305 research outputs found

    Hybrid (bolted/bonded) joints applied to aeronautic parts : analytical one-dimensional models of a single-lap joint

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    The load transfer in hybrid (bolted/bonded) single-lap joint is complex due to the association of two different transfer modes (discrete and continuous) through elements with different stiffness. Analytical methods exist for these two different modes, when considered separately. In this paper two one-dimensional elastic analytical models are presented for the determination of the load transfer in single lap configuration. The first one is developed by using the integration of the local equilibrium equations. From this first method an elastic-plastic approach is presented. The second one uses the Finite Element Method, introducing a new element called “bonded-bar”. These models are robust, easy to use and provide the same results. They allow to analyze the load transfer and to evaluate different geometric and mechanical parameters’ influence. Thus they represent the first step for the design of a hybrid joint able to replace its bolted equivalent used on aircraft

    Faisabilité d'assemblages mixtes boulonnés-collés en aéronautique

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    L'idĂ©e de l'assemblage hybride est de rĂ©duire le transfert aux fixations sous charge de fatigue, de maniĂšre Ă  dĂ©palcer le site critique en zone non trouĂ©e tout en garantissant la tenue aux charges extrĂȘmes

    Contribution aux assemblages hybrides boulonnés collés aéronautiques : modélisation analytique unidimensionnelle en simple cisaillement

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    Le calcul du transfert de charge dans les jonctions a Ă©tĂ© traitĂ© par des approches analytiques d’une part dans le cas des jonctions boulonnĂ©es et d’autre part dans celui des jonctions collĂ©es. Dans cet article, nous Ă©tudions le cas d’une jonction hybride boulonnĂ©e collĂ©e qui associe les deux modes de transfert (discret et continu) dans une configuration en simple cisaillement. Nous prĂ©sentons une modĂ©lisation analytique monodimensionnelle qui prend en compte la rigiditĂ© des diffĂ©rents composants. Simple Ă  mettre en oeuvre, elle permet d’analyser le transfert de charge et d’évaluer l’influence des diffĂ©rents paramĂštres gĂ©omĂ©triques et mĂ©caniques. Son exploitation est intĂ©ressante dans le cadre du prĂ©-dimensionnement d’une jonction hybride apte Ă  remplacer son Ă©quivalent boulonnĂ© sur avion

    Ressources distribuĂ©es et interactions entre Ă©lĂšves au sein d’un groupe d’apprentissage : une Ă©tude de cas en Ă©ducation physique et sportive

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    Cette Ă©tude visait Ă  analyser l’activitĂ© collective d’élĂšves engagĂ©s dans la prĂ©paration d’un triathlon athlĂ©tique par Ă©quipe durant un cycle d’éducation physique. Il s’agissait plus prĂ©cisĂ©ment de comprendre la façon dont les interactions entre les Ă©lĂšves intervenaient dans l’activitĂ© individuelle de chacun. Elle a Ă©tĂ© conduite en rĂ©fĂ©rence au cadre thĂ©orique et mĂ©thodologique du « cours d’action ». Le recueil des donnĂ©es a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ© en enregistrant en vidĂ©o les actions et verbalisations des Ă©lĂšves et des enseignants dans les situations de classe et en menant Ă  l'issue de chaque leçon des entretiens d'autoconfrontation avec les Ă©lĂšves participant Ă  l'Ă©tude. L'analyse rĂ©vĂšle, d’une part, que les configurations d’activitĂ© collective gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©es par le dispositif de travail par Ă©quipe offrent aux Ă©lĂšves un ensemble de ressources distribuĂ©es pour apprendre, et d’autre part, que l’activitĂ© collective des Ă©lĂšves produit des formes originales de coopĂ©ration et de tutelle non prescrites par l’enseignant. Ces rĂ©sultats ouvrent des pistes de conception de situations d’apprentissage coopĂ©ratif en Ă©ducation physique.The aim of the study was to analyze students’ collective activity when involved in the team preparation of an athletic triathlon during a physical education unit. It was more precisely designed to understanding how interactions between students influenced student learning. The study was carried out referring to the “course of action” theoretical and methodological framework. The results show, first, that the configurations of collective activity generated by this pedagogical procedure offered students a set of distributed resources for learning, and secondly, that the collective activity of students produced original forms of cooperation and tutoring that was not prescribed by the teacher. These results open original ways to design cooperative learning tasks in physical education

    Turmeric, green tea and milk thistle: which strategy in cancer prevention or as complement to treatments?

