VERA monitoring of the radio jet 3C 84 during 2007--2013: detection of non-linear motion

We present a kinematic study of the subparsec-scale radio jet of the radio galaxy 3C 84/NGC 1275 with the VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry (VERA) array at 22 GHz for 80 epochs from 2007 October to 2013 December. The averaged radial velocity of the bright component "C3" with reference to the radio core is found to be $0.27 pm 0.02c$ between 2007 October and 2013 December. This constant velocity of C3 is naturally explained by the advancing motion of the head of the mini-radio lobe. We also find a non-linear component in the motion of C3 with respect to the radio core. We briefly discuss possible origins of this non-linear motion.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, 8 tables (table 1 - 5 are supplementaries), accepted for publication on PAS

Multifrequency VLBI Observations of the Broad Absorption Line Quasar J1020+4320: Recently Restarted Jet Activity?

This paper reports very-long-baseline interferometry observations of the radio-loud broad absorption line (BAL) quasar J1020+4320 at 1.7, 2.3, 6.7, and 8.4 GHz using the Japanese VLBI network (JVN) and European VLBI network (EVN). The radio morphology is compact with a size of ~10 pc. The convex radio spectrum is stable over the last decade; an observed peak frequency of 3.2 GHz is equivalent to 9.5 GHz in the rest frame, suggesting an age of the order of ~100 years as a radio source, according to an observed correlation between linear size and peak frequency of compact steep spectrum (CSS) and giga-hertz peaked spectrum (GPS) radio sources. A low-frequency radio excess suggests relic of past jet activity. J1020+4320 may be one of the quasars with recurrent and short-lived jet activity during a BAL-outflowing phase.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in PAS

Parabolic Jets from the Spinning Black Hole in M87

The M87 jet is extensively examined by utilizing general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations as well as the steady axisymmetric force-free electrodynamic (FFE) solution. Quasi-steady funnel jets are obtained in GRMHD simulations up to the scale of $\sim 100$ gravitational radius ($r_{\rm g}$) for various black hole (BH) spins. As is known, the funnel edge is approximately determined by the following equipartitions; i) the magnetic and rest-mass energy densities and ii) the gas and magnetic pressures. Our numerical results give an additional factor that they follow the outermost parabolic streamline of the FFE solution, which is anchored to the event horizon on the equatorial plane. We also identify the matter dominated, non-relativistic corona/wind play a dynamical role in shaping the funnel jet into the parabolic geometry. We confirm a quantitative overlap between the outermost parabolic streamline of the FFE jet and the edge of jet sheath in VLBI observations at $\sim 10^{1}$-$10^{5} \, r_{\rm g}$, suggesting that the M87 jet is likely powered by the spinning BH. Our GRMHD simulations also indicate a lateral stratification of the bulk acceleration (i.e., the spine-sheath structure) as well as an emergence of knotty superluminal features. The spin characterizes the location of the jet stagnation surface inside the funnel. We suggest that the limb-brightened feature could be associated with the nature of the BH-driven jet, if the Doppler beaming is a dominant factor. Our findings can be examined with (sub-)mm VLBI observations, giving a clue for the origin of the M87 jet.Comment: 29 pages, 23 figures, accepted for publication in Ap

