Формирование эмоциональной культуры как компонента инновационной культуры студентов

Homozygosity has long been associated with rare, often devastating, Mendelian disorders1 and Darwin was one of the first to recognise that inbreeding reduces evolutionary fitness2. However, the effect of the more distant parental relatedness common in modern human populations is less well understood. Genomic data now allow us to investigate the effects of homozygosity on traits of public health importance by observing contiguous homozygous segments (runs of homozygosity, ROH), which are inferred to be homozygous along their complete length. Given the low levels of genome-wide homozygosity prevalent in most human populations, information is required on very large numbers of people to provide sufficient power3,4. Here we use ROH to study 16 health-related quantitative traits in 354,224 individuals from 102 cohorts and find statistically significant associations between summed runs of homozygosity (SROH) and four complex traits: height, forced expiratory lung volume in 1 second (FEV1), general cognitive ability (g) and educational attainment (nominal p<1 × 10−300, 2.1 × 10−6, 2.5 × 10−10, 1.8 × 10−10). In each case increased homozygosity was associated with decreased trait value, equivalent to the offspring of first cousins being 1.2 cm shorter and having 10 months less education. Similar effect sizes were found across four continental groups and populations with different degrees of genome-wide homozygosity, providing convincing evidence for the first time that homozygosity, rather than confounding, directly contributes to phenotypic variance. Contrary to earlier reports in substantially smaller samples5,6, no evidence was seen of an influence of genome-wide homozygosity on blood pressure and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, or ten other cardio-metabolic traits. Since directional dominance is predicted for traits under directional evolutionary selection7, this study provides evidence that increased stature and cognitive function have been positively selected in human evolution, whereas many important risk factors for late-onset complex diseases may not have been

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P &lt; 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Design and fabrication of a midinfrared photonic crystal defect cavity in indium antimonide

Simulation results and fabrication details are presented for a two-dimensional photonic crystal membrane defect cavity for use as a laser in gas sensing and communications applications in the 3–4 µm wavelength range. The design is based on a modified L3 cavity in an aluminium–indium–gallium–antimonide membrane structure which contains two strained quantum wells. Peak emission is predicted at λ = 3.372 µm with a Q factor of 26 233 for an optimized membrane thickness of 1000 nm. A focused ion beam procedure is described for creating the membrane directly in a Fabry–Perot laser structure. A 400 nm thick membrane is fabricated and the photonic crystal pattern is etched into the membrane

Evento científico para promover o conhecimento sobre o mel de abelhas sem ferrão: 1. Composição físico-química.

