Basal cell carcinoma involving tip and alar area of nose in a patient of hills of Uttarakhand: report of a rare case and review of literature

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) account for the vast majority of non-melanoma skin cancers (75%) and well over 25 percent of all cancers diagnosed each year. BCC has a predilection for fair-skinned individuals but can occur in Latin American and African American patients.   Treatment of this tumour revolves around surgical excision or radiation therapy. Surgical excision can be accomplished using a variety of techniques including curettage and electrodessication, Mohs’ surgery and wide surgical excision. A case of BCC occurring in a lady of hilly areas of Uttarakhand, India and was treated with wide surgical excision and repaired with nasolabial flap has been described here.

Pediatric Fibromyxoma Maxilla – A rare entity

Fibromyxoma is a rare benign tumour of mesenchymal origin that mostly involves the posterior part of the mandible. It is a locally aggressive and slowly growing painless tumour that mostly occurs in second and third decades of life. We report a case of 2 years old child with huge mass of the right maxilla. After proper diagnosis mass was completely excised via sublabial approach and reported histopathologically as fibromyxoma. Because of its rarity in the maxilla and in this age, it is being reported here

Basal cell carcinoma involving tip and alar area of nose in a patient of hills of Uttarakhand: report of a rare case and review of literature

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) account for the vast majority of non-melanoma skin cancers (75%) and well over 25 percent of all cancers diagnosed each year. BCC has a predilection for fair-skinned individuals but can occur in Latin American and African American patients.   Treatment of this tumour revolves around surgical excision or radiation therapy. Surgical excision can be accomplished using a variety of techniques including curettage and electrodessication, Mohs’ surgery and wide surgical excision. A case of BCC occurring in a lady of hilly areas of Uttarakhand, India and was treated with wide surgical excision and repaired with nasolabial flap has been described here.

Post-Covid mucormycosis presenting as retropharyngeal abscess: a rare case report

Abstract Background Post-Covid retropharyngeal mucormycosis is a rare presentation, and no case has been reported in literature until date. Case presentation A-32-year-old female post Covid presented to our OPD with history of dysphagia and with a history of steroid intake. Radiology confirmed it as retropharyngeal abscess. Endoscopic-guided aspiration was done. HPE (histopathological examination) revealed classic broad aseptate hyphae of mucormycosis. Patient was managed conservatively with broad-spectrum antifungal. Conclusion Retropharyngeal mucormycosis is a rare entity in Covid era. Rapid diagnosis and management are needed to save life of an individual, or results could be fatal

Oral Submucous Fibrosis- Correlation between Clinical Findings and Histopathological Grading

Introduction Oral Submucous fibrosis (OSMF) occurs in young adults, who are in the habit of chewing tobacco mixed with areca nut and its various commercially available preparations. The disease results in progressive inability to open the mouth due to the submucosal fibrosis initiated by chronic inflammation affecting mainly oral mucosa. Authors undertook the present study to correlate the clinical features of OSMF to histopathological features and to find out aetiopathological factors of this condition. Materials and Methods A total of 123 clinically diagnosed OSMF patients, in the age range of 17 to 70 years were studied. Mouth opening was measured using a scale and was recorded in millimeters. Incisional biopsy was taken from the representative areas in the oral cavity. The patients were graded clinically and histopathologically and results were analyzed and discussed. Result Most of the patients were in the age group of 20-30 years (37.4%) with male predominance. The duration of either tobacco or areca nut chewing ranged from 1 to 35 yrs. Most patients had these habits for 6-19 yrs. Majority (55.3% & 54.5%) of the patients belonged to grade-2 (clinical grading) and intermediate grade (HPE grading) respectively. The HPE grading showed significant and direct association with duration of ill habits. The HPE grading showed significant and direct association with clinical grading (χ2=204.08, p<0.001). Discussion The HPE grading showed significant and direct association with duration of ill habits and also with clinical findings of restriction of mouth opening and inter incisal distance. The HPE findings showed significant and direct association with clinical grading i.e. when the clinical grading increases, the histopathological grading also increases. Conclusion OSMF is a disease with a high incidence. It also carries a significant risk of transformation to oral cancer. As no effective medical and surgical treatment is available for this condition; it is desirable to diagnose OSMF at early stages

Oral Submucous Fibrosis- Correlation between Clinical Findings and Histopathological Grading

Introduction Oral Submucous fibrosis (OSMF) occurs in young adults, who are in the habit of chewing tobacco mixed with areca nut and its various commercially available preparations. The disease results in progressive inability to open the mouth due to the submucosal fibrosis initiated by chronic inflammation affecting mainly oral mucosa. Authors undertook the present study to correlate the clinical features of OSMF to histopathological features and to find out aetiopathological factors of this condition. Materials and Methods A total of 123 clinically diagnosed OSMF patients, in the age range of 17 to 70 years were studied. Mouth opening was measured using a scale and was recorded in millimeters. Incisional biopsy was taken from the representative areas in the oral cavity. The patients were graded clinically and histopathologically and results were analyzed and discussed. Result Most of the patients were in the age group of 20-30 years (37.4%) with male predominance. The duration of either tobacco or areca nut chewing ranged from 1 to 35 yrs. Most patients had these habits for 6-19 yrs. Majority (55.3% & 54.5%) of the patients belonged to grade-2 (clinical grading) and intermediate grade (HPE grading) respectively. The HPE grading showed significant and direct association with duration of ill habits. The HPE grading showed significant and direct association with clinical grading (χ2=204.08, p<0.001). Discussion The HPE grading showed significant and direct association with duration of ill habits and also with clinical findings of restriction of mouth opening and inter incisal distance. The HPE findings showed significant and direct association with clinical grading i.e. when the clinical grading increases, the histopathological grading also increases. Conclusion OSMF is a disease with a high incidence. It also carries a significant risk of transformation to oral cancer. As no effective medical and surgical treatment is available for this condition; it is desirable to diagnose OSMF at early stages

A multi-omic analysis to characterize cigarette smoke induced molecular alterations in esophageal cells

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common cancers with high mortality rate. Smoking is one of the established risk factors of ESCC. However, there is limited data on molecular alterations associated with cigarette smoke exposure in esophageal cells. Understanding the effects of cigarette smoke on esophageal squamous epithelial cells at a molecular level would lead to a better understanding of the pathobiology of ESCC which has implications for identification of early biomarkers and therapeutic targets. To investigate the effect of cigarette smoke exposure, we developed a cell line model where Het1A cells (non-neoplastic human esophageal epithelial cells) were chronically treated with cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) for 2 months, 4 months, 6 months and 8 months. We carried out comparative proteomic, phosphoproteomic and whole exome sequencing analyses on CSC treated and untreated cells. Increased cell proliferation, invasion and anchorage independent growth of Het1A cells was observed after chronic exposure to cigarette smoke. Using quantitative proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses, we identified 35 proteins and 118 phosphoproteins that showed differential expression. Bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed proteins and phosphoproteins showed enrichment of molecules involved in DNA damage response pathway. To further understand the mutational burden associated with cigarette smoke, we did whole exome sequencing of CSC treated and untreated cells which also revealed mutations and copy number alterations in genes associated with DNA damage response. By correlating WES, proteomic and phosphoproteomic results, we observed potential loss of function in HMGN2 and MED1 that were reported as potential tumor suppressors and are known to play important role in DNA damage response. We also observed decreased expression of HMGN2 in tissue section of ESCC. Overexpression of HMGN2 and MED1 lead to decreased proliferative and invasive ability of CSC treated cells. These findings suggest that cigarette smoke affects genes and proteins associated with DNA damage response pathways which might play a vital role in development of ESCC