ETHICS INSTRUMENTS USED IN AUDIT MISSIONS

The audit practice is increasingly heading towards a generalisation of this field that does not seem to have a direct connection with the accounting system of economic entities. We live in a very active period for the business world, in which the performances of the economic entity are increasingly analysed, which makes the financial statements as real and transparent as possible. But this transparency and reliability of financial and accounting information is given and validated by a professional accountant, who is also called auditor

REFLECTIONS ON THE NOTION OF CAPITAL

From a general perspective, the capital represents a monetary value, a value resource that is to be strategically invested and from which future economic benefits are expected. Investors, capital holders - monetary resources, based on the knowledge and forecasts used, using realistic capitalisation rates, determine under minimum or maximum risk conditions the capitalised value of the invested capital for an investment. The business evaluators in carrying out the missions of evaluating the value of an enterprise can use in the income capitalization approach, the method which involves reporting a representative level at a capitalisation rate or multiplying by a multiple of income. The objective of this paper is focused on the analysis of the notion of capital or of the terms of social capital, financial capital, own capital, etc

INTERNATIONAL TAXATION OF DIGITAL SERVICES – NECESSITY OR ABUSE?

In the 20¬th century, most developed countries taxed and redistributed - either in money or in kind - part of their wealth. This was done by taxing economic activities, either on the production side or on the consumer side. The wave of globalization that emerged after World War II and, more importantly, since the early 1990s, has made it difficult in some countries to tax companies, as tax evasion or tax optimization have become easier. Even in the case of these cross-border activities, as long as most of the sold items came from the traditional brick companies, this was more of an implementation problem than of design. The development of the digital economy on the basis of increasing returns on scale and intangible assets is a more fundamental problem. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the pros and cons of applying the taxation of digital services and goods on economic transactions with these types of services or goods

FINANCIAL COMUNICATION THROUGH THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ACORDING TO THE INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING SETTLEMENTS

The major financial statements are designed to provide a picture of theoverall financial position and performance of the business. In order to provide thisoverall picture, the accounting system will normally produce five major financialreports on a regular recurring basis. These financial statements, taken together,provide on overall picture of the financial health of the business. It says that who hasthe information has the power, and the way that it gets from the receiver iscommunication. From an accounting point of view, the communication is representedby financial statements, witch are regulated by IASB through IAS 1. Its objective is toprescribe the basis for presentation of general purpose financial statements, to ensurecomparability both with the entity’s financial statements of previous periods and withthe financial statements of other entities.financial statements, IASB, IAS/IFRS financial reporting

THE IAS/IFRS STANDARDS SYSTEM BETWEEN HARMONIZATION AND DEFORMITY

The development of competition, the globalization and the growth and integration of the capital markets require comparable accounting information based on superior- quality standards, an accounting information to consolidate and not to obstruct the global efficiency of the market .The obligatory adoption of the current IAS/IFRS norms for the creation of the financial statements of the European companies- and especially of the listed ones- are a necessary step for the full integration of the financial markets of EU member state. The 4th and 7th CE directives contributed to the harmonization of the base accounting information of the stock companies, determining a general improvement of the European accounting norms quality, and this due to the greater comparability of the companies' account, which eased the activity of the trans-border companies.IAS/IFRS norm, accounting information, deformity.

VALUING THE FINANCIAL AND ACCOUNTING INFORMATION IN THE CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE COSTS DIMENSION WITH POSTING FROM ROMANIA TO EUROPEAN UNION

Posting generates at least two types of conflicts: accounting versus fiscal and national versus European, because a confusion has arisen between posting and European mobility and many disagreements stem from to the structure of the minimum wage, which is different from one state to another. Due to the fact that posting is a phenomenon that has become increasingly large, there is very discussed topic in the field of accounting, especially from the perspective of the dimensioning the wage costs, contributions and taxes. The debates regarding the reflection in accounting of the human resources aspects, generally, and posting, particularly, have not reached a widely accepted point of view, but there is a continuation of the interest in this field by lighting some discussions on the essential issues of accounting (especially regarding the extent of the accounting representation of reality – including or not the “observation” of employee) or the definition of the social responsibility of the economic entity by providing information on social benefits and costs. What is the role of accounting information in decisions regarding posting cost sizing? What are the costs of posting at national level? These are some of the questions that will be answered in this research

ACCOUNTING TREATMENT OF WEB DESIGN ACCORDING TO INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS OF FINANCIAL REPORTING IAS / IFRS. AN INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL APPROACH

Great think regarding the Internet is the speed with which it has penetrated into our daily lives. History of the Internet began in 1960 but only in the early'90 the Internet has evolved to the point that we see today. An open society means also the rightweb design evaluation,recognition of web desing, accounting tretment of web design, international approach, national approach

THE ROLE OF THE ACCOUNTANT PROFESSIONAL IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND THE EXTERNALISATION OF THE ACCOUNTING FUNCTION

According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development - OECD, corporate governance is the system by means of which companies are managed and controlled. In 1999, were published the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance, these being currently recognized as one of the 12 pillars of international financial stability. The OECD principles served as a reference point for compiling a collection of national corporate governance codes. They focus mainly on the companies listed on regulated markets, although they also cover issues related to companies that have a big number of shareholders but are not listed. These principles refer to: the rights of shareholders and their protection, the equitable treatment of all shareholders, including the minority and foreign shareholders, the role and rights of stakeholders, the transparency of information and its prompt dissemination, the responsibilities of the Board of Directors and of the executive management.: corporate governance, the accounting financial information, users of financial accounting information

RESPONSIBILITY AND PERFORMANCE IN THE OIL INDUSTRY

In this paper we highlight the role of non-financial information contained in sustainability reports for a complex analysis of a company's performance structured on the three main components: economic, social and environmental. In order to achieve this goal, we set out to analyse the overall performance of a company in the oil industry, as this field of activity involves more complex responsibilities on the part of companies operating in this sector and is therefore more relevant

BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE RESEARCH INCLUDED IN THE WEB OF SCIENCE PLATFORM REGARDING TAX EVASION

Tax evasion is a hotly debated research topic in the field of scientific research and of great interest, both for the private organizational environment, for public institutions with responsibilities in the field of prevention, control and combating the phenomenon.Our study aims to determine the state of knowledge of the concept of tax evasion, by conducting a bibliometric analysis to identify research trends, scientific terminology used, the most researched topics, the most cited authors in the field, and the most influential studies, journals and countries addressing tax evasion. The available information was extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection database, one of the most popular scientific publication platforms that contains quality papers in terms of accuracy and relevance of scientific research.  Based on the data obtained, we used the method of scientific mapping and examined the geographical areas with the most frequent studies on this topic, by analyzing the international collaboration of the authors