A scientific event to promote knowledge regarding honey from stingless bees: 1. Physical-chemical composition (Vit Olivier, Patricia; Marchini, Luis Carlos; Fernández Díaz, Cecilia; Tricio, Aida Esther; Villas Bôas, Jerônimo Khan; Rodríguez M., Antonio Jesús; Almeida, Daniela; Almeida Souza, Bruno y Heard, Tim Ashley) Abstract When compared to honey produced by Apis mellifera, honey from stingless bees is little known by the general public. Also, analysts and supervision agencies are faced with difficulties due to the lack of standards for honey produced in "pots" instead of "honeycomb", although it has been widely appreciated before Colombus. A scientific event about honey was promoted in the city of Merida, Venezuela, 2005 in order to obtain honey samples from worldwide stingless bees, whereas six entries were received for the analysis. The identification of the meliponines that produced the honey samples was carried out in order to confirm their entomological origin. This scientific event was suggested to broaden the data bank regarding honey produced by Meliponines, for the International Honey Commission, featuring its standardization. Honey samples produced by six meliponine species from four countries were analyzed as follows: Melipona favosa (Venezuela), Tetragonisca fiebrigi (Argentina), M. compressipes manaosensis and M. seminigra pernigra (Brazil), Trigona carbonaria and Austroplebeia symei (Austrália). The physico-chemical properties of their honey varied as follows: antioxidant activity (0.0-299.7) uM Trolox equivalents, ash (0.01-0.90) g.100 g-1 honey; diastase activity (0.0-34.7) DN, free acidity (14.0-257.8) meq.kg-1 honey, HMF (15.0-33.2) mg.kg honey, moisture content (23.0-29.8) g.100 g-1 honey, nitrogen (27.7-131.5) mg.100 g-1 honey, reducing sugars (48.0-73.7) g.100 g-1 honey, sucrose (0.7-2.8) g.100 g-1 honey, vitamin C (17.7-26.9) mg.100 g-1 honey. Besides promoting the knowledge regarding honey from stingless bees, this work is a contribution for the data bank in order to adjust the quality standards of honey from stingless bees. Evento científico para promover o conhecimento sobre o mel de abelhas sem ferrão: 1. Composição físico-química (Vit Olivier, Patricia; Marchini, Luis Carlos; Fernández Díaz, Cecilia; Tricio, Aida Esther; Villas Bôas, Jerônimo Khan; Rodríguez M., Antonio Jesús; Almeida, Daniela; Almeida Souza, Bruno y Heard, Tim Ashley) Resumo Quando comparado ao mel produzido por Apis mellifera, o mel de abelhas sem ferrão é pouco conhecido pelo público em geral. Também os analistas e órgãos fiscalizadores enfrentam dificuldades devido à falta de padrões para o mel produzido em "potes" ao invés de "favos", embora este tenha sido amplamente apreciado desde antes de Colombo. Uma mostra científica sobre mel foi promovida na cidade de Mérida, Venezuela, 2005, para obter amostras de méis de abelhas sem ferrão do mundo, sendo recebidas seis amostras para análises. A identificação dos meliponíneos que produziram as amostras de méis foi feita para confirmar sua origem entomológica. A realização desta mostra científica foi sugerida para ampliar o banco de dados sobre o mel produzido por Meliponini, para a Comissão Internacional de Mel, enfocando a sua padronização. Amostras de méis produzidas por seis espécies de meliponíneos de quatro países foram analisadas: Melipona favosa (Venezuela), Tetragonisca fiebrigi (Argentina), M. compressipes manaosensis e M. seminigra pernigra (Brasil), Trigona carbonaria e Austroplebeia symei (Australia). As propriedades fisico-quimicas de seus meis variaram como segue: atividade antioxidante (0,0-299,7) uM equivalentes de Trolox, cinzas (0,01-0,90) g.100 g-1 ; atividade diastasica (0,0-34,7) DN, acidez livre (14,0-257,8) meq.kg-1 , HMF (15,0-33,2) mg.kg -1, umidade (23,0-29,8) g.100 g-1, nitrogenio (27,7-131,5) mg.100 g-1, acucares redutores (48,0-73,7) g.100 g-1, sacarose (0,7-2,8) g.100 g-1, vitamina C (17,7-26,9) mg.100 g-1. Alem de promover o conhecimento sobre o mel das abelhas sem ferrao, este trabalho e uma contribuicao para o banco de dados para ajuste de padroes de qualidade do mel de abelhas sem ferrao. Artículo publicado en Magistra, Cruz das Almas-BA. V. 18, n. 4, p. 270-276, out./dez., [email protected]@[email protected], [email protected]@[email protected] monográfic

Composición de la miel de abejas sin aguijón: estableciendo requisitos de calidad.

