Strong-Field Perspective on High-Harmonic Radiation from Bulk Solids

Mechanisms of high-harmonic generation from crystals are described by treating the electric field of a laser as a quasi-static strong field. Under the quasi-static electric field, electrons in periodic potentials form dressed states, known as Wannier-Stark states. The energy differences between the dressed states determine the frequencies of the radiation. The radiation yield is determined by the magnitudes of the inter-band and intra-band current matrix elements between the dressed states. The generation of attosecond pulses from solids is predicted. Ramifications for strong-field physics are discussed.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure

Oral Tacrolimus in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis

Tacrolimus is a macrolide immunosuppressant that is structurally similar to rapamycin and has been found to have potent immunosuppressive properties, showing 10- to 100-fold higher potency for inhibiting lymphocyte activation than cyclosporine A (CsA). Because less variability in absorption and serum levels is observed among patients treated with tacrolimus compared with those who receive oral CsA, tacrolimus has been suggested to be more easily and safely administered to patients with refractory ulcerative colitis (UC) than CsA. However, because oral tacrolimus has a slower onset of action than intravenous CsA and food intake is known to reduce tacrolimus serum trough levels due to its low absorption rate, the proper method for administration of oral tacrolimus has not been determined. Moreover, the long-term effects of oral tacrolimus also remain unclear. In this chapter, key issues regarding the use of oral tacrolimus in patients with UC are reviewed

Optical control of magnetization of micron-size domains in antiferromagnetic NiO single crystals

We propose Raman-induced collinear difference-frequency generation (DFG) as a method to manipulate dynamical magnetization. When a fundamental beam propagates along a threefold rotational axis, this coherent second-order optical process is permitted by angular momentum conservation through the rotational analogue of the Umklapp process. As a demonstration, we experimentally obtained polarization properties of collinear magnetic DFG along a [111] axis of a single crystal of antiferromagnetic NiO with micro multidomain structure, which excellently agreed with the theoretical prediction.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Physical Review Letter

MOTION OF CENTRE OF PRESSURE DURING STANDING ON TIP TOE ON ONE LEG: ASSOCIATION WITH FOREFOOT SHAPE OF CLASSIC BALLET DANCERS

This study clarified how the centre of pressure (COP) is kept in the forefoot area during standing on tip toe on one leg by classical ballet dancers. During standing on tip toe on one leg with ballet shoes, the weight is distributed around the first and second toes and at the distal point of the second metatarsal bone ideally. Thus, the supporting surface during standing on tip toe on one leg would be affected by alignment of the metatarsal bones. Motions of the COP during standing on tip toe on one leg were investigated for ten female recreational dancers and six female professional dancers in classical ballet. The results suggested that balance holding time tended to be longer as the distal points of the metatarsal bones aligned more like a straight line in recreational dancers

Multichannel Voice Trigger Detection Based on Transform-average-concatenate

Voice triggering (VT) enables users to activate their devices by just speaking a trigger phrase. A front-end system is typically used to perform speech enhancement and/or separation, and produces multiple enhanced and/or separated signals. Since conventional VT systems take only single-channel audio as input, channel selection is performed. A drawback of this approach is that unselected channels are discarded, even if the discarded channels could contain useful information for VT. In this work, we propose multichannel acoustic models for VT, where the multichannel output from the frond-end is fed directly into a VT model. We adopt a transform-average-concatenate (TAC) block and modify the TAC block by incorporating the channel from the conventional channel selection so that the model can attend to a target speaker when multiple speakers are present. The proposed approach achieves up to 30% reduction in the false rejection rate compared to the baseline channel selection approach