Change of Consumer\u27s Reluctant Buying after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Disaster

特集　東日本大震

環境ボランティアによる地域リサイクルシステム構築のアクションプログラム

廃棄物減量と資源リサイクルを進めるという合意を地域で作るためには，資源リサイクルのシステムを構築するアクションプログラムを作ることが必要となる．そこで，住民自身がボランティアとして地域でリサイクルの仕組みを立ち上げるために実施したアクションプログラムの成功例を紹介し，それぞれのアクションがどのような効果を持ったのかをリサイクル資源の回収量を手掛かりにして評価した．ボランティアは，リサイクル資源回収への地域住民の協力を促し，その成果を住民にフィードバックし，地域でリサイクルの仕組みを作るという合意を形成するための一連のアクションを実行するという重要な役割を果たしていた．その事例に基づいて，住民と行政間での双方向のコミュニケーションを通じて地域の環境保全プログラムを開発することの重要性について考察した．In order to build a consensus on addressing garbage reduction and resources recycling in the community, it is necessary to prepare an action program to develop a resources recycling system. I described a successful example of the action program to promote community recycling system carried out by residents as volunteers, and evaluated the effects of actions by the amount of collected recyclable resources after each action. The volunteers performed a key role in implementing a series of actions to encourage the local residents\u27 voluntary participation and cooperation, gave feedback of these actions to the local residents, and in doing so they succeeded in building a consensus on the community\u27s recycling system. I discussed the importance of developing an environmental preservation program through interactive communication between public administration and residents

環境配慮行動の2段階モデルとごみ減量行動への応用

本研究の目的は，省エネ行動，リサイクリング，その他の環境配慮行動に関する研究を概観したうえで，環境配慮行動の2段階モデルを提案し，そのモデルによってごみ減量行動の規定因を説明することである． 2段階モデルは，環境配慮行動の実行までは2つの段階をたどること，すなわち環境に優しい生活を送りたいとの目標意図の形成の第一段階と，それに続く個別の環境配慮行動の行動意図を形成する第2段階からなることを仮定している．ごみ減量行動の社会調査結果はこのモデルによって説明しうることを確認した．The purposes of this study are to review relevant researches on energy conservation, recycling, and other environment conscious behaviors, to propose a two-phase decision-making model of environment conscious behabior, and to explain the determinants of waste reduction behaviors based on our model. The model consists of two phases; the first phase of forming a general goal intention to live proenvioronmental lifestyle and the latter phase of forming a behavior intention to choose a specific environmental behavior. Survey results of waste reduction behaviors could be explained successfully by this model

Metal Preferences of Zinc-Binding Motif on Metalloproteases

Almost all naturally occurring metalloproteases are monozinc enzymes. The zinc in any number of zinc metalloproteases has been substituted by some other divalent cation. Almost all Co(II)- or Mn(II)-substituted enzymes maintain the catalytic activity of their zinc counterparts. However, in the case of Cu(II) substitution of zinc proteases, a great number of enzymes are not active, for example, thermolysin, carboxypeptidase A, endopeptidase from Lactococcus lactis, or aminopeptidase B, while some do have catalytic activity, for example, astacin (37%) and DPP III (100%). Based on structural studies of various metal-substituted enzymes, for example, thermolysin, astacin, aminopeptidase B, dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) III, and del-DPP III, the metal coordination geometries of both active and inactive Cu(II)-substituted enzymes are shown to be the same as those of the wild-type Zn(II) enzymes. Therefore, the enzyme activity of a copper-ion-substituted zinc metalloprotease may depend on the flexibility of catalytic domain

Step wandering induced by the drift of adatoms in a conserved system

金沢大学総合メディア基盤センター　We study step wandering induced by the drift of adatoms in a conserved system. When steps are impermeable, in-phase wandering occurs with the step-down drift, The steps are unstable for long-wavelength fluctuations and the wavelength of the most unstable mode is determined by the competition between the drift and the step stiffness. When nonlinear effects are taken into account, the steps obey the same type of equation as that of the step wandering due to the Ehrlich-Schwoebel effect in growth without evaporation. We carry out Monte Carlo simulation and compare the results with the nonlinear evolution equation

Repulsion-mediated step wandering on a Si(001) vicinal face

金沢大学総合メディア基盤センター　With a Si(001) vicinal surface in mind, we study step wandering instability on a vicinal surface with an anisotropic surface diffusion whose orientation dependence alternates on each consecutive terrace. In a conserved system step wandering takes place with step-up adatom drift. Repulsive interaction between steps is found indispensable for the instability. Monte Carlo simulation with a strong repulsive step interaction confirms the result of linear stability analysis, and further shows that in-phase step wandering produces straight grooves. Grooves widen as their amplitudes increase in proportion to the square root of time

