THE ACTIVITY OF ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTING OF THE BULLS FOR ACUTE CADMIUM TOXICOSIS

У статті наведено результати досліджень впливу кадмію хлориду на показники ензимної системи антиоксидантного захисту у молодняку великої рогатої худоби, а саме на активність каталази, супероксиддисмутази, глутатіонпероксидази, глутатіонредуктази та глюкозо-6-фосфатдегідрогенази. Встановлено, що згодовування бичкам даного токсиканту у дозі 0,3 мг/кг маси тіла активність каталази, супероксиддисмутази, глутатіонпероксидази, глутатіонредуктази та глюкозо-6-фосфатдегідрогенази у крові дослідних тварин упродовж усього досліду знижувалася. Найнижчою активність показників ензимної системи антиоксидантного захисту у крові молодняку великої рогатої худоби встановлено на двадцять четверту годину досліду, що пов’язано із посиленою активацією процесів ліпопероксидації та порушенням рівноваги між активністю антиоксидантної системи та інтенсивністю перекисного окиснення ліпідів.В статье приведены результаты исследований влияния кадмия хлорида на показатели энзимной системы антиоксидантной защиты у молодняка крупного рогатого скота, а именно на активность каталазы, супероксиддисмутазы, глутатионпероксидазы, глутатионредуктазы и глюкозо-6-фосфатдегидрогеназы. Установлено, что скармливание бычка данного токсиканта в дозе 0,3 мг/кг массы тела активность каталазы, супероксиддисмутазы, глутатионпероксидазы, глутатионредуктазы и глюкозо-6-фосфатдегидрогеназы в крови подопытных животных в течение всего опыта снижалась. Низкой активность показателей энзимной системы антиоксидантной защиты в крови молодняка крупного рогатого скота установлено на двадцать четыре часа опыта, что связано с усиленной активацией процессов липопероксидации и нарушением равновесия между активностью антиоксидантной системы и интенсивности перекисного окисления липидов.This article presents the results of search of the influence of cadmium chloride on the indices of enzymatic antioxidant defense system in young cattle, namely the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. It was found out that bulls feeding of the toxicant at a dose of 0,3 mg/kg on body mass of catalase activity, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the blood of experimental animals throughout the experiment is decreased. The lowest activity of indicators of enzymatic of antioxidant defense system in the blood of young cattle is set at twenty-four hours of the experiment, which is associated with increased activation of lipid peroxidation and imbalance between the activity of antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation intensity

Level of phenotypic manifestation of feeding and meat qualities of young pigs of different intrabreed differentiation according to some multi-component evaluation indexes

The paper deals with the results of the search for fattening and meat qualities of young pigs of Large White breeds of different interbreeding differentiation according to some integrated indicators, the level of correlations between traits, and the economic efficiency of research results is calculated. The experimental part of the work was performed in agricultural formations of the Dnipropetrovsk region and the laboratory of animal husbandry of the State Establishment Institution “Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS of Ukraine”. Evaluation of young pigs for fattening and meat qualities was carried out taking into account the following indicators: average daily gain of live weight during the period of control fattening, kg, age achievement of live weight 100 kg, days, the thickness of the lard at the level of 6–7 thoracic vertebrae, mm, the length of the chilled carcass, cm. A comprehensive evaluation of young pigs for fattening and meat qualities was performed according to the Tyler and Sazer-Fredin indices. Economic efficiency of research results and biometric processing of the obtained data were carried out according to generally accepted methods. It was found that young pigs of the Large White breed of the controlled population at the age of 100 kg exceeded the minimum requirements of the elite class by 6.13%, the thickness of the lard at the level of 6-7 thoracic vertebrae – 32.25 % and the length of the chilled carcass – 3.92 %. A significant difference between animals of different interbreeding differentiation according to the Tyler index (groups I and III) was set up by the average daily gain of live weight during the control period of fattening (91.7 g), age of 100 kg live weight (7.3 days), lard thickness at the level of 6–7 thoracic vertebrae (3.4 mm), length of the chilled carcass (1.7 cm), length of bacon half of chilled carcass (2.7 cm). Taking into account the interbreed differentiation according to the Sazer-Fredin index, it is found that young pigs of the II group prevailed over their peers of I in terms of average daily increase in live weight during the period of control fattening by 4.03 %, age of achievement of live weight of 100 kg – 3.67 % and length of the chilled carcass – 0.2 %. The pairwise correlation coefficient between fattening and meat qualities of young pigs and evaluation indices ranges from -0.710 (tr = 10.24) to +0.844 (tr = 20.98). The maximum increase in additional products was obtained from young pigs of the first experimental group according to the Tyler index (+5.03 %) and the second experimental group according to the Sazer-Fredin index (+1.12 %). The cost of additional products got from the young pigs of these groups, provided that the selling price per 1 kg of live weight of young pigs at the time of the search was 47.5 UAH is +247.51 and +55.42 UAH/head, respectively

