The priesthood of Christ in Anglican doctrine and devotion: 1827 - 1900

This thesis traces the history of the interpretation of the doctrine of Christ as priest in the doctrine and devotion of representatives of the Church of England from the publication of Keble's Christian Year in 1827 to the Oxford Conference, 'Priesthood and Sacrifice', of 1899. Between these years the image of Christ as priest was a recurring motif in Anglican thought. Representatives of all shades of Churchmanship were remarkably united in a common enthusiasm for the image, but deeply divided over its interpretation. A composite historico-theological analysis of this hitherto uncharted theme unfolds not only the prevalence of this Christological motif in Anglican doctrine and devotion between these years, but also the potency of this image to shape, direct, and unify crucial features of Victorian religious development and theological controversy. The thesis argues, against the backcloth of a brief examination of the role, content, and significance of the doctrine in Anglican religion prior to 1827, that the prevalence and potency of the image of Christ as priest is to be accounted for as expressing a cardinal article of the Church of England's historic lex orandi. The fact that Tractarians, Evangelicals, the majority of Latitudinarians, Ritualists, Anglo-Catholics, and Biblical Scholars, united in adherence to this one thematic doctrinal image, but were, at times, bitterly divided over their understanding of it, indicates a focal point of Anglican religion, endorsed in its liturgy; namely, that Christ is "a great High Priest", through whom, and with whom, and in whom alone, the Church receives from God His life and gives t« God its life, in worship and service. The thesis seeks to recover the historic, distinctive prominence of this doctrinal and devotional theme in Anglican religion

Evaporation, seepage and water quality management in storage dams: a review of research methods

One of the most significant sources of water wastage in Australia is loss from small storage dams, either by seepage or evaporation. Over much of Australia, evaporative demand routinely exceeds precipitation. This paper outlines first, methodologies and measurement techniques to quantify the rate of evaporative loss from fresh water storages. These encompass high-accuracy water balance monitoring; determination of the validity of alternative estimation equations, in particular the FAO56 Penman- Monteith ETo methodology; and the commencement of CFD modeling to determine a 'dam factor' in relation to practical atmospheric measurement techniques. Second, because the application of chemical monolayers is the only feasible alternative to the high cost of physically covering the storages to retard evaporation, the use of cetyl alcohol-based monolayers is reviewed, and preliminary research on their degradation by photolytic action, by wind break-up and by microbial degradation reported. Similarly, preliminary research on monolayer visualisation techniques for field application is reported; and potential enhancement of monolayers by other chemicals and attendant water quality issues are considered

A lack of empirical evidence on sport officials’ mental health: a scoping review

Sport officials—who are essential to organized sport—are tasked with applying competition rules, maintaining fair competitions, and ensuring athlete safety. However, sport officials experience stress, burnout, and non-accidental violence, with incidence of these events increasing worldwide. This has led to rising attrition rates and recruitment issues among sport officials, with many sport organizations concerned for their operational capacity. Possibly, the effects of stress, burnout, and non-accidental violence contribute to sport officials’ negative mental health outcomes. To develop a clear understanding of how sport officials’ mental health is affected by their occupation, it is necessary to identify the mental health outcomes they experience, and to what extent. The purpose of this scoping review was to identify and examine the empirical research surrounding sport officials’ mental health. Using Arksey and O’Malley’s (2005) framework, 1206 articles were identified across three databases: PubMed, Web of Science, SportDiscus, PsycINFO. Following screening, 18 studies met the inclusion criteria for exploring sport officials’ mental health. Participants (N = 7941) in the included studies were mainly European male soccer and basketball referees. Most studies utilized quantitative inquiry (n = 15) rather than qualitative methods (n = 2) or framework development (n = 1). The research demonstrates that sport officials frequently experience negative mental health outcomes including anxiety, depression, burnout, lower mental health literacy, and high levels of stigmatization. These outcomes are influenced by gender, age, and experience. Researchers should continue examining how this profession impacts sport officials’ mental health and implement effective management strategies

