Testamente Bamberger Frauen des 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts

Testamente werden in der historischen Forschung bereits seit geraumer Zeit als wichtige Quellen für die Geschichte der sozialen Beziehungen, der materiellen Kultur, der Frömmigkeitspraktiken und der Einstellungen zum Tod betrachtet. Der vorliegende Band untersucht erstmals systematisch ein Korpus von 84 archivalisch überlieferten Testamenten, die Bamberger Frauen zwischen 1510 und 1700 diktierten. Die Erblasserinnen kamen aus unterschiedlichen sozialen Milieus – das Spektrum umfasst Adelige, Beamtenwitwen, Handwerkerfrauen und Klerikermägde –, und ihre letztwilligen Verfügungen gewähren aufschlussreiche Einblicke in Lebenssituationen, persönliche Erfahrungen und soziale Netzwerke in einer frühneuzeitlichen Bischofsstadt.Historical researchers have long realized the value of wills as sources for the history of social relations, material culture, practices of piety and attitudes towards death. The present volume provides the first systematic analysis of 84 archival wills which women in Bamberg dictated between 1510 and 1700. The testators came from different social strata – including noblewomen, widows of public officials, artisans‘ wives and maids of clergymen – and their last wills provide revealing insights into life situations, personal experiences and social networks in an early modern cathedral town

Rivaroxaban with or without aspirin in stable cardiovascular disease

BACKGROUND: We evaluated whether rivaroxaban alone or in combination with aspirin would be more effective than aspirin alone for secondary cardiovascular prevention. METHODS: In this double-blind trial, we randomly assigned 27,395 participants with stable atherosclerotic vascular disease to receive rivaroxaban (2.5 mg twice daily) plus aspirin (100 mg once daily), rivaroxaban (5 mg twice daily), or aspirin (100 mg once daily). The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death, stroke, or myocardial infarction. The study was stopped for superiority of the rivaroxaban-plus-aspirin group after a mean follow-up of 23 months. RESULTS: The primary outcome occurred in fewer patients in the rivaroxaban-plus-aspirin group than in the aspirin-alone group (379 patients [4.1%] vs. 496 patients [5.4%]; hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66 to 0.86; P<0.001; z=−4.126), but major bleeding events occurred in more patients in the rivaroxaban-plus-aspirin group (288 patients [3.1%] vs. 170 patients [1.9%]; hazard ratio, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.40 to 2.05; P<0.001). There was no significant difference in intracranial or fatal bleeding between these two groups. There were 313 deaths (3.4%) in the rivaroxaban-plus-aspirin group as compared with 378 (4.1%) in the aspirin-alone group (hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.71 to 0.96; P=0.01; threshold P value for significance, 0.0025). The primary outcome did not occur in significantly fewer patients in the rivaroxaban-alone group than in the aspirin-alone group, but major bleeding events occurred in more patients in the rivaroxaban-alone group. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with stable atherosclerotic vascular disease, those assigned to rivaroxaban (2.5 mg twice daily) plus aspirin had better cardiovascular outcomes and more major bleeding events than those assigned to aspirin alone. Rivaroxaban (5 mg twice daily) alone did not result in better cardiovascular outcomes than aspirin alone and resulted in more major bleeding events