Assessment of Human Resource Management Environment in China: Past, Present and Future

With the rapid transition and development of the Chinese economy, the HRM in China is hot topic for researchers as approach to managing human resources has changed significantly in China over the last twenty-five years as its transformation from a state planned economy to a market-oriented economy continues. The main aims of this article are two-fold: first, to provide an overview of the key developments in Chinese Human Resource Management; second, to highlight the key HRM challenges in China and delineate future foci. The article is structured along three sections. The first section summarizes the historical developments in Chinese HRM and highlights the kind of HR management practices being pursued in China. Section two focuses on the emerging and concurrent HRM challenges in the Chinese business context. Finally, the last section proposes the future focus of HR in china, drawing upon the current challenges. Keywords: Chinese HRM, Evolution, HR challenges, Future foci

Lactation Responses toward Milk Indigenous Enzymes

Milk being a highly nutritious food in its natural form provides energy. There are various factors influencing the composition of milk: breed, stage of lactation, nutritional status, health, and milking intervals. A number of indigenous enzymes present in milk are being affected by stages of lactation period. Their concentration varies during early, mid and late lactation periods. This varied behavior ultimately affects the quality of dairy products. In this chapter, the level of milk enzymes: lipases and esterases, plasmin (PL), plasminogen (PLG) phosphatases (alkaline phosphatase ALP; acid phosphatase (ACP), lysozyme (LZ), lactoperoxidase (LP), xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), and catalase (CAT) will be reviewed with respect to the stages of lactation periods

Temporal epidemiology of microfilaraemia among migrant workers entering Kuwait

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>There is paucity of published data on the microfilarial infection among migrants from endemic countries entering Kuwait. The primary objectives of this study were to use routine health surveillance data to i) to estimate the prevalence of microfilarial infection in migrant workers to Kuwait and ii) to determine the occurrence of any time trends in the proportions of microfilaria positives among these workers over the recent past.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Monthly aggregates of microfilaria thick slide test results obtained from routine health examinations of migrant workers conducted at the Ports and Border Health Division of Ministry of Health, Kuwait between January 1, 1992 and December 31, 2006, were available for trend analysis of these time series data.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>During the study period, the prevalence (per 100,000) of microfilaraemia positive migrant workers was 48 (1169/2449360). A third-order polynomial regression model of monthly proportions of microfilaraemic workers revealed a significant initial increase (<inline-formula><m:math name="1756-0500-1-8-i1" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><m:semantics><m:mrow><m:msub><m:mover accent="true"><m:mi>β</m:mi><m:mo>ˆ</m:mo></m:mover><m:mn>1</m:mn></m:msub></m:mrow><m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"> MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafqOSdiMbaKaadaWgaaWcbaGaeGymaedabeaaaaa@2EA2@</m:annotation></m:semantics></m:math></inline-formula> = 2.976 (± 0.157); <it>P </it>< 0.001), followed by a significant declining trend (<inline-formula><m:math name="1756-0500-1-8-i2" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><m:semantics><m:mrow><m:msub><m:mover accent="true"><m:mi>β</m:mi><m:mo>ˆ</m:mo></m:mover><m:mn>2</m:mn></m:msub></m:mrow><m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"> MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafqOSdiMbaKaadaWgaaWcbaGaeGOmaidabeaaaaa@2EA4@</m:annotation></m:semantics></m:math></inline-formula> = -0.0358 (± 0.002); <it>P </it>< 0.001) and a slight but significant upward trend (<inline-formula><m:math name="1756-0500-1-8-i3" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><m:semantics><m:mrow><m:msub><m:mover accent="true"><m:mi>β</m:mi><m:mo>ˆ</m:mo></m:mover><m:mn>3</m:mn></m:msub></m:mrow><m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"> MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafqOSdiMbaKaadaWgaaWcbaGaeG4mamdabeaaaaa@2EA6@</m:annotation></m:semantics></m:math></inline-formula> = 0.0001 (± < 0.001); <it>P </it>< 0.001) towards the end of study period.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study showed a recent steady but apparently asymptotic decline in the prevalence of microfilarial infection in migrant workers from filarial endemic countries to Kuwait. This may reflect either changes in the socio-economic backgrounds of recent migrants or the effects of recently initiated mass drug administration programs carried out in the endemic countries of origin.</p

Magnesium, a drug of diverse use

Magnesium has evolved as a drug with diverse clinical applications. Mg++ is an important caution and its homeostasis is very important for normal body functioning. The physiological role of Mg is due to its calcium channel blocking properties at smooth muscle, skeletal muscle and conduction system levels. The analgesic properties are due to NMDA receptor blocking action. Mg++ is beneficial in acute Myocardial Infarction, protection during open heart surgery and treatment and prevention of heart rhythm disturbances. Mg has an established role in the management of preeclampsia and eclampsia. Magnesium prevents or controls convulsions by blocking neuromuscular transmission and decreasing the release of acetylcholine at the motor nerve terminals. The use of MgSO4 in treating tetanus and acute asthma is established. In conclusion, Mg is a cost effective, widely used drug with multidisciplinary applications. Its majority of physiological effects are attributed to calcium channel blocking properties