The influence of a CYP1A2 polymorphism on the ergogenic effects of caffeine

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Although caffeine supplementation improves performance, the ergogenic effect is variable. The cause(s) of this variability are unknown. A (C/A) single nucleotide polymorphism at intron 1 of the cytochrome P450 (CYP1A2) gene influences caffeine metabolism and clinical outcomes from caffeine ingestion. The purpose of this study was to determine if this polymorphism influences the ergogenic effect of caffeine supplementation.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Thirty-five trained male cyclists (age = 25.0 ± 7.3 yrs, height = 178.2 ± 8.8 cm, weight = 74.3 ± 8.8 kg, VO₂max = 59.35 ± 9.72 ml·kg^-1·min^-1) participated in two computer-simulated 40-kilometer time trials on a cycle ergometer. Each test was performed one hour following ingestion of 6 mg·kg^-1of anhydrous caffeine or a placebo administered in double-blind fashion. DNA was obtained from whole blood samples and genotyped using restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction. Participants were classified as AA homozygotes (N = 16) or C allele carriers (N = 19). The effects of treatment (caffeine, placebo) and the treatment × genotype interaction were assessed using Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Caffeine supplementation reduced 40 kilometer time by a greater (<it>p </it>< 0.05) magnitude in AA homozygotes (4.9%; caffeine = 72.4 ± 4.2 min, placebo = 76.1 ± 5.8 min) as compared to C allele carriers (1.8%; caffeine = 70.9 ± 4.3 min, placebo = 72.2 ± 4.2 min).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Results suggest that individuals homozygous for the A allele of this polymorphism may have a larger ergogenic effect following caffeine ingestion.</p

A lack of empirical evidence on sport officials’ mental health: a scoping review

Sport officials—who are essential to organized sport—are tasked with applying competition rules, maintaining fair competitions, and ensuring athlete safety. However, sport officials experience stress, burnout, and non-accidental violence, with incidence of these events increasing worldwide. This has led to rising attrition rates and recruitment issues among sport officials, with many sport organizations concerned for their operational capacity. Possibly, the effects of stress, burnout, and non-accidental violence contribute to sport officials’ negative mental health outcomes. To develop a clear understanding of how sport officials’ mental health is affected by their occupation, it is necessary to identify the mental health outcomes they experience, and to what extent. The purpose of this scoping review was to identify and examine the empirical research surrounding sport officials’ mental health. Using Arksey and O’Malley’s (2005) framework, 1206 articles were identified across three databases: PubMed, Web of Science, SportDiscus, PsycINFO. Following screening, 18 studies met the inclusion criteria for exploring sport officials’ mental health. Participants (N = 7941) in the included studies were mainly European male soccer and basketball referees. Most studies utilized quantitative inquiry (n = 15) rather than qualitative methods (n = 2) or framework development (n = 1). The research demonstrates that sport officials frequently experience negative mental health outcomes including anxiety, depression, burnout, lower mental health literacy, and high levels of stigmatization. These outcomes are influenced by gender, age, and experience. Researchers should continue examining how this profession impacts sport officials’ mental health and implement effective management strategies

Alternatives to antibiotics-a pipeline portfolio review

Antibiotics have saved countless lives and enabled the development of modern medicine over the past 70 years. However, it is clear that the success of antibiotics might only have been temporary and we now expect a long-term and perhaps never-ending challenge to find new therapies to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria. A broader approach to address bacterial infection is needed. In this Review, we discuss alternatives to antibiotics, which we defined as non-compound approaches (products other than classic antibacterial agents) that target bacteria or any approaches that target the host. The most advanced approaches are antibodies, probiotics, and vaccines in phase 2 and phase 3 trials. This first wave of alternatives to antibiotics will probably best serve as adjunctive or preventive therapies, which suggests that conventional antibiotics are still needed. Funding of more than £1·5 billion is needed over 10 years to test and develop these alternatives to antibiotics. Investment needs to be partnered with translational expertise and targeted to support the validation of these approaches in phase 2 trials, which would be a catalyst for active engagement and investment by the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry. Only a sustained, concerted, and coordinated international effort will provide the solutions needed for the future.</p

