持久性運動が血清 Fibroblast growth factor 21濃度に及ぼす影響

早大学位記番号:新7103早稲田大

Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidative Defense in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

The respiratory system is continuously exposed to endogenous and exogenous oxidants. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways, leading to the destruction of lung parenchyma (emphysema) and declining pulmonary function. It is increasingly obvious that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) contribute to the progression and amplification of the inflammatory responses related to this disease. First, we described the association between cigarette smoking, the most representative exogenous oxidant, and COPD and then presented the multiple pathophysiological aspects of ROS and antioxidative defense systems in the development and progression of COPD. Second, the relationship between nitric oxide system (endothelial) dysfunction and oxidative stress has been discussed. Third, we have provided data on the use of these biomarkers in the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in COPD and its progression and presented an overview of oxidative stress biomarkers having clinical applications in respiratory medicine, including those in exhaled breath, as per recent observations. Finally, we explained the findings of recent clinical and experimental studies evaluating the efficacy of antioxidative interventions for COPD. Future breakthroughs in antioxidative therapy may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of COPD.</p

Parental influence on their children\u27s mating relationships among Japanese adolescents

This study was a partial replication study of Faulkner and Schaller (2007), and examined parental vigilance over children\u27s mating behavior and relationships among Japanese adolescents. Participants were 159 Japanese university students (73 men and 86 women) with a mean age of 21.04 years. All participants answered questionnaires assessing perceived relationship vigilance by both of their parents. Participants were instructed to rate the extent that each of their parents would be aware of and concerned about the progression of two types of relationships (casual and serious relationships). The primary results were that (a) female participants reported more parental vigilance than male participants; (b) mothers were perceived to be more vigilant than fathers; (c) parents were perceived to be more vigilant of serious relationships than casual relationships; (d) the effect of participant\u27s sex emerged within the context of serious relationships．These results are highly consistent with Faulkner and Schaller\u27s（2007）results．　

児童・生徒のサポートの互恵性とストレス反応－友人関係の発達的変化からの検討－

This study focused on developmental changes in friendships, and examined the relationship of support reciprocity and stress responses, taking specific account of Austin andWalster’s (1974, 1975) concepts of person-specific equity and equity with the world. The participants were 127 elementary, 216 junior high, and 262 high school students in Japan. They provided names of their three close friends and were asked about the exchange of support with each friend, in addition to responding to a stress response scale. The results indicated that the support reciprocity of the best friend and the second best friend, and the total support reciprocity of all the three close friends had a significant quadratic relationship to stress responses among the high school students

サポートの互恵性と精神的健康に関する縦断的研究（２）― 中学生の友人関係初期に着目して―

This study focuses on the early stage of friendship development, and longitudinally examines the relationship between support reciprocity and mental health among junior high school students. The participants were 118 new students of junior high school (74 boys and 44 girls). A questionnaire package was administered at two weeks, four weeks, and three months after matriculation. At the first time of investigation, they were asked to choose a new friend they got acquainted upon matriculation, and to complete questionnaires that measured support receiving and giving in a friendship, stress responses, and relationship intimacy each time. For students whose relationship with a friend remained at a superficial level at three months after entering school, support receiving and giving in a friendship decreased over time. At either time of study, support reciprocity did not correlate significantly with stress responses, confirming the previousresearch results

A Case of Severe Bronchial Asthma Controlled with Tacrolimus

Background. The control of severe bronchial asthma, such as corticosteroid-resistant asthma, is difficult. It is also possible that immunosuppressive agents would be effective for bronchial asthma. Case Summary. A 55-year-old Japanese female presented with severe bronchial asthma controlled with tacrolimus. She had been diagnosed with bronchial asthma during childhood. Her asthma worsened, and a chest radiograph showed atelectasis of the left lung. Bronchoscopy revealed the left main bronchus to be obstructed with viscous sputum consisting of 82% neutrophils and no eosinophils. The atelectasis did not improve with corticosteroid treatment, but was ameliorated by administration of tacrolimus. Discussion. This patient had severe asthma due to neutrophilic inflammation of the airways. Tacrolimus is effective for treating severe asthma, for example, in corticosteroid-resistant cases