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    De nombreux malades atteints de cancers ont recours Ă  des plantes mĂ©dicinales en plus de la prise en charge de la mĂ©decine dite conventionnelle. Parmi les plus utilisĂ©es, on trouve le curcuma, le thĂ© vert et le chardon-marie. Ces plantes ont pour point commun d'avoir fait l'objet de nombreuses Ă©tudes prĂ©cliniques ayant mis en Ă©vidence leur capacitĂ© Ă  interfĂ©rer Ă  plusieurs stades des processus de cancĂ©risation. Des Ă©tudes Ă©pidĂ©miologiques suggĂšrent Ă©galement un effet protecteur d'une consommation importante de thĂ© vert sur plusieurs types de cancers. Les donnĂ©es cliniques sont par ailleurs trop limitĂ©es pour conclure sur l'intĂ©rĂȘt de ces plantes chez les malades atteints de cancers. MalgrĂ© une Ă©valuation qui reste insuffisante, ces plantes peuvent ĂȘtre utilisĂ©es par des malades qui cherchent, dans les produits naturels, des moyens d’amĂ©liorer leurs chances de guĂ©rison, d’éviter les rĂ©cidives ou d’augmenter leur durĂ©e de vie. Les interactions potentielles avec les thĂ©rapeutiques anticancĂ©reuses Ă©prouvĂ©es incitent Ă  Ă©viter d’associer des doses importantes pendant l’administration des traitements.Many patients with cancer use herbal medicines in addition to conventional medicine. Turmeric, green tea and milk thistle are among the most popular of these herbal remedies. These three plants, extensively studied in preclinical models, can interfere with different cancer cells pathways. Epidemiological studies also suggest that high intake of green tea could lower the risk of outcome of various cancers. However, the lack of clinical data makes it difficult to precisely evaluate the potential benefits of such treatments. Nevertheless, patients looking for natural treatments in order to avoid recurrence or extend their life expectancy may find interest in the herbal medicines mentioned above. However, potential drug interactions with evidence-based anticancer therapies have to be considered and high doses of herbal medicines should be avoided during the conventional cancer treatment

    Approche couplĂ©e essais-calculs pour l’analyse du comportement des assemblages boulonnĂ©s en composites stratifiĂ©s

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    Approche couplĂ©e essais-calculs pour l’analyse du comportement des assemblages boulonnĂ©s en composites stratifiĂ©s

    Documenting and analyzing pre-reflective self-consciousness underlying ongoing performance optimization in elite athletes: the theoretical and methodological approach of the course-of-experience framework

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    Traditional theories of motor learning emphasize the automaticity of skillful actions. However, recent research has emphasized the role of pre-reflective self-consciousness accompanying skillful action execution. In the present paper, we present the course-of-experience framework as a means of studying elite athletes’ pre-reflective self-consciousness in the unfolding activity of performance optimization. We carried out a synthetic presentation of the ontological and epistemological foundation of this framework. Then we illustrated the methodology by an in-depth analysis of two elite windsurfers’ courses of experience. The analysis of global and local characteristics of the riders’ courses of experience reveal (a) the meaningful activities accompanying the experience of ongoing performance optimization; (b) the multidimensionality of attentional foci and the normativity of performance self-assessment; and (c) a micro-scale phenomenological description of continuous improvement. These results highlight the fruitfulness of the course-of-experience framework to describe the experience of being absorbed in an activity of performance optimization

    Changes in urine composition after trauma facilitate bacterial growth.

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    International audienceUNLABELLED: ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Critically ill patients including trauma patients are at high risk of urinary tract infection (UTI). The composition of urine in trauma patients may be modified due to inflammation, systemic stress, rhabdomyolysis, life support treatment and/or urinary catheter insertion. METHODS: Prospective, single-centre, observational study conducted in patients with severe trauma and without a history of UTIs or recent antibiotic treatment. The 24-hour urine samples were collected on the first and the fifth days and the growth of Escherichia coli in urine from patients and healthy volunteers was compared. Biochemical and hormonal modifications in urine that could potentially influence bacterial growth were explored. RESULTS: Growth of E. coli in urine from trauma patients was significantly higher on days 1 and 5 than in urine of healthy volunteers. Several significant modifications of urine composition could explain these findings. On days 1 and 5, trauma patients had an increase in glycosuria, in urine iron concentration, and in the concentrations of several amino acids compared to healthy volunteers. On day 1, the urinary osmotic pressure was significantly lower than for healthy volunteers. CONCLUSION: We showed that urine of trauma patients facilitated growth of E. coli when compared to urine from healthy volunteers. This effect was present in the first 24 hours and until at least the fifth day after trauma. This phenomenon may be involved in the pathophysiology of UTIs in trauma patients. Further studies are required to define the exact causes of such modifications

    The tower of informatics models

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