Policultivo del acocil (Procambarus acanthophorus) y tilapia del Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) como estrategia de uso sustentable del agua

Background. The crayfish Procambarus acanthophorus has a high potential for cultivation; however, it is necessary to evaluate its performance in polyculture with tilapia as a strategy for sustainable production in the rural sector where resources are limited. Goals. Assess the effect of polyculture of the crayfish and tilapia by measuring survival and growth. Methods. Three methods of cultivation with three replicates were evaluated: T1) crayfish monoculture, T2) polyculture crayfish/tilapia and T3) tilapia monoculture. Nine high-density polyethylene tanks (3 m diameter × 1.2 m deep) were used during the trial. The tilapia were fed commercial feed, 32/5% protein / lipids, while the crayfish were given commercial shrimp feed with 35/7% protein / lipids. The productive efficiency of mono- and biculture was determined based on survival feeding efficiency and growth performance. Results. Contrary to what was expected, interspecific competition, space, food availability, and weight gain of crayfish were similar in all treatments, whereas survival was influenced by the treatment, particularly during polyculture, where it was observed that tilapia affected the survival of crayfish. Unlike crayfish, tilapia maintained similar growth and survival in all treatments. Conclusions. The results indicate that polyculture of crayfish/tilapia in a recirculation system is possible and promotes the use of the water column. However, it is necessary to consider the antagonistic effect between species.Antecedentes. Los cangrejos de río Procambarus acanthophorus, tiene un alto potencial de cultivo; sin embargo, es necesario evaluar su desempeño en policultivo con tilapia como estrategia de producción sustentable para el sector rural, donde los recursos son limitados. Objetivos. Evaluar el efecto del policultivo del acocil y la tilapia en la supervivencia y el crecimiento. Métodos. Se evaluaron tres esquemas de cultivo con tres réplicas: T1) monocultivo de acocil, T2) policultivo acocil/; T3) monocultivo de tilapia. Nueve tanques de polietileno de alta densidad (3 m diámetro x 1.2 m profundidad) fueron usados durante el estudio. Las tilapias se alimentaron con alimento comercial con 32/5% proteína/lípidos, mientras que a los acociles se les dio alimento comercial de camarón con 35/7% proteína/lípidos. La eficiencia productiva en el mono- y bicultivo se determinó en base a la supervivencia, eficiencia alimenticia y crecimiento. Resultados. Contrario a lo esperado en relación con la competencia interespecífica, espacio y disponibilidad de alimento, fue similar el peso ganado de los acociles en todos los tratamientos, mientras que su supervivencia estuvo influenciada por los tratamientos, particularmente en el policultivo, en donde se observó que la tilapia afectó la supervivencia de los acociles. A diferencia de los acociles, las tilapias presentaron una supervivencia y crecimiento similar en todos los tratamientos. Conclusiones. Los resultados indican que es posible realizar el policultivo de acocil/tilapia en un sistema de recirculación, lo que promueve el aprovechamiento de la columna de agua, considerando sin embargo el efecto antagónico entre especies

Consenso colombiano de atención, diagnóstico y manejo de la infección por SARS-COV-2/COVID-19 en establecimientos de atención de la salud Recomendaciones basadas en consenso de expertos e informadas en la evidencia

The “Asociación Colombiana de Infectología” (ACIN) and the “Instituto de Evaluación de Nuevas Tecnologías de la Salud” (IETS) created a task force to develop recommendations for Covid 19 health care diagnosis, management and treatment informed, and based, on evidence. Theses reccomendations are addressed to the health personnel on the Colombian context of health services. © 2020 Asociacion Colombiana de Infectologia. All rights reserved

Centrality evolution of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density over a broad pseudorapidity range in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76TeV

Peer reviewe

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Aprovechamiento de metabolitos nitrogenados del cultivo de tilapia en un sistema acuapónico