Role of E-commerce in Export Development for SMEs in Developing Countries

Ubiquitous Information and Communication technologies use has driven E-commerce growth at a rapid pace for the last many years. It has expanded at double the rate of physical retailers for the last decade. SMEs despite being crucial to world economies owing to their flexibility and innovativeness, a large number of them only operates domestically especially in the developing countries. Export can be very profitable for SMEs in developing countries but poses challenges due to factors such as, lack of information and unclear customs clearance procedures, language barriers, higher shipping cost, distant and unfamiliar customers with different cultural background. E-commerce can help reach new customers globally, at a lower cost, faster pace and without intermediaries hence will lead to export growth. Keywords: E-Commerce, Export, SMEs, Developing Countrie

3-Methyl­thio­benzamide

In the title compound, C8H9NS, the dihedral angle between the aromatic ring and the thio­amide fragment is 36.0 (2)°. There are π-stacking inter­actions between coplanar aryl fragments, with a centroid–centroid separation of 3.658 (2) Å. In addition, there are inter­molecular hydrogen bonds between the amino group and the S atoms

SOLITARY FIBROUS TUMOR OF BREAST

Solitary fibrous tumours (SFTs) are fibroblastic mesenchymal tumour primarily identified in the pleura but are now being reported in other anatomic sites as well. SFT is generally characterised as a radiologically confined neoplasm composed of a proliferated spindle cells arranged in patternless manner. Intervening tissue shows prominent haemangiopericytoma-like vessels. Stroma is usually fibrous. Tumour is positive for CD34. SFT has a specific translocation representing fusion NAB2 with STAT6 genes. This translocation can be highlighted with very good specificity and sensitivity using STAT6 immunohistochemical stain. Some cases of SFTs have also been described in the breast. Rarely, SFT can show aggressive behaviour. SFT enters the differential diagnoses of benign and malignant spindle cell tumours of breast and it is, therefore, important that its clinical, radiological and pathological features are known to clinicians and diagnosticians. Key words: CD34, myofibroblastoma, NAB2-STAT6, solitary fibrous tumou

(2S)-Methyl 2-(4-chloro­benzene­sulfon­amido)-4-(methyl­sulfan­yl)butanoate

The enanti­omerically pure title compound, C12H16ClNO4S2, contains a pyramidal N atom with an S—N bond length of 1.6306 (15) Å. Mol­ecules are linked to form chains parallel to the a axis by classical N—H⋯O hydrogen bonding involving a sulfonyl O atom, supported by three weak C—H⋯X inter­actions. (X = S, O)

Comparative chemical investigation and evaluation of antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory effects of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal and Solanum nigrum (L.) berries

In the present study, berries of two different species of Solanaceae family, Withania somnifera (WS) and Solanum nigrum (SN), were extracted in methanol and then fractionated with solvents, ranging from non-polar to polar, for their phytochemical profiling and investigation of antioxidant and tyrosinase enzyme inhibition capacity. The methanolic extract and n-hexane, ethyl acetate (WSEA, SNEA) and aqueous fractions were chemically analyzed and evaluated for biological activity. Total flavonoids and total phenolics were quantified in WSEA (96.91 ± 1.56 µg QE mg–1 sample and 178.45 ± 2.78 μg GAE mg–1 sample, resp.) and SNEA (89.58 ± 0.98 µg QE mg–1 sample and 120.15 ± 2.33 μg GAE mg–1 sample, resp.). HPLC-DAD analysis of ethyl acetate fractions of WS and SN measured 13.74 and 5.34 μg GAE mg–1 dry fraction and 3.72 and 3.41 μg QE mg–1 dry fraction, resp. WSEA and SNEA fractions showed the highest 2,2-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, total antioxidant capacity and iron reducing power activity. The highest inhibition of tyrosinase enzyme was also exhibited by WSEA and SNEA (59.6 and 58.7 %) resp. This investigation justifies the medicinal value of W. somnifera and S. nigrum berry extracts as potential and readily available sources of natural antioxidants. Marked tyrosinase enzyme inhibition activity and antioxidant activity of both plant extracts might be due to polyphenols and flavonoids

2-(4-Bromo­phen­oxy)propanohydrazide

The title compound, C9H11BrN2O2, is an important inter­mediate for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds such as azoles, 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazo­les and 5-substituted 2-mercapto-1,3,4-oxadiazo­les. The bromo­phen­oxy group subtends a dihedral angle of 82.81 (7)° with the plane passing through the propanohydrazide moiety. The crystal structure is stabilized by inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds that form columns extending along the b axis