Feeding and meat qualities of young pigs of different genotypes according to melanocortin 4 receptor (Mc4r) gene and interbreed differentiation according to the coefficient of decrease in growth intensity in early ontogenesis

The paper presents the results of studies of fattening and meat qualities of young large white pigs of different genotypes for the melanocortin receptor 4 (Mc4r) gene and the decline in growth intensity in early ontogeny. The research was carried out in the agricultural formations of the Dnipropetrovsk region, the Jazz meat processing plant, the laboratory of the genetics of the Institute of Pig Breeding and APV of the National Academy of Sciences, and the laboratory of animal husbandry of the State Institution “Institute of Grain Crops of the National Academy of Sciences”. The work was carried out following the scientific research program of the National Academy of Sciences No. 30, “Innovative technologies of breeding, industrial and organic production of pig farming products” (“Pig farming”). Assessment of animals for fattening and meat quality was carried out taking into account the following characteristics: average daily gain of live weight during the period of control fattening, g; the age of reaching 100 kg live weight, days, length of the chilled carcass, cm; length of the bacon half of the cooled carcass, cm; thickness of lard at the level of 6–7 thoracic vertebrae, mm. The coefficient of decline in growth intensity was calculated according to the method of Yu. K. Sviechin. Biometric research results were processed using generally accepted methods. It was established that according to live weight at 4 and 6 months of age, fattening and meat qualities (age of reaching a live weight of 100 kg, days; lard thickness at the level of 6–7 thoracic vertebrae, mm; length of the chilled carcass, cm) young pigs the controlled population belongs to the I class and the elite class. The coefficient of growth decline in animals of the controlled population ranges from 108.57 to 142.51 points. The data analysis shows that according to the live weight at 4 and 6 months of age, the age of reaching the live weight of 100 kg, the fat thickness at the level of 6–7 thoracic vertebrae, and the length of the chilled carcass, the young pigs of the controlled population belong to the I class and the elite class. Animals of the Mc4r АГ genotype prevail over peers of the Mc4r AA genotype in terms of fattening and meat qualities by an average of 5.90 %. The interbreed differentiation of young pigs by the coefficient of the intensity of growth decline (∆K) shows that the difference between the animals of the experimental groups in terms of the average daily gain in live weight is 23.3 g (td = 2.62), the age of reaching 100 kg live weight is 2.7 days (td = 1.59), the length of the cooled carcass is 1.4 mm (td = 2.12). The number of reliable correlations between fattening and meat qualities, coefficient of the intensity of growth decline (∆K), and Tyler B. index is 75.0 %, which indicates the possibility of their use in selection and breeding work. The use of young pigs of the Mc4r АG genotype and animals of the I group, in which the coefficient of the intensity of growth decline (∆K) ranges from 115.61 to 123.27 points, provides additional production at the level of +3.68 – +1.75 % respectively

Physicochemical properties and chemical composition of muscle tissue of young pigs of large white breed and their correlation with some serum enzymes

The aim of the study was to investigate the biochemical parameters of blood serum, physicochemical properties and chemical composition of muscle tissue of young white pigs of English origin, as well as to calculate the level of correlations between the main quantitative traits. The experimental part of the work was carried out in LTd “AF” Dzerzhynets” Dnipropetrovsk region, Research Center for Biosafety and Environmental Control of Agricultural Resources Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University, Ltd “Globinsky Meat Plant” Poltava region, laboratory of zootechnical analysis of the Institute of Pig Breeding and Agriculture and livestock laboratories of the Institute of Cereals NAAS. Blood sampling for biochemical studies was performed in 5-month-old animals, serum activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase and α-amylase was determined. Physicochemical properties and chemical composition of the longest muscle of the back (m. Longissimus dorsi) were studied on the indicators of “moisture holding capacity, %”, “color intensity, units. ext. × 1000”, “tenderness”, c, “fat content, %”, “total moisture content, %”, “protein content, %”, “heat loss, %”, and “energy value of muscle tissue, kcal”. It was found that the biochemical parameters of blood serum of young pigs of large white breed at 5 months of age correspond to the physiological norm of clinically healthy animals. Thus, the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is 1.33 ± 0.074 mmol/h/l, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) – 1.87 ± 0.063 mmol/h/l, alkaline phosphatase – 291.99 ± 12.517 IU/l,α-amylase – 169.82 ± 5.005 g/h×l. Studies of physicochemical properties and chemical composition of samples of the longest back muscle of young pigs of large white breed show that the number of high quality samples in terms of “moisture holding capacity, %” is equal to 12.0%, “color intensity, units. ext. × 1000” – 16.0 %, “tenderness, c” – 12.0 % and “fat content, %” – 16.0 %. Significant correlations were established between the following pairs of features: moisture holding capacity, % × protein content, % (-0.484 ± 0.1825, tr = 2.65), moisture holding capacity, % × heat loss, % -0.416 ± 0.1896, tr = 2.19), fat content, % × moisture holding capacity, %, (-0.450 ± 01862, tr = 2.42), fat content, % × energy value, kcal (0.836 ± 0.1144, tr = 7.31), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, mmol/h/l × pH, units of acidity, (0.443 ± 0.1859, tr = 2.37), alkaline phosphatase activity, units/l × color intensity, units. ext. × 1000 (-0.483 ± 0.1826, tr = 2.65), alkaline phosphatase activity, units/l × P, % (0.484 ± 0.1825, tr = 2.65)