The Educational Effect of Jigsaw Method for Pediatric Nursing Skill

application/pdfWe incorporate the jigsaw method which is one of the cooperative learnings after partial study into instructive means of pediatric nursing skill. And we investigate the effect of education to confirm the condition of the acquirement and the attainment of the purpose of cooperative learning referring to the self estimation of 73students （2nd grade nursing course of A university）. The rate of the answer that they could not learn the skills by jigsaw method is low, 14% taking medicine ,6% enema, 3% suction, 10% hypodermic injection. 90% of the students answered that they could learn the techniques by partial study, and 71% of them could learn from other members. So, we think the jigsaw method is adequate as the way to acquire the techniques. Jigsaw method is one of teaching-learning ways to learn the process composing safety and comfortable techniques by the cooperation between students and teachers using useful informations, and students answered that they could exchange their opinions between students（95%), between teachers and students（75%), however it needs more time than the former that is taken initiative by teachers、and the efficiency is not so good.小児看護技術の教育方法に、分担学習後に教え合う協同学習の１つであるジグソー学習法を組み入れた。その結果をA大学看護学科2年次生73人（92％）の自己評価から、技術の習得状況と協同学習の目的達成度を明らかにし、教育効果を検討した。ジグソー学習法で「習得できなかった技術」と回答した割合は、内服14%、注腸6 %、吸引3 %、皮下注射10％と少ない。分担学習で担当した技術は90％の学生が「習得できたと思う・ややそう思う」と回答し、同様にメンバーの担当した3 項目も71％と多いことから、技術の習得方法として適している。ジグソー学習法は従来の教員主導型より授業時間数を要し、効率は悪いが、「意見交換できたと思う・ややそう思う」が学生間で95％、教員と学生間で75％と多く、有用な情報を相互に利用し、学生間と教員の協力により安全で安楽な技術を構築するプロセスを学ぶ教授－学習方法の1つである。departmental bulletin pape

Parabolic Jets from the Spinning Black Hole in M87

The M87 jet is extensively examined by utilizing general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations, as well as the steady axisymmetric force-free electrodynamic (FFE) solution. Quasi-steady funnel jets are obtained in GRMHD simulations up to the scale of ~100 gravitational radii (r(sub g)) for various black hole (BH) spins. As is known, the funnel edge is approximately determined by the following equipartitions: (i) the magnetic and rest-mass energy densities and (ii) the gas and magnetic pressures. Our numerical results give an additional factor that they follow the outermost parabolic streamline of the FFE solution, which is anchored to the event horizon on the equatorial plane. We also show that the matter-dominated, nonrelativistic corona/wind plays a dynamical role in shaping the funnel jet into the parabolic geometry. We confirm a quantitative overlap between the outermost parabolic streamline of the FFE jet and the edge of the jet sheath in very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations at ~(10(exp 1)10(exp 5))r(sub g), suggesting that the M87 jet is likely powered by the spinning BH. Our GRMHD simulations also indicate a lateral stratification of the bulk acceleration (i.e., the spine-sheath structure), as well as an emergence of knotty superluminal features. The spin characterizes the location of the jet stagnation surface inside the funnel. We suggest that the limb-brightened feature could be associated with the nature of the BH-driven jet, if the Doppler beaming is a dominant factor. Our findings can be examined with (sub)millimeter VLBI observations, giving a clue for the origin of the M87 jet

Modification of single-nucleotide polymorphism in a fully humanized CYP3A mouse by genome editing technology

Abe, S., Kobayashi, K., Oji, A. et al. Modification of single-nucleotide polymorphism in a fully humanized CYP3A mouse by genome editing technology. Sci Rep 7, 15189 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-15033-

Experience of Mothers of Hikikomori Children during their High School and University Days : The Process of Mother’s Participation in a Hikikomori “Parents’ Group”

The goal of this study is to clarify the experience process up to joining a parents' group, for mothers of school refusal children who refused to go to school or university and ended up as hikikomori, refusing to go out at all. Another goal is to examine support for such mothers. Semistructured interviews were conducted with twelve mothers. By analyzing the interviews using the revised version of the grounded theory approach, five categories and twelve concepts were extracted. The central category was looking for a guidepost and this affected the other three categories. In (makeshift solution for child) mothers repeatedly tried to find some stopgap solution. In (anguish amid a sense of isolation) they struggled on alone, feeling isolated. In this process, mothers made the (decision to join a parents' group) because they wanted to meet someone who would understand, obtain useful information and have some idea of what the future might hold. Since the looking for a guidepost situation continued for some time before they made the (decision to join a parents' group) it is highly likely that these mothers' psychological state can be stabilized through an appropriate response, and that they will be able to deal with their child head on, and adopt an attitude which seeks to understand him. From the analysis results, it is suggested that “mother's acceptance” and “encouragement of supporter's understanding of hikikomori” are important elements in supporting responses to looking for a guidepost.本研究は、高校・大学時にひきこもった子どもの母親の、親の会に参加するまでの体験のプロ セスを明らかにし支援の検討を目的とした。母親12名を対象に半構造化面接を行い、面接内容を 修正版グラウンデッド・セオリー・アプローチを用いて分析した結果、５つのカテゴリーと12の 概念が抽出された。コアカテゴリーは≪探し求める道しるべ≫であり、その後の３つのカテゴ リーに影響を与えていた。〈子どもには対症療法〉でその場しのぎの対応を繰り返し〈孤独感の 中で苦悩〉し、わかる人とつながり有効な情報を得て先の展望を持ちたいという思いで〈親の会 への参加決断〉をしていた。≪探し求める道しるべ≫状態が継続していることから、ここへの適 切な対応で早期に母親の心理的安定を図ることができる可能性が高く、“母親の受容”、”支援 者のひきこもりに関する理解の促進”が重要な要素と考えられる