Composition of stingless bee honey: setting quality standards (Almeida Souza, Bruno; Enríquez, Eunice; Roubik, David; Barth, Ortrud; Heard, Tim Ashley; Carvalho, Carlos; Villas Bôas, Jerônimo Khan; Marchini, Luis Carlos; Locatelli, Jean; Persano Oddo, Livia; Almeida Muradian, Ligia B.; Bogdanov, Stefan y Vit Olivier, Patricia) Abstract Compositional data from 152 stingless bee (Meliponini) honey samples were compiled from studies since 1964, and evaluated to propose a quality standard for this product. Since stingless bee honey has a different composition than Apis mellifera honey, some physicochemical parameters are presented according to stingless bee species. The entomological origin of the honey was known for 17 species of Meliponini from Brazil, one from Costa Rica, six from Mexico, 27 from Panama, one from Surinam, two from Trinidad & Tobago, and seven from Venezuela, most from the genus Melipona. The results varied as follows: moisture (19.9-41.9g/100g), pH (3.15-4.66), free acidity (5.9-109.0meq/ Kg), ash (0.01-1.18g/100g), diastase activity (0.9-23.0DN), electrical conductivity (0.49-8.77mS/cm), HMF (0.4-78.4mg/Kg), invertase activity (19.8-90.1IU), nitrogen (14.34-144.00mg/100g), reducing sugars (58.0-75.7g/100g) and sucrose (1.1-4.8g/100g). Moisture content of stingless bee honey is generally higher than the 20% maximum established for A. mellifera honey. Guidelines for further contributions would help make the physicochemical database of meliponine honey more objective, in order to use such data to set quality standards. Pollen analysis should be directed towards the recognition of unifloral honeys produced by stingless bees, in order to obtain standard products from botanical species. A honey quality control campaign directed to both stingless beekeepers and stingless bee honey hunters is needed, as is harmonization of analytical methods. Composição do mel de abelhas sem ferrão: estabelecendo requisitos de qualidade (Almeida Souza, Bruno; Enríquez, Eunice; Roubik, David; Barth, Ortrud; Heard, Tim Ashley; Carvalho, Carlos; Villas Bôas, Jerônimo Khan; Marchini, Luis Carlos; Locatelli, Jean; Persano Oddo, Livia; Almeida Muradian, Ligia B.; Bogdanov, Stefan y Vit Olivier, Patricia) Resumo Dados de composição de 152 amostras de mel de abelhas sem ferrão foram compilados de estudos realizados desde 1964, e sendo avaliados para propor requisitos de qualidade para este produto. Considerando que o mel de abelhas sem ferrão apresenta uma composição distinta ao de Apis mellifera, alguns parâmetros físico-químicos foram apresentados de acordo com a espécie de abelha sem ferrão. A origem entomológica do mel correspondeu a 17 espécies de Meliponini do Brasil, uma da Costa Rica, seis do México, 27 do Panamá, uma do Suriname, duas de Trinidad & Tobago, e sete da Venezuela, a maioria do gênero Melipona. Os resultados variaram como segue: umidade (19,9-41,9 g/100g), pH (3,15-4,66), acidez livre (5,9-109,0 meq/Kg), cinzas (0,01-1,18 g/100g), atividade diastásica (0,9-23,0 DN), condutividade elétrica (0,49-8,77 mS/cm), HMF (0.4-78.4 mg/Kg), atividade da invertase (19,8-90,1 IU), nitrogênio (14,34-144,00 mg/100g), açúcares redutores (58,0-75,7 g/100g) e sacarose (1,1-4,8 g/100g). O conteúdo de umidade dos méis de abelhas sem ferrão é geralmente superior ao máximo de 20% estabelecido para o mel de A. mellifera. As diretrizes oferecidas podem ajudar a expansão consistente da base de dados físico-químicos de mel de abelhas sem ferrão, para estabelecer seus requisitos de qualidade. A análise polínica deve ser direcionada para o reconhecimento dos méis uniflorais produzidos pelas abelhas sem ferrão, a fim de obter produtos padronizados de acordo com sua origem botânica. É necessária uma campanha de controle de qualidade do mel tanto para os coletores de mel de abelhas sem ferrão, como para os meliponicultores, juntamentente com a harmonização dos métodos analíticos. Composición de la miel de abejas sin aguijón: estableciendo requisitos de calidad (Almeida Souza, Bruno; Enríquez, Eunice; Roubik, David; Barth, Ortrud; Heard, Tim Ashley; Carvalho, Carlos; Villas Bôas, Jerônimo Khan; Marchini, Luis Carlos; Locatelli, Jean; Persano Oddo, Livia; Almeida Muradian, Ligia B.; Bogdanov, Stefan y Vit Olivier, Patricia) Resumen Se compilaron datos de composición de 152 mieles de abejas sin aguijón (Meliponini) en estudios realizados desde 1964, y se evaluaron para proponer requisitos de calidad para este producto. Dado que la miel de abejas sin aguijón tienen una composición distinta a la de Apis mellifera, algunos parámetros físico-químicos fueron presentados según la especie abejas sin aguijón. El origen entomológico de la miel se asignó a 17 especies de Meliponini de Brasil, una de Costa Rica, seis de México, 27 de Panamá, una de Surinam, dos de Trinidad & Tobago, y siete de Venezuela, mayormente del género Melipona. Los resultados variaron así: humedad (19,9-41,9g/100g), pH (3,15-4,66), acidez libre (5,9-109,0meq/Kg), cenizas (0,01- 1,18g/100g), actividad de la diastasa (0,9-23,0DN), conductividad eléctrica (0,49-8,77mS/cm), HMF (0,9-78,4mg/Kg), actividad de la invertasa (19,8-90,1IU), nitrógeno (14,34-144,00mg/100g), azúcares reductores (58,0-75,7g/100g) y sacarosa (1,1-4,8g/100g), El contenido de humedad de las mieles de abejas sin aguijón es generalmente superior al máximo de 20% establecido para la miel de A. mellifera. Las directrices ofrecidas pueden ayudar a la expansión consistente de la base de datos físico-químicos de miel de abejas sin aguijón, para establecer sus requisitos de calidad en un futuro. El análisis de polen debería dirigirse hacia el reconocimiento de las mieles uniflorales producidas por las abejas sin aguijón, a fin de obtener productos estandarizados según las especies botánicas. Se necesita una campaña de control de calidad de miel tanto para los recolectores de miel de abejas sin aguijón como para los meliponicultores, junto con la armonización de los métodos analíticos. Artículo publicado en Interciencia. Revista de Ciencia y Tecnología de América. Vol. 31, Nº. 12, p. 867-875, [email protected][email protected]@[email protected]@[email protected]@[email protected]@[email protected]@[email protected] monográfic

