Relative Undernourishment and Food Insecurity Associations with Plasmodium falciparum Among Batwa Pygmies in Uganda: Evidence from a Cross-Sectional Survey

Although malnutrition and malaria co-occur among individuals and populations globally, effects of nutritional status on risk for parasitemia and clinical illness remain poorly understood. We investigated associations between Plasmodium falciparum infection, nutrition, and food security in a cross-sectional survey of 365 Batwa pygmies in Kanungu District, Uganda in January of 2013. We identified 4.1% parasite prevalence among individuals over 5 years old. Severe food insecurity was associated with increased risk for positive rapid immunochromatographic test outcome (adjusted relative risk [ARR] = 13.09; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 2.23–76.79). High age/sex-adjusted mid-upper arm circumference was associated with decreased risk for positive test among individuals who were not severely food-insecure (ARR = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.19–0.69). Within Batwa pygmy communities, where malnutrition and food insecurity are common, individuals who are particularly undernourished or severely food-insecure may have elevated risk for P. falciparum parasitemia. This finding may motivate integrated control of malaria and malnutrition in low-transmission settings

On benevolence and love of others

Hobbes is famous for his insights into the impact of man’s fear, glory and greed on war and peace, not for his views on the bearing of men’s benevolence on the commonwealth. Are Hobbesian people even capable of love of others? In the literature, we find two main answers: one view is that Hobbes ruled out the possibility of disinterested benevolence among men; the other is that Hobbes considered actions driven by genuine benevolence possible but uncommon. After reviewing in broad outlines the two above positions, this chapter seeks to demonstrate the claim that Hobbes did not consider relevant to establish if men are capable of genuine benevolence or not, because he maintained that benevolent men can be as inept as egoists in differentiating apparent and real good for themselves and their loved ones and the effect of misguided altruism on the commonwealth is as damaging as the effect of ill-advised egoism.Postprin

Entrance of Rome by the Piazza del Popolo / drawn by James Hakewill

1 vista, b/n. - Problablement publicat dins de: A pinturesque tour of Italy from drawings made in 1816-1817 \ by James Hakewill arch. London: John Murray, Albemarles Street, 1820

Mola di Gaieta / drawn by James Hakewill

1 vista, b/n. - Problablement publicat dins de: A pinturesque tour of Italy from drawings made in 1816-1817 \ by James Hakewill arch. London: John Murray, Albemarles Street, 1820

Lake of Lugano / drawn by James Hakewill

1 vista, b/n. - Problablement publicat dins de: A pinturesque tour of Italy from drawings made in 1816-1817 \ by James Hakewill arch. London: John Murray, Albemarles Street, 1820

Naples from the west / drawn by J.Hakewill ; engraved by George Cooke ; John Murray

1 vista, b/n. - Problablement publicat dins de: A pinturesque tour of Italy from drawings made in 1816-1817 \ by James Hakewill arch. London: John Murray, Albemarles Street, 1820.23 x 29 c

Mola di Gaieta / drawn by James Hakewill

1 vista, b/n. - Problablement publicat dins de: A pinturesque tour of Italy from drawings made in 1816-1817 \ by James Hakewill arch. London: John Murray, Albemarles Street, 1820

Naples from the west / drawn by J.Hakewill ; engraved by George Cooke ; John Murray

1 vista, b/n. - Problablement publicat dins de: A pinturesque tour of Italy from drawings made in 1816-1817 \ by James Hakewill arch. London: John Murray, Albemarles Street, 1820.23 x 29 c