HEMATOLOGICAL CHANGES OF RATS AFTER CADMIUM TOXICOSIS

In the article we analysed biochemical and morphological indices of rats’ blood under cadmium loading. We fixed the reduction of erythrocytes and leucocytes amount in blood of researching rats and increasing of amino transpherases activity. The amounts of erythrocytes and leucocytes and contents of hemoglobin are important indices of organism reaction on toxic action of cadmium chloride. We found out that in rat’s blood who were given cadmium chloride there amount of erythrocytes diminished to 36 %. The receiving research results find out that poisoning of rats by cadmium results into changes of morphological and biochemical composition of rats, increasing of erythrocytes and leucocytes and rising of aminotransferase activity, increasing of   hemoglobin in blood of researched animals

Influence of milk thistle, methifene and sylimevit on the morphological parameters of laying hens in experimental chronic cadmium toxicosis

One of the most pressing problems of modern science is the systematic study of natural processes, forecasting and complex assessment of changes in the environment under the influence of anthropogenic load. Blood composition is a relatively constant indicator, which is at the same time one of the labile systems of laying hens. Physiological processes that occur in the body, largely affect the quality of blood. Hematological studies make it possible to study in more detail the effect of cadmium on the body of chickens, on the basis of which a more specific development of the scheme of treatment and prevention of cadmium toxicosis in poultry is possible. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of milk thistle, methifene and silymevitis on the morphological indices of laying hens in the development of chronic cadmium toxicosis. 32 laying hens, 78 weeks of age, were selected for the study. Four experimental groups were formed: control and three experimental. The control group (C) chickens and the three experimental groups were cadmium sulfate 4 mg/kg body weight in water. The chickens of the experimental group E1 with feed were fed the fruits of milk thistle spotted at a dose of 2.0 g/kg of feed once a day for 30 days. The chickens of the E2 experimental group were fed methifene at a dose of 0.28 g/kg of feed once a day for 30 days with feed. The chickens of the E3 experimental group were fed a sylimevit at a dose of 0.36 g/kg of feed once a day for 30 days. Drinking cadmium sulphate to laying hens at a dose of 4 mg/kg body weight contributed to a decrease in red blood cell count, hemoglobin level and an increase in leukocyte counts. With cadmium load of laying hens, milk thistle, methifene and sylimevit have a positive effect on the morphological parameters of the blood. In chronic cadmium toxicosis in laying hens, the best normalizing effect on the morphological parameters of the blood of experimental chickens is sylimevit, compared with methifene and milk thistle

The quality of gosling meat depending on the level of lithium in mixed fodders

Micronutrients are an important component of a complete poultry feeding. Current detailed feeding standards provide guaranteed feed additives for farm poultry of the microelement complex. Among the normalized microelements there is no lithium, which according to the classification based on biological role for living organisms belongs to the group of conditionally essential elements. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of various doses of lithium in compound feed on the chemical composition and toxicological and biological parameters of caterpillar meat. The effect of additives of different doses of lithium (0.05 mg/kg, 0.10 and 0.15 mg/kg) in compound forages on the quality and safety of the products of slaughter of 70-day gosling was studied. The studies were conducted on gosling of the Legart breed. Feeding of gosling from day to 70 days of age was carried out by full-feed compound feeds. The birds of the experimental groups were additionally injected with lithium in the feed, mg/kg: the second group was 0.05; third – 0.10 and fourth – 0.15. The gosling of the control group did not receive lithium. Analysis of the results of the studies revealed differences between the control and experimental groups in the chemical composition of the muscular tissue of the gosling in favor of the latter. It was found that the introduction of lithium compound feed had a positive effect on the deposition of dry matter, protein and fat in the gosling of the experimental groups, which contributed to its increased energy and biological value. The best indicators of meat quality were in young animals, which during the growing period were fed compound feeds enriched with lithium at the rate of 0.1 and 0.15 mg/kg