Lateral Extra-articular Tenodesis Reduces Failure of Hamstring Tendon Autograft Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: 2-Year Outcomes From the STABILITY Study Randomized Clinical Trial

© 2020 The Author(s). Background: Persistent anterolateral rotatory laxity after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) has been correlated with poor clinical outcomes and graft failure. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that a single-bundle, hamstring ACLR in combination with a lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) would reduce the risk of ACLR failure in young, active individuals. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: This is a multicenter, prospective, randomized clinical trial comparing a single-bundle, hamstring tendon ACLR with or without LET performed using a strip of iliotibial band. Patients 25 years or younger with an ACL-deficient knee were included and also had to meet at least 2 of the following 3 criteria: (1) grade 2 pivot shift or greater, (2) a desire to return to high-risk/pivoting sports, (3) and generalized ligamentous laxity (GLL). The primary outcome was ACLR clinical failure, a composite measure of rotatory laxity or a graft rupture. Secondary outcome measures included the P4 pain scale, Marx Activity Rating Scale, Knee injury Osteoarthritis and Outcome Score (KOOS), International Knee Documentation Committee score, and ACL Quality of Life Questionnaire. Patients were reviewed at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. Results: A total of 618 patients (297 males; 48%) with a mean age of 18.9 years (range, 14-25 years) were randomized. A total of 436 (87.9%) patients presented preoperatively with high-grade rotatory laxity (grade 2 pivot shift or greater), and 215 (42.1%) were diagnosed as having GLL. There were 18 patients lost to follow-up and 11 who withdrew (~5%). In the ACLR group, 120/298 (40%) patients sustained the primary outcome of clinical failure, compared with 72/291 (25%) in the ACLR+LET group (relative risk reduction [RRR], 0.38; 95% CI, 0.21-0.52; P \u3c.0001). A total of 45 patients experienced graft rupture, 34/298 (11%) in the ACLR group compared with 11/291 (4%) in the ACL+LET group (RRR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.36-0.83; P \u3c.001). The number needed to treat with LET to prevent 1 patient from graft rupture was 14.3 over the first 2 postoperative years. At 3 months, patients in the ACLR group had less pain as measured by the P4 (P =.003) and KOOS (P =.007), with KOOS pain persisting in favor of the ACLR group to 6 months (P =.02). No clinically important differences in patient-reported outcome measures were found between groups at other time points. The level of sports activity was similar between groups at 2 years after surgery, as measured by the Marx Activity Rating Scale (P =.11). Conclusion: The addition of LET to a single-bundle hamstring tendon autograft ACLR in young patients at high risk of failure results in a statistically significant, clinically relevant reduction in graft rupture and persistent rotatory laxity at 2 years after surgery. Registration: NCT02018354 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier)

De novo mutations across 1,465 diverse genomes reveal mutational insights and reductions in the Amish founder population

De novo mutations (DNMs), or mutations that appear in an individual despite not being seen in their parents, are an important source of genetic variation whose impact is relevant to studies of human evolution, genetics, and disease. Utilizing high-coverage whole-genome sequencing data as part of the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Program, we called 93,325 single-nucleotide DNMs across 1,465 trios from an array of diverse human populations, and used them to directly estimate and analyze DNM counts, rates, and spectra. We find a significant positive correlation between local recombination rate and local DNM rate, and that DNM rate explains a substantial portion (8.98 to 34.92%, depending on the model) of the genome-wide variation in population-level genetic variation from 41K unrelated TOPMed samples. Genome-wide heterozygosity does correlate with DNM rate, but only explains &lt;1% of variation. While we are underpowered to see small differences, we do not find significant differences in DNM rate between individuals of European, African, and Latino ancestry, nor across ancestrally distinct segments within admixed individuals. However, we did find significantly fewer DNMs in Amish individuals, even when compared with other Europeans, and even after accounting for parental age and sequencing center. Specifically, we found significant reductions in the number of C→A and T→C mutations in the Amish, which seem to underpin their overall reduction in DNMs. Finally, we calculated near-zero estimates of narrow sense heritability (h2), which suggest that variation in DNM rate is significantly shaped by nonadditive genetic effects and the environment