East Bay Coalition for the Homeless: Branding Study and Marketing Strategy

There are a number of potential positioning strategies. The two which make the most sense for the EBCH are to “position the EBCH away from others in the category” and to “position the EBCH as unique.” These strategies have the advantage of setting the EBCH apart from the other organizations that address homelessness. Occupying its own “position” in the minds of potential and current donors is not only an effective communications/marketing strategy but also a less costly one because it avoids head-to-head competition and comparisons

Eighth Annual Conference of inVIVO Planetary Health: From Challenges to Opportunities

inVIVO Planetary Health (inVIVO) is a progressive scientific movement providing evidence, advocacy, and inspiration to align the interests and vitality of people, place, and planet. Our goal is to transform personal and planetary health through awareness, attitudes, and actions, and a deeper understanding of how all systems are interconnected and interdependent. Here, we present the abstracts and proceedings of our 8th annual conference, held in Detroit, Michigan in May 2019, themed “From Challenges, to Opportunities”. Our far-ranging discussions addressed the complex interdependent ecological challenges of advancing global urbanization, including the biopsychosocial interactions in our living environment on physical, mental, and spiritual wellbeing, together with the wider community and societal factors that govern these. We had a strong solutions focus, with diverse strategies spanning from urban-greening and renewal, nature-relatedness, nutritional ecology, planetary diets, and microbiome rewilding, through to initiatives for promoting resilience, positive emotional assets, traditional cultural narratives, creativity, art projects for personal and community health, and exploring ways of positively shifting mindsets and value systems. Our cross-sectoral agenda underscored the importance and global impact of local initiatives everywhere by contributing to new normative values as part of a global interconnected grass-roots movement for planetary health

Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of asthma in ethnically diverse North American populations.

Asthma is a common disease with a complex risk architecture including both genetic and environmental factors. We performed a meta-analysis of North American genome-wide association studies of asthma in 5,416 individuals with asthma (cases) including individuals of European American, African American or African Caribbean, and Latino ancestry, with replication in an additional 12,649 individuals from the same ethnic groups. We identified five susceptibility loci. Four were at previously reported loci on 17q21, near IL1RL1, TSLP and IL33, but we report for the first time, to our knowledge, that these loci are associated with asthma risk in three ethnic groups. In addition, we identified a new asthma susceptibility locus at PYHIN1, with the association being specific to individuals of African descent (P = 3.9 × 10(-9)). These results suggest that some asthma susceptibility loci are robust to differences in ancestry when sufficiently large samples sizes are investigated, and that ancestry-specific associations also contribute to the complex genetic architecture of asthma