Pilot KaVA monitoring on the M87 jet: confirming the inner jet structure and superluminal motions at sub-pc scales

We report the initial results of our high-cadence monitoring program on the radio jet in the active galaxy M87, obtained by the KVN and VERA Array (KaVA) at 22 GHz. This is a pilot study that preceded a larger KaVA-M87 monitoring program, which is currently ongoing. The pilot monitoring was mostly performed every two to three weeks from December 2013 to June 2014, at a recording rate of 1 Gbps, obtaining the data for a total of 10 epochs. We successfully obtained a sequence of good quality radio maps that revealed the rich structure of this jet from <~1 mas to 20 mas, corresponding to physical scales (projected) of ~0.1-2 pc (or ~140-2800 Schwarzschild radii). We detected superluminal motions at these scales, together with a trend of gradual acceleration. The first evidence for such fast motions and acceleration near the jet base were obtained from recent VLBA studies at 43 GHz, and the fact that very similar kinematics are seen at a different frequency and time with a different instrument suggests these properties are fundamental characteristics of this jet. This pilot program demonstrates that KaVA is a powerful VLBI array for studying the detailed structural evolution of the M87 jet and also other relativistic jets.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in PAS

The subject and effects of a pre-graduation seminar on nursing techniques

The aim of this research is to clearly show the subject and effects of a pre-graduation seminar on nursing techniques. Prior to, and after, the seminar, as well as 3 months after the students had found jobs, the students' average experience and level of confidence were investigated. The results after the seminar were that those who could do it by themselves plus those who could do it with support was roughly over 70%, but those who could do it by themselves ranged from 20% to 60%. This latter figure is a result of the limitations of using a model doll during the seminar. Relating to average experience, those who had lot of experience in such techniques as drawing blood or giving those injections were found to be have confidence. On the other hand, those with little experience in such techniques as IVH or infusion pumps, or techniques that despite the student having a lot of experience required a lot of time, such as indwelling catheter in bladder, were found to be lacking in confidence. As for the investigation 3 months after the students had found jobs, they were generally confident of the techniques they had learned. The seminar's techniques were ones that should have been learned before graduation, such as injection, suction, and drawing blood.看護大学教育における看護実践能力の充実が問われる中、本研究は卒業前看護技術演習の効果と課題を明らかにすることを目的とした。本学では卒業前に78名中49名の学生が2週間の期間に，診療の補助技術を中心とした14項目から自主的に選択して練習した。演習前後と就職3ヵ月後で体験率と自信の程度を調査した。演習後では，自分の程度は「一人でできる」と「支援があればできる」の合計はほぼ7割以上であったが，「一人でできる」は2割から6割と幅があった。これはモデル人形を使用した技術演習の限界が考えられる。体験率との関係では体験率の高かった採血や注射等が自信につながる一方，体験率は高いが実施に時間を要する，膀胱内留置カテーテル等や体験率の低いIVH，輸液ポンプ等は自信につながりにくかった。また，就職3ヵ月後の調査では，ほとんどの技術の習得に自信を持っていた。卒業前に新人看護師として必要と考える項目は注射や吸引，採血等で今回の技術演習項目と一致していた