Stadies on the seed raising of onion : 1) On the flower period and the flowering behavior 2) On the length of styles and receptive period of pistils

1) 葱頭の開花は5月31日に始まつて6月28日に終り,従つて開花期間は29日間であつた. 2) その中で開花数の多かつたのは,6月8日から22日の15日間で全開花数の84.9%であつた. 3) 開花は開花前日及び開花当日の日照量によつて影響されるものの如くである. 4) 1花球に於て最も多く咲いた花数雄842で平均は291であつた. 5) 1花球当りの開花数の多いものは,開花始めも早く,開花期間も長い. 1) 葱頭の花柱の伸長竝に雌蘂の授精力保有期間について実験した. 2) 葱頭の花柱は開花後徐々に伸長するが,その伸長は変異があり,一定の傾向は見られなかつた.最大の長さに達するのは,開花の翌日以後であつて,又葯が全部開葯してからであつた. 3) 雌蘂の授精力は開花2日目より生じ,6日目に終つた. 4) 結局,形態的にも,機能的にも葱頽の雌蘂は開花当日には成熟していなくて,雄蘂先熟の性質をもつていた

Studies on the Thickening Growth of Melon Fruits. : I. On the Honey Dew and New Melon.

1)本実験はメロン及び甜瓜類の果実の発育特に果肉部における細胞分裂の状態を観察するために,ハネデュー,ニューメロンの2品種を用いて行つた. 2)ハネデューにおける反曲点は謝花後5日目位にあつて,反曲点以前の方向指数αは0.215にして細胞分裂が行われておることを示し,反曲点以後のαは1.0105で細胞分裂は認められ無い.反曲点における果径(横)は29.65mm,細胞の大きさは53.09μであつた. 3)ニューメロンにおいては,反曲点は謝花後3～4日目の間にあつて,反曲点以前の方向指数αは0.3043で細胞分裂が行われておることを示し,反曲点以後のαは0.8825で細胞分裂は行われていないものと推定出来る.反曲点における果径(横)は18.86mm,細胞の大きさは54.79μであつた. 4)ハネデューの果肉がニューメロンのそれと比較して遥かに厚いのは,ハネデューはニューメロンに比較して,果肉細胞数が多く,又細胞も大きいためである

Verruca on the Fruit of Melon : 1) The Formation of Verruca due to the Artificial Treatment and its Anatomical Observation

1.Honey Dewメロンの果実の表面に現われる疣状突起を人為的に起させ,その発生経過を観察すると共に解剖学的に追求した.2.若い果実の表皮に軽い摩擦処理を施し室内においたものには,処理後2日において暗色の斑点を生じた.これは栽培中に生じた疣状突起の初期の変化と同様であつた.3.処理果を湿室に入れると斑点はできなかつた.4.暗色に変つた部分は表皮下0.5～0.8mm位の深さの組織は水浸状を呈していた.これが斑点の原因である.5.斑点部においては表皮下に木化細胞が現れるが,その現われ方は最初斑点部の各所に独立的に発生して出来た木化細胞群が,拡大によつて癒合し複雑な形態をとるようになる.6.木化は損傷を受けた毛茸の基部より起こり,主としてHypodermisの最外層に拡がるが数層に及ぶ団塊状をなすこともある.7.斑点部は果実が完熟するまで発達し疣状突起となるが,よく発達した突起部の先端にはコルク形成層が作られ,コルクを表面に増生する.8.結局,メロンの疣状突起は果実の毛茸の損害が直接原因であり,これに空中湿度等が関係して起るものと思われる

Changes of hypnagogic imagery and EEG stages

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationships between hypnagogic imagery and EEG stages. According to Hori, et al. (1994), the hypnagogic EEGs was classified into 9 stages, those were 1) alpha wave train, 2) alpha wave intermittent (>50%), 3) alpha wave intermittent (<50%), 4) EEG flattening, 5) ripples, 6) vertex sharp wave solitary, 7) vertex sharp wave bursts, 8) vertex sharp wave and incomplete spindles, 9) spindles. EEGs (Fz, Cz, Oz) were recorded from light off to 90 min elapsed. The subjects pressed a button when pip tones (1000Hz, 50dB, max duration : 5s, ISI : 50-70s) were presented, and reported their psychological experiences. The results showed that reaction time prolonged with progress of the hypnagogic EEG stages. The hypnagogic imageries mostly experienced when theta waves or a vertex sharp wave occurred. These imageries were almost composed of visual imageries (88%), involved 1) persons (37%), 2) static objects (21%), 3) landscapes (10%), and 4) colored patterns (8%). These imageries changed from waking daydreams to hypnagogic imageries or NREM sleep dreams as a function of progress of hypnagogic EEG stages

Psychophysiological study of arousal modulation model of music

Music is known to have both stimulatory and sedative effects. We investigated whether music modulated the arousal level. EEGs, EOG, SPR, plethysmograph, and skin temperature were recorded on 14 students (mean=22.1 yrs) during sessions of (1) baseline (pre-rest), (2) preparations of arousal (task or rest), (3) music (stimulative or calm), (4) after-effects (post-rest). Seven subjects, who were assigned to the high arousal group were preparatively increased their arousal level by the cognitive task before the music session. Other seven subjects, who were assigned to low arousal group were instructed to relax in the rest period before music session. In the high arousal group, the EEG amplitude in alpha 3 and beta bands were significantly higher in the task session than in the baseline session. In the music session the amplitude in alpha 3 and beta bands were decreased in both the stimulative and the calm music conditions. The results show that the music may induce the de-arousing effects on the subjects in the high arousal states. This tendency was clear in the calm music rather than in the stimulative music. In the low arousal group, on the contrary, the amplitude in alpha 2 band was significantly lower in the rest session than in the baseline session. In the music session the amplitude in alpha 1 band increased in both the stimulative and the calm music conditions, suggesting that the music may induce the arousing effects on the subjects in lower aroused states. This tendency was more remarkable in the stimulative music rather than in the calm music. These results support a hypothesis that the music effects on the arousal mechanisms and the different type of music induces a different effect on the arousal level

The developmental feature of the sleep problems in adolescence : The approach for the application to educational stage

To clarify the actual feature of the sleep problems in adolescence from the points of view sleep loss, circadian rhythm, and development, the survey for five years was performed on 523 students in a College of Technology. The survey results were analyzed in regard to the Sleep Habits Scales and the Life Habits Scales. These scales were (1) Long sleeper-Short sleeper, (2) Good sleeper-Poor sleeper, (3) Sleep phase advanced type-Sleep phase delayed type, (4) Morningness-Eveningness, (5) Regnlar sleeper-Irregular sleeper, (6) Sleep satisfaction type-Sleep dissatisfaction type. Sleep length was shortened with advancements in grade. The irregularity and the delay of sleep phase increased with advancements in grade. Furthermore, approximately 5-10 percents of each grade student were screened as the persons who had some sleep disturbances or sleep problems. The present results suggest that the sleep problems (irregularity and phase delay) of adolescence apt to increase with advancements in grade

Positive effects of the presence of music on vigilance performance : The basic study of music for equipment of an educational environment

The present study explores the effects of music on the performance of vigilance task. ECG and SCL were recorded on 40 students during periods of (1) baseline, (2) pre-music, (3) music (control/musical stimulus), and (4) post-music. Twenty subjects, who were assigned to the forward replay music group, participate in the control and the music sessions. They listened to ordinary music during the music period in the music session. The other twenty subjects were assigned to reverse replay music group. They listened to the reverse playback of music, using in the forward replay group. Two types of musical stimuli increased the hit ratio in comparison with control session and maintained the hit ratio at a high level. This tendency was clear in forward replay music rather than in reverse replay music. Similar changes of performance, two types of musical stimuli increased SCL and HR. However, the positive changes of scores on mood scale (increased in vigor vs decreased in depression and fatigue) were found in only the forward replay group. These findings indicated that the music facilitated the vigilance peformace. Furthermore, it is implied that the effects on music on vigilance consisted of two functions, one of which increases vigilance level depending on quantity of musical stimuli, and the other regulates the subjects' mood in a positive direction depending on the connotative meaning of musical stimuli

Hypnagogic EEG stages and polysomnogram

The aim of this study is to show the polysomnogram of hypnagogic period. Sixteen subjects slept for two nights. Their EEGs (Fz, Cz, Pz, Oz), horizontal and vertical EOGs, submentalis EMG, thoracic and abdominal respiration were recorded. They pressed a button when pip tones (1000Hz, 50dB, max duration : 5s, ISI : 30-90s) were presented, and reported their psychological experiences, According to Hori et al. (1994), the hypnagogic EEGs just 5s before the pip tones were classified into 9 stages, as follows; 1) alpha wave train, 2) alpha wave intermittnet (%α>50), 3) alpha wave intermittent (%α<50), 4) EEG flattening, 5) ripples, 6) vertex sharp wave solitary, 7) vertex sharp wave bursts, 8) vertex sharp wave and incomplete spindles, 9) spindles. The polysomnograms of these 9 EEG stages were presented. Physiological, behavioral and subjective changes were observed as a function of hypnagogic EEG stages

Effects of ultradian variation on smoking behavior

The purpose of this study is to examine the enhancement model of smoking maintenance, which has been proposed by Mangan & Golding (1978). We studied the relationships of the ultradian variations among the smoking behavior and sleepiness. The results were as follows. (1) The results of the time series analysis revealed that several spectral peaks were obtained in day time fluctuations of smoking behavior, sleepiness, mood and task performance. The average peak frequency for each parameter distributed in the range of 10 to 14 cycle/day (c/d : See Fig. 3-6). (2) The significant correlations were obtained between the parameters of the smoking behavior (frequency of puffing and VAS score of need for smoking) and the daytime sleepiness (VAS score). The significant average correlation coefficients between smoking need and sleepiness were observed (See Table 2). In general, present results agree with the enhancement model of smoking maintenance