Ranking of Countries in the Global Economic World

In the context of globalization and the development of digital economy, an important instrument for evaluating the potential of countries and their integration into the international economic space are ratings of globalization indices, of economic freedom and global competitiveness. The article is aimed at highlighting the methods of calculating ratings and applying them to measure different aspects of macroeconomic status of countries. The key provisions of rating methods and algorithms for generalization of primary data in calculation of ratings are presented; a characterization and sequence of procedures for determining the indices of the globalization index and economic freedom index are provided, and the positions of countries in the system of these indicators are analyzed; strengths and weaknesses of the national economy are identified in the context of global development. The relatively low level of Ukraine in the ratings of globalization and economic freedom testifies to its economic, political and social instability. To achieve progress, more effective action is needed in the countering corruption, development of the capital market, privatization of State-owned enterprises, improvement of the legal framework, and ensuring the rule of law

The Ambivalence of Rating in the Conditions of Modern Economic Transformations

The article proves the ambiguous role of rating in the mechanism of economic transformations as the most important instrument, which norms the process of consolidation of significant volumes of information and acquires an opportunity to influence the choice of actors in implementation of economic transformations. The authors allocate the functions of ratings, among which are: basic (analytical, gradual, signaling, and substantiating); derived (reduction of information asymmetry, reduction of transaction costs), and deemed (materialized through the perception of ratings as a means of competition between the subjects of rating process, as a means of attracting investments and as a means of comparison of the potential of economic development of different objects of rating). The peculiarities of the expert-analytical procedure of rating are considered, on the basis of which the possibility of intentional and unintentional manipulating its results is substantiated, the factors of this process are determined. A polysystem of ratings of the modern economy is built, new classifications of ratings by the content structure, by the level of data generalization, and also by subjects of development and quantity of constituents, are presented

Evolution of the Institution of Rating in the Mechanism of Economic Transformations

Under conditions of the development of the modern market economic system, which is characterized by the accumulation of large volumes of information, an increase in its asymmetry, complication of processing and generalization, rankings play an important role as an effective consolidating tool for decision-making. The development of the rating process is logical within the mechanism of modern economic transformations, and the increasing role of rating in the context of imperfect information is confirmed by the significant demand for its practical application and turns it into an important institution of the digital economy. The aim of the article is to study the evolution of the institution of rating, starting with the analysis of the historical prerequisites for the emergence of rankings and rating agencies, as well as to consider the descriptors of its institutionalization in the process of economic transformations. It is substantiated that the development of rating, change of its historical forms is due to the specificity of rating services, the demand for production of which depends on the amount of information available to business entities, its distribution between them and the performance by rankings of derived functions: reducing information asymmetry and transaction costs. On this basis, in the process of economic transformations, three stages of rating institutionalization are singled out: the emergence of communication and the beginning of the formation of demand for rating under conditions of absolute lack of information; an increase in the demand for rating services (mainly in the financial and credit sphere) and, as a result, an increase in the number of rating agencies and the formation of a market for rating services; globalization of the market of rating services and the acquisition by rating of a polysystemic character

The Quazi-Adaptive Forecasting of Innovation Activity of Ukrainian Enterprises

With the help of the quazi-adaptive model of innovative activity of enterprises of Ukraine, the forecast estimations of the indicator of innovative activity of enterprises of Ukraine for 2019–2021 have been found and researched. The idea of the quazi-adaptive forecasting method consists in accounting the changes in the parameter mark in adaptive models. The behavior of the indicator of innovative activity of Ukrainian enterprises has a characteristic cyclicity that resembles a bucket or cezve in a cut. This figure is suggested to be called the «innovation bucket». The decrease of innovation activity of enterprises in the average by one percent is forecasted. The quazi-adaptive approach to forecasting of innovative activity of enterprises allows to take into consideration not only the adaptive features of behavior of a time series as a whole, but also features of the mark changes present in the model of parameters, interrelation of its components. This makes possible to explore the internal structure of the time series and is positive for practical use