Chemometrics approach for species identification of pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. and Pinus densiflora for. erecta Uyeki: -Species classification using near-infrared spectroscopy in combination with multivariate analysis

A model was designed to identify wood species between Pinus densiflora for. erecta Uyeki and Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. using the near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy in combination with principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). In the PCA using all of the spectra, Pinus densiflora for. erecta Uyeki and Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. could not be classified. In the PCA using the spectrum that has been measured in sapwood, however, Pinus densiflora for. erecta Uyeki and Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. could be identified. In particular, it was clearly classified by sapwood in radial section. And more, these two species could be perfectly identified using PLS-DA prediction model. The best performance in species identification was obtained when the second derivative spectra was used; the prediction accuracy was 100%. For prediction model, the Rp 2 value was 0.86 and the RMSEP was 0.38 in second derivative spectra. It was verified that the model designed by NIR spectroscopy with PLS-DA is suitable for species identification between Pinus densiflora for. erecta Uyeki and Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc

Multi-locus sequence typing of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis strains in Japan between 1973 and 2004

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) was responsible for a worldwide pandemic during the 1980s and 1990s; however, changes in the dominant lineage before and after this event remain unknown. This study determined S. Enteritidis lineages before and after this pandemic event in Japan using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Thirty S. Enteritidis strains were collected in Japan between 1973 and 2004, consisting of 27 human strains from individual episodes, a bovine strain, a liquid egg strain and an eggshell strain. Strains showed nine phage types and 17 pulsed-field profiles with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. All strains had homologous type 11 sequences without any nucleotide differences in seven housekeeping genes. These MLST results suggest that S. Enteritidis with the diversities revealed by phage typing and pulsed-field profiling has a highly clonal population. Although type 11 S. Enteritidis may exhibit both pleiotropic surface structure and pulsed-field type variation, it is likely to be a stable lineage derived from an ancestor before the 1980s and/or 1990s pandemic in Japan

ジュウスイソカ - サイスイソカホウ オ ヘイヨウシタ フーリエ ヘンカン セキガイ ブンコウ ヒョウカ ニ ヨル テンネン セルロース ノ キャラクタリゼーション

京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(農学)甲第13877号農博第1692号新制||農||954(附属図書館)学位論文||H20||N4344(農学部図書室)UT51-2008-C793京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻(主査)教授 杉山 淳司, 教授 西尾 嘉之, 教授 中野 隆人学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Agricultural ScienceKyoto UniversityDA

Near-infrared spectroscopy as a potential method for identification of anatomically similar Japanese diploxylons

A reliable technique for distinguishing anatomically similar diploxylons, Pinus densiflora and P. thunbergii, was designed by employing near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy in combination with multivariate analysis. In total, 24 wood blocks, with half of them being of P. densiflora and the rest of P. thunbergii, were selected from the collections of the Kyoto University xylarium and scrutinized to build an acceptable model for discriminating between the two species. The prediction model was constructed only from heartwood, and the best performance was obtained for wavenumbers of 7, 300–4, 000 cm−1 in the second derivative spectra. To apply this model to actual materials obtained from historical wooden buildings, 12 aging wood samples were analyzed and compared by microscopic identification. Unexpectedly, the spectral differences between the species were smaller than those caused by aging, and the prediction error was approximately 50 %. The spectra of the aging samples were quite distinct in the specific region characteristic of absorbed water (5, 220 cm−1); this was demonstrated clearly by principal component analysis. Therefore, for the proposed model to be suitable for use in practical applications, further investigations of aging wood samples and the corresponding spectroscopic data are necessary to understand the effects of aging on the spectral data

ANATOMICAL AND MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LEAF-SHEATH FIBROVASCULAR BUNDLES IN PALMS

This study presents anatomical characteristics, mechanical properties, microfibril angles (MFAs) and Klason lignin contents of leaf-sheath fibrovascular bundles from 14 palm genera (18 species). Observed by light microscopy, all fibrovascular bundles consisted equally of thick-walled sclerenchyma fibers and vascular tissue, while the shape and localization of vascular tissues on the transverse sections varied among species. It was possible to group these fibrovascular bundles into 3 types based on the vascular tissue’s differences: type A – rounded in the central region; type B – angular in the marginal region; and type C – aliform in the central region. These three anatomical types of fibrovascular bundles showed some correlation with a current phylogenetic classification of palm species. Through mechanical tests, this research confirmed the correlation between diameter and mechanical properties of the fibrovascular bundles of palms; tensile strength and Young’s modulus showed a decreasing trend with increasing diameter. We clarified that this trend was due to a marked increase in the proportion of transverse sectional area comprised by vascular tissue with increasing diameter of fibrovascular bundles. The MFAs of fibrovascular bundles ranged from 10.3º to 47.1º, which were generally larger than those of non-woody plants, conifers, and broad-leaved trees. The Klason lignin contents of palm species were also high, ranging from 18.3% to 37.8%, with a mean value of 29.6%. These large MFAs and high lignin contents could lead to the long-term plastic deformation and relatively low tensile strength of palm fibrovascular bundles

Varietal difference in cellulose microfibril dimensions observed by infrared spectroscopy

International audienceWe have previously reported a novel Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) method for evaluating both the accessibility and lateral dimensions of cellulose microfibrils. This method differs from conventional deuteration in that the OH groups in the crystalline region were initially completely deuterated. The samples were then rehydrogenated by immersing them in water at 25 C, during which only the OD groups on the surface were rehydrogenated. The ratio of OD to OH groups measured for cellulose from various origins was used to estimate microfibril dimensions, which were compared with the data from X-ray diffractometry. The rehydrogenation process was further investigated by immersing the deuterated samples in water at elevated temperatures. The behavior of rehydrogenation under heat treatment was converted to observe the microfibril shape, which was in good agreement with the cross-sectional images obtained by diffraction contrast transmission electron microscopy techniques

Preparation of fibrous cellulose by enzymatic polymerization using cross-linked mutant endoglucanase II.

A cross-linked mutant endoglucanase II was prepared for enzymatic polymerization to cellulose. The cross-linked enzyme is composed of three mutant enzymes showing polymerization activity. A characteristic feature of the polymerization with this cross-linked enzyme is formation of cellulose fibrils in contrast to plate-like crystals obtained by using a free enzyme