOA (Ras homolog gene family, member A) Gly17Val mutation is present in 53–71 % of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphomas.The aim of the study was to evaluate the number of RHOA Gly17Val mutated cells in different tissues of AITL patients and to correlate it with corresponding T-cell clonality results.Materials and methods. TCRG and TCRB gene rearrangements were PCR-amplified according to BIOMED-2 standardized protocol and analyzed by capillary electrophoresis on ABI Prism 3130. Gly17Val mutation was analyzed by quantitative allele-specific (qAS) TaqMan Real-Time PCR assay. Lymph nodes (LN) and skin biopsies, blood and BM samples were studied for 40 patients with AITL.Results. The clonal TCR gene rearrangements were found in 37 (92 %) of 40 patients in LN and in 26 (96 %) of 28 patients in BM, but they were not matched in length in LN and BM in 12 (46 %) of 26 patients. RHOA (Gly17Val) mutation in LN was revealed in 60 % (24 of 40) patients. Number of cells with RHOA mutation was highest in the LN (in average 26.7 % of the total cells), while in the BM RHOA mutation were undetectable (in 7 patients), or detected in 10 patients in a low quantity (in average 2 % of the total cells). Skin, blood and BM samples with the T-cell clonality peaks that differ from those found in the LN were also negative for the presence of cells having RHOA Gly17Val mutation. Also, in four patients we showed that clonal products in BM and blood that do not coincide with LN refer to CD8+ lymphocytes.Conclusions. The results of the study demonstrate that the quantitative determination of cells with the mutation of RHOA Gly17Val must be taken into account in staging the disease and interpreting the results of T-cell clonality assay. Clonal cells with rearrangements not matching those identified for the LN should be considered reactive

Vibrational spectroscopic analysis of peripheral blood plasma of patients with Alzheimer’s disease

Using Raman and infrared spectroscopy, we monitored spectral changes occurring in the blood plasma of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in relation to healthy controls. The protein secondary structure as reflected by amide I band involves β-sheet enrichment, which may be attributable to Aβ peptide formation and to increasing proportion of the globulins that are β-sheet rich. Likewise, the behavior of the infrared 1200–1000–cm−1 region and the Raman 980–910- and 450–400-cm−1 regions can be explained in terms of the said plasma composition change. Further, the 744-cm−1 Raman band from healthy control plasma shows frequency upshifting in the course of AD, which may be generated by the platelets collected in blood plasma. Linear discrimination analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis have been used to distinguish between patients with AD and age-matched healthy controls with a diagnostic accuracy of about 94 %.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación de EspañaMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad de EspañaSección Deptal. de Química Orgánica (Óptica y Optometría)Fac. de Óptica y OptometríaTRUEpu

Rivaroxaban with or without aspirin in stable cardiovascular disease

BACKGROUND: We evaluated whether rivaroxaban alone or in combination with aspirin would be more effective than aspirin alone for secondary cardiovascular prevention. METHODS: In this double-blind trial, we randomly assigned 27,395 participants with stable atherosclerotic vascular disease to receive rivaroxaban (2.5 mg twice daily) plus aspirin (100 mg once daily), rivaroxaban (5 mg twice daily), or aspirin (100 mg once daily). The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death, stroke, or myocardial infarction. The study was stopped for superiority of the rivaroxaban-plus-aspirin group after a mean follow-up of 23 months. RESULTS: The primary outcome occurred in fewer patients in the rivaroxaban-plus-aspirin group than in the aspirin-alone group (379 patients [4.1%] vs. 496 patients [5.4%]; hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66 to 0.86; P<0.001; z=−4.126), but major bleeding events occurred in more patients in the rivaroxaban-plus-aspirin group (288 patients [3.1%] vs. 170 patients [1.9%]; hazard ratio, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.40 to 2.05; P<0.001). There was no significant difference in intracranial or fatal bleeding between these two groups. There were 313 deaths (3.4%) in the rivaroxaban-plus-aspirin group as compared with 378 (4.1%) in the aspirin-alone group (hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.71 to 0.96; P=0.01; threshold P value for significance, 0.0025). The primary outcome did not occur in significantly fewer patients in the rivaroxaban-alone group than in the aspirin-alone group, but major bleeding events occurred in more patients in the rivaroxaban-alone group. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with stable atherosclerotic vascular disease, those assigned to rivaroxaban (2.5 mg twice daily) plus aspirin had better cardiovascular outcomes and more major bleeding events than those assigned to aspirin alone. Rivaroxaban (5 mg twice daily) alone did not result in better cardiovascular outcomes than aspirin alone and resulted in more major bleeding events