Ecological Survey of Tauranga Harbour

This report summarises the results of biological and physical data collected from a broad scale intertidal survey of Tauranga Harbour conducted between December 2011 and February 2012. The survey was designed to understand more fully the role of various anthropogenic stressors on the ecology of the harbour. The research was conducted as part of the Manaaki Taha Moana (MTM) programme. The wider research project aims to restore and enhance coastal ecosystems and their services of importance to iwi/hapū, by working with iwi to improve knowledge of these ecosystems and the degradation processes that affect them. In this report we assess the health of macrofaunal benthic communities (bottom-dwelling animals) as well as trends in sediments, nutrients and contaminants. The results indicate that the sites identified as most impacted were generally located in the upper reaches of estuaries in some of the locations least exposed to wind, waves and currents. In addition, the biological community composition characterising sites with different sediment textures, nutrient and contaminant loadings were found to vary. Sediments within Tauranga Harbour were predominantly sandy with the percentage of mud within a similar range as measured for other New Zealand estuaries. The exceptions included Te Puna Estuary and Apata Estuary, which experience higher rates of sedimentation. Heavy metal contamination in sediments is often highly correlated with the percentage of mud content due to the adherence of chemicals to fine sediments and/or organic content. It is, therefore, not surprising that heavy metal concentrations were also highest in the depositional inner areas of the harbour, such as Te Puna Estuary. The heavy metal contaminant levels within Tauranga were well below relevant guideline thresholds and lower than concentrations measured in many other estuaries in New Zealand and overseas. Although the three metals recorded were found to be highly correlated, zinc levels tended to be closer to guideline thresholds for possible biological effects. Sediment nutrient concentrations in the harbour tended to decline with distance from the inner harbour and associated rivers. Te Puna Estuary showed comparatively high nitrogen and phosphorus loadings. Comparison of sediment nutrient concentrations with other New Zealand estuaries indicates that the Tauranga Harbour sits within a range typical for slightly to moderately enriched estuaries. Although total phosphorus was low compared with other estuaries, total N:P ratios suggest Tauranga Harbour is still limited by nitrogen. We developed a BHM using statistical ordination techniques to identify key stressors affecting the ‘health’ of macrofaunal communities. Sediments, nutrients and heavy metals were identified as key ‘stressors’, i.e. variables affecting the ecology of the harbour. Therefore, three multivariate models were developed based on the variability in community composition using canonical analysis of principal coordinates (CAP). The ecological assemblages generally reflected gradients of stress or pollution very well. However, the CAP models for sedimentation and contamination performed best. In general, the multivariate models were found to be more sensitive to changing ecological health than simple univariate measures (abundance, species diversity, evenness and Shannon-Wiener diversity). This finding has also been reported in the literature where univariate measures based on abundance and diversity were only able to detect significant differences between the most and least disturbed sites, but were not able to differentiate between smaller relative changes in ecological health. Hence univariate measures were less sensitive to smaller degradative changes in community composition. For Tauranga Harbour, ordination models based on community composition appear to be a more sensitive measure of ‘health’ along an ecological gradient and should enable long term degradative change from multiple disturbances to be assessed. This BHM approach can be used as a management or monitoring tool where sites are repeatedly sampled over time and tracked to determine whether the communities are moving towards a more healthy or unhealthy state. The key species at ‘healthy’ and ‘impacted’ sites as determined from the CAP models were also identified. Species at ‘impacted’ sites can be considered to be tolerant to the stressor (i.e. sediment, nutrients or contaminants), while species with high abundances at only ‘healthy’ sites are sensitive to increasing stressors. We developed species response models for 20 taxa. Although the type of response differed by taxa and stressor, variation in the abundance of most of the taxa modelled was most likely to be better predicted by sedimentation. Unimodal responses were almost always observed in response to nutrients, while declines or skewed unimodal responses were most often observed in response to sedimentation and metals. The results from this study are consistent with models of macrofaunal species occurrence with respect to sediment mud content developed across a range of New Zealand estuaries by Thrush et al. (2003). Within this report we extend this analysis by also developing models of macrofaunal species occurrence with respect to nutrient and contaminants loadings. Ultimately such statistical models provide a tool to forecast the distribution and abundance of species associated with habitat changes in sediments, nutrients and metals. In conclusion, Tauranga Harbour is a predominantly sandy harbour with slight to moderate enrichment and low levels of heavy metal contaminants. Sites identified as most impacted by elevated sediments, heavy metal contaminants and nutrients were generally located in the upper reaches of estuaries in some of the least exposed locations. To some extent, this reflects the natural progression of an estuary from land to sea; however, the rates of accumulation of sediments and nutrients have been accelerated as a result of anthropogenic land-based activities. Sediments and contaminants were found to explain the largest variance in benthic communities. Species response models suggest that taxa were either sensitive to elevated sediments, nutrients loading or contamination at all levels, or sensitive to these stressors beyond a critical point