Der Einfluss extensiver Beweidung auf ausgewählte Tiergruppen im Oberen Eidertal

Im Projektgebiet „Weidelandschaft Eidertal“, das etwa 330 ha Mineralboden und Niedermoorfläche im Östlichen Hügelland Schleswig-Holsteins umfasst, wurde neben dem Weideverhalten der Rinder die Auswirkung des Flächenmanagements auf die Vögel, Tagfalter und Wildbienen untersucht. Das Weideverhalten der Rinder wird vorwiegend von der Futterqualität des Grünlandaufwuchses bestimmt, die sich durch die Verwendung von Futter-Wertzahlen nach KLAPP (1965) ermitteln lässt. Die Trittfestigkeit der Niedermoorböden hat dagegen eine geringe Bedeutung für die Steuerung des Weideverhaltens. Im Projektgebiet wurden 10 Vogelarten der Roten Liste Schleswig-Holsteins nachgewiesen. Für diese Arten haben die 4 bis 10 jährigen Brachen und die Extensivweiden eine gleichermaßen hohe Bedeutung. Habitatanalysen lassen positive Bestandsentwicklungen bei Wiedervernässung erwarten, Bestandrückgänge werden bei einer Ausbreitung von Gehölzen im Niedermoor bei den meisten hier nachgewiesenen gefährdeten Arten erwartet

Biodiversity management of fens and fen meadows by grazing, cutting and burning

Question: Can the biodiversity of fens in Europe and North America be maintained through the use of grazing (especially cattle grazing), fire, and/or cutting? Location: European and North American fens. Methods: This paper is a review of the literature on the effects of grazing, fire and cutting on fens, to explore the relationship between management and biodiversity in fens. Results: A reduction of cattle grazing, mowing and burning in fens has led to a reduction in biodiversity in fens. The vegetation of abandoned fens shifts to trees and shrubs after 10-15 years, which shade the smaller and rarer species of these wetlands. While careful use of fire is used to manage fens in North America, it is not widely used in European fens, perhaps because the peat of drained fens may catch fire. Cattle grazing cannot be considered a natural disturbance in North America, since cattle did not evolve on that continent. In Europe, cattle do not generally graze in unaltered fens, but they do use slightly drained fen meadows. Conclusions: Three approaches have been used to control the dominance of tall woody and herbaceous species in abandoned fens, including the re-introduction of cattle, mowing, and burning. Overgrazing results in a permanent reduction in biodiversity, therefore cattle re-introduction must be approached cautiously. In Europe, but not in North America, mowing has been an important management tool, and mowing has been successful in maintaining species richness, particularly in fens that have been mowed annually for centuries. Fire has been the most common and successful management tool in North America although it is not effective in removing shrubs that have become large. Because the problems and solutions are similar, the literature of both European and North American fen management can be analyzed to better assess the management of fens on both continents. Many management questions require further study and these are listed in the paper

Moor muss nass, aber wie? – Ergebnisbericht der Sektionstagung in Lübbenau

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