During tilapia production cycle (six months), mushrooms, green fodder and cucurbits were conducted in an aquaponic system to evaluate their efficiency in the removal and use of nitrogenous waste. For the study, a recirculation system of three circular tanks of 7m³ was used, where 64 tilapias per m³ (0.35 ± 0.18 g) were stocked. During the first phase, three mushroom cultivation cycles of 20 d were developed in two systems: Aquaponic and traditional irrigation. Subsequently, six 12 d of growth cycles for green fodders (yellow and white maize, wheat and sorghum), and finally one 45 d cucumber and watermelon bicultivation cycles were done. The total cumulative mushroom production in the aquaponic treatment during the three cycles was 16 % higher than the obtained in the traditional treatment. Most of forage production in total fresh biomass was obtained with wheat (47.55 kg), however The higher length in the stems (27 ± 2.20 cm) and the greater nitrogen metabolite removal efficiency were achieved with white maize. The cucumber and watermelon plants produced fruits until the second month of culture with total yield of 27.15 kg and 4.84 kg, respectively, and also they are the most efficient to leverage metabolites versus mushrooms and fodder. With the above results, it can be concluded, that during the tilapia production, it is possible to grow various vegetables, and take advantage of nitrogenous metabolites by aquaponic practices.En un ciclo de producción de tilapia, se realizó el cultivo de hongos setas, forrajes verdes y cucurbitáceas en un sistema acuapónico, con el objetivo de evaluar la eficiencia en la remoción y aprovechamiento de desechos nitrogenados. Para el estudio se usó un sistema de recirculación de tres tinas circulares de 7 m³, en las que se sembraron 64 tilapias por m³. En la primera fase, se mantuvieron tres ciclos de cultivo de setas de 20 d, en dos sistemas: acuaponía y riego tradicional. Posteriormente, se realizaron seis ciclos de 12 d de crecimiento de cuatro forrajes verdes: maíz amarillo y blanco, trigo y sorgo, para luego realizar un ciclo de 45 d de pepino y sandía en bicultivo. La producción acumulada total de setas en el tratamiento de acuaponía durante los tres ciclos fue 16 % superior al obtenido con riego tradicional. La mayor producción de forraje en biomasa total fresca se obtuvo el trigo (47.55 kg); la mayor longitud de tallos (27 ± 2.20 cm) y eficiencia de remoción de metabolitos nitrogenados en el maíz blanco. Las plantas de pepino y sandía produjeron frutos al segundo mes de cultivo, con rendimiento de 27.15 y 4.84 kg, respectivamente, las cuales fueron más eficientes en aprovechar los metabolitos que las setas y los forrajes. En el ciclo de producción producción de tilapia se puede cultivar diferentes vegetales y aprovechar los metabolitos nitrogenados con acuaponía

Consenso colombiano de atención, diagnóstico y manejo de la infección por SARS-COV-2/COVID-19 en establecimientos de atención de la salud Recomendaciones basadas en consenso de expertos e informadas en la evidencia

The “Asociación Colombiana de Infectología” (ACIN) and the “Instituto de Evaluación de Nuevas Tecnologías de la Salud” (IETS) created a task force to develop recommendations for Covid 19 health care diagnosis, management and treatment informed, and based, on evidence. Theses reccomendations are addressed to the health personnel on the Colombian context of health services. © 2020 Asociacion Colombiana de Infectologia. All rights reserved

The database of the PREDICTS (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems) project

The PREDICTS project—Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.uk)—has collated from published studies a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use. We have used this evidence base to develop global and regional statistical models of how local biodiversity responds to these measures. We describe and make freely available this 2016 release of the database, containing more than 3.2 million records sampled at over 26,000 locations and representing over 47,000 species. We outline how the database can help in answering a range of questions in ecology and conservation biology. To our knowledge, this is the largest and most geographically and taxonomically representative database of spatial comparisons of biodiversity that has been collated to date; it will be useful to researchers and international efforts wishing to model and understand the global status of biodiversity

Suppression of charged particle production at large transverse momentum in central Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN=2.76 TeV

Inclusive transverse momentum spectra of primary charged particles in Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN=2.76 TeV have been measured by the ALICE Collaboration at the LHC. The data are presented for central and peripheral collisions, corresponding to 0–5% and 70–80% of the hadronic Pb–Pb cross section. The measured charged particle spectra in |η|<0.8 and 0.3<pT<20 GeV/c are compared to the expectation in pp collisions at the same sNN, scaled by the number of underlying nucleon–nucleon collisions. The comparison is expressed in terms of the nuclear modification factor RAA. The result indicates only weak medium effects (RAA≈0.7) in peripheral collisions. In central collisions, RAA reaches a minimum of about 0.14 at pT=6–7 GeV/c and increases significantly at larger pT. The measured suppression of high-pT particles is stronger than that observed at lower collision energies, indicating that a very dense medium is formed in central Pb–Pb collisions at the LHC