The influence of the preparation “Bendamin” on the morphological and biochemical indices of blood of rats in experimental modeling of heart failure

The purpose of this work was to study the influence of “Bendamin” on the morphological and biochemical indices of rat blood in experimental modeling of heart failure. The investigation were performed on white sexually mature young  male-rats of Wistar line  weighing 180–200 g, kept at the standard ration of the institute vivarium of the State Research Institute of Veterinary Preparations and Fodder Additives. To create a model of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy, 24 male rats were selected. Animals were divided into 3 groups of 6 animals in each: control group – intact animals; experimental group E1, in which animals were modeled doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy by intraperitoneal injected of doxorubicin at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg 3 times a week for two weeks; experimental group E2, in which animals, after injection of doxorubicin, the preparation “Bendamin” was injected in the dose 20 mg/kg intragastrically. For experimental modeling of heart a decrease in the number of red blood cells was found in the blood of rats of the first experimental group by 34.7 % and hemoglobin level – by 24.2 %, with a simultaneous increase in the average hemoglobin content in one erythrocyte by 16.2 %. Doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in rats of the first experimental group was accompanied by a decrease in leukocyte count by 22.2 %, an increase in uric acid level by almost in 2 times, creatinine by 11.4 %, cholesterol by 61.1 %. In the research of the protein synthesizing function of the liver of rats in experimental modeling of heart failure, a decrease in total protein by 9.6 % was found. These changes were accompanied by a slight decrease in albumin levels and a slight increase in globulin levels. By intoxication with doxorubicin, rats of the first experimental group showed a violation of the functional state of the liver, indicating an increase in the activity of aminotransferases in their blood, namely: AlAT by 34.2 %, AsAT – by 21.7 %, accordingly. Positive action of cardio preparation “Bendamin” on rats organism under conditions of creation of a model of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy was installed, manifested by the normalization of hematological and biochemical parameters, functional status and protein synthesis of the liver

System of antioxidant protection of the body of piglets under the action of feed additive “Butaselmevit-plus”

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the feed additive “Butaselmevit-plus” on the state of the antioxidant defense system of piglets during weaning. The experiments were conducted on the basis of the LTD “KOSHET” Mukachevo district of Zakarpattia region. Two groups of piglets were formed – control and experimental, in the amount of 10 individuals in each group, selected on the principle of analogs – age, breed and body weight. Animals were fed according to the norms for this age of pigs. On the 28th day of life, the piglets were weaned from the sow and regrouped from different nests for further maintenance during fattening and rearing with a change in the structure of the diet, which served as technological stress for the animal's body. Piglets of the experimental group, from 21 to 40 days of age, were additionally fed the feed additive “Butaselmevit-plus” at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight per day. The material for the study was blood, which was taken in the morning before feeding the animals by puncture of the cranial vena cava for 20 days of life (the period before weaning), for 25 days of life (the period before weaning), for 30 days of life (2 days after weaning), for 35 days of life (7 days after weaning), 40 days of life (12 days after weaning). It is proved that feeding piglets feed additive “Butaselmevit-plus” enhanced the antioxidant status of piglets after weaning. It was found that under conditions of technological stress, the use of feed additive “Butaselmevit-plus” in the amount of 100 mg/kg body weight per day improves the antioxidant defense of the body, as evidenced by an increase in blood 35-day-old piglets superoxide dismutase activity by 26.7 % (P < 0.001), catalase – by 39.5 % (P < 0.001), glutathione peroxidase – by 51.7 % (P < 0.05), glutathione reductase – by 52.9 % (P < 0.05), the content of reduced glutathione – at 58.3 % (P < 0.001). These results confirm the effectiveness of the use of milk thistle, methionine, selenium, and vitamins A, E, and D3 in the feed additive “Butaselmevit-plus” to piglets in the period before and after weaning to activate the protective systems of their body

Вплив переробки неякісних ветпрепаратів та кормових добавок на стан довкілля

Considering the requirements of the European Union for the quality and safety of veterinary drugs, feed and fodder additives and contamination of the environment with waste production, topical issue is the waste of utilization veterinary products of not quality: veterinary drugs and feed additives. Conducted analysis of waste utilization methods of veterinary drugs, feed and fodder additives will help manufacturers of veterinary products to use such methods of destruction of defective raw materials and drugs, which increase the culture of production and promote the fight for the health of animals and poultry, and therefore are safe for human health, is practical and economically feasible, not causing the environmental damage, make it possible to destroy the waste to the extent of their education.Учитывая требования Европейского союза к качеству и безопасности ветеринарных препаратов, кормов, кормовых добавок и загрязнения внешней среды отходами производства, актуален вопрос утилизации отходов некачественной ветеринарной продукции: ