Determining the standard levels of some morphological and physiological requirements as an indicator for the selection of defenders in the Algerian football U19

This study aims to identify the most important morpho-functional measures and determinants through standards and tests and their relationship with the selection of football players under the age of 19 in the defensive position, so that coaches can realize the true value throughthis study and correct the previous mistakes based on observation and matches and their distance from the side for the selection of players whose results are certain and guaranteed. We first assumed that the level of morphological criteria of defensive players is characterized by an average level, on the other hand, that the level of physiological criteria is characterized by an average level, and for the purposes of investigation of the hypotheses, we have selected a sample composed of 90 defenders from different defensive positions representing 10 clubs active at the level of the Algerian first and second division (class under 19 years old) for football for the 2022/2023 sports season. They were chosen deliberately, and for this we used the descriptive approach, through which we collected data using the physical measurements necessary to determine morphological indicators (height, weight, mass index, musculoskeletal system and physiological tests, then statistical processing of the data). The research yielded the following results: The levels of defensive players (axial - right and left wingers) in measurement of height, weight, muscle mass index, shows the levels in favor of the good level and the average level compared to the physiological criteria. That is why we have recommended the use of physical measurements and physico- physiological tests during the selection and even in the orientation according to the play centers, in particular the lengths and the components of the body style and the preparation of training programs based on scientific bases and paying attention to young groups of young people at all levels

Development of some aerobic and anaerobic indicators in under-21 footballers using hypoxic training mask during the physical preparation period

This study aims to identify the effect of a training program using the hypoxic training mask on certain aerobic capacities (VMA, VO2max), on the effectiveness of the repetition rate (RSA), and on the explosive power of football players. The sample was deliberately selected and included 20 football players under the age of 21 from the Tiaret youth team, which plays in the second professional division. A total of 10 players were assigned to a control group and the other 10 players to an experimental group. The research used a series of physical tests that included VMA/VO2max intermittent yo-yo tests and RSA repetition rate efficiency tests, in addition to the explosive force tests using the MYOTEST device. The same training program was applied to the experimental and control groups, with the first one using the mask for 8 weeks. The study concluded that there are statistically significant differences in the pre- and post-measurement of the experimental and control groups in the measurement of aerobic and anaerobic capacities in favor of the experimental group, who wears the hypoxic mask. This underlines the importance of using modern technological means in the process of physical preparation and raising the level and efficiency of the players to reach the highest levels of achievement

Development of some aerobic and anaerobic indicators in under-21 footballers using hypoxic training mask during the physical preparation period

This study aims to identify the effect of a training program using the hypoxic training mask on certain aerobic capacities (VMA, VO2max), on the effectiveness of the repetition rate (RSA), and on the explosive power of football players. The sample was deliberately selected and included 20 football players under the age of 21 from the Tiaret youth team, which plays in the second professional division. A total of 10 players were assigned to a control group and the other 10 players to an experimental group. The research used a series of physical tests that included VMA/VO2max intermittent yo-yo tests and RSA repetition rate efficiency tests, in addition to the explosive force tests using the MYOTEST device. The same training program was applied to the experimental and control groups, with the first one using the mask for 8 weeks. The study concluded that there are statistically significant differences in the pre- and post-measurement of the experimental and control groups in the measurement of aerobic and anaerobic capacities in favor of the experimental group, who wears the hypoxic mask. This underlines the importance of using modern technological means in the process of physical preparation and raising the level and efficiency of the players to reach the highest levels of achievement