MAGNETIC PROPERTIES AND MAGNETOCALORIC EFFECT OF Fe90-xPrxZr10 RAPIDLY QUENCHED ALLOYS

In this paper, we present the results of studying magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effect of Fe90-xPrxZr10 (x = 1, 2 and 3) rapidly quenched alloys. The alloy ribbons with thickness of about 15 µm were prepared by melt-spinning method on a single roller system. X-ray diffraction patterns of the ribbons manifest their almost amorphous structure. Thermomagnetization measurements show that the Curie temperature of the alloys can be controlled to be near room temperature by changing concentration of Pr (x). When the concentration of Pr is increased, saturation magnetization of the alloys increased from 48 emu/g (with x = 1) to 66.8 emu/g (with x = 2). All the ribbons reveal soft magnetic behavior with low coercive force (Hc 42 Oe). The magnetic entropy change of the alloys, |∆Sm|max 0.9 J.kg-1K-1 in magnetic field change DH = 12 kOe, shows large magnetocaloric effect at phase transition temperature. On the other hand, the working temperature range is quite large (dFWHM ~ 70 K) revealing an application potential in magnetic refrigeration technology of these alloys

The effect of M. tuberculosis lineage on clinical phenotype.

Six lineages of Mycobacterium tuberculosis sensu stricto (which excludes M. africanum) are described. Single-country or small observational data suggest differences in clinical phenotype between lineages. We present strain lineage and clinical phenotype data from 12,246 patients from 3 low-incidence and 5 high-incidence countries. We used multivariable logistic regression to explore the effect of lineage on site of disease and on cavities on chest radiography, given pulmonary TB; multivariable multinomial logistic regression to investigate types of extra-pulmonary TB, given lineage; and accelerated failure time and Cox proportional-hazards models to explore the effect of lineage on time to smear and culture-conversion. Mediation analyses quantified the direct effects of lineage on outcomes. Pulmonary disease was more likely among patients with lineage(L) 2, L3 or L4, than L1 (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.79, (95% confidence interval 1.49-2.15), p<0.001; aOR = 1.40(1.09-1.79), p = 0.007; aOR = 2.04(1.65-2.53), p<0.001, respectively). Among patients with pulmonary TB, those with L1 had greater risk of cavities on chest radiography versus those with L2 (aOR = 0.69(0.57-0.83), p<0.001) and L4 strains (aOR = 0.73(0.59-0.90), p = 0.002). L1 strains were more likely to cause osteomyelitis among patients with extra-pulmonary TB, versus L2-4 (p = 0.033, p = 0.008 and p = 0.049 respectively). Patients with L1 strains showed shorter time-to-sputum smear conversion than for L2. Causal mediation analysis showed the effect of lineage in each case was largely direct. The pattern of clinical phenotypes seen with L1 strains differed from modern lineages (L2-4). This has implications for clinical management and could influence clinical trial selection strategies