微小欠陥を含む部材の応力腐食割れおよび破壊靭性に関する研究

金沢大学教育学部研究第一年目に製作した交流電位差システムを使用し, 200°C焼戻しされた高張力鋼(SNCM8)切欠き平板(切欠き半径を種々異った場合について)を用い, 空気中および3.5%食塩水中での疲労亀裂伝藩試験を行い, 切欠き底での微小亀裂の開閉口, 伝藩挙動および破面の観察を行った. 更に, 破壊破面および破面下の残留応力をX線回折法で測定し, 疲労試験環境が破面下の残留応力分布に及ぼす影響を検討した. また塑性域深さに関して各種破壊要式の場合と比較した. その主な結果を次にまとめる.(1)切欠き部材での疲労亀裂の伝藩の連統計測に電位差を応用した場合, 光学顕微鏡表面観察では不可能な板厚中央部の非貫通亀裂の成長が測定され, 微小亀裂の初期成長には有効であった.(2)微小疲労亀裂伝藩速度は, 長い亀裂のda/dn-△K関係で予測される早く, かつ△Kのの増大とともに伝藩速度が低下した. これは伝藩速度を有効応力拡大係数範囲△K_で整理すると, 長い亀裂のdn/dn-△K_関係に一致した.(3)残留応力が消失する深さωyは最大塑性域深さに対応すると見なされるが, K_との間に次の関係が成立した.ωy=α(K_/σy)^2ただしσyは降伏応力である. α値は空気中疲労破面で0.19, 食塩水中疲労破面で0.06であった. α値が環境により異なる理由を, 塑性域の降伏応力が異るものとし, その値を評価したが, 食塩水中で著しい材料の硬化が推定される. このα値に関しては, 今後の詳細な研究が必要である.An AC electrical system with a lock-in amplifier was developed to measure the speciemen of crack in notched specimens of a high strength steel. This system was succesfully used to measure the crack length during SCC and fracture toughnesstests. Crack propagation tests were conducted both in air and in 3.5% NaCl solution. Resisual stress near the fracture surface were measured by X-Ray diffraction method. The results obtained are surmarized as follows;(1) Although the growth rate of short cracks was higher than that predicted from the rate-K relation for long cracks, it was uniquely related to the effective stress intensity factor range and the relation was identical for long cracks.(2) The residual stress measured on the fracture surface was tention both in air-fatigue and corrosion fatigue. The maximum depth of the plastic zone was evaluated on the basis of the residual stress distribution. The depth y is related to K _by the following equation:alpha) ( K_/ y )^2(omega) y = (K_/ y) ^2where y is the yield strength obtained in tension tests. is 0.19 for air fatigue and 0.06 for corrosion fatigue. The small value of in corrosion fatigue suggests the hardening of the material in the plastic zone due to the environmental effect.研究課題/領域番号:61550052, 研究期間(年度):1986 – 1987出典：研究課題「微小欠陥を含む部材の応力腐食割れおよび破壊靭性に関する研究」課題番号61550052（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）） （https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-61550052/615500521987kenkyu_seika_hokoku_gaiyo/）を加工して作

Improving sinterability of ceramics using hybrid microwave heating

金沢大学大学院自然科学研究科 金沢大学信頼性システム工学（工学部）Microwave processing, as a new method for sintering ceramics, has key advantages such as increased heating rate, uniform heating and reduced cost compared to conventional methods. It is generally accepted that microwave sintering can improve the macroscopic mechanical performances of ceramics, however, the performances of microwave-sintered ceramics on the microscopic scale are rarely investigated. In the present study, the ceramics are sintered by hybrid microwave sintering (HMS), which combines the characteristics of microwave heating and conventional heating. To evaluate the homogeneous performance of the sintered ceramics, the behaviors of thermal residual stress distribution in the microwave-sintered and conventionally sintered ceramics were investigated by X-ray diffraction technique. The thermal residual stress investigation shows microwaves can sinter ceramics in entire volume while offering improved mechanical properties. Subsequently, the distribution behaviors of pore ratio and hardness in the ceramics were investigated, respectively. The experiment results confirm that the sinterability of ceramics is homogenously improved by hybrid microwave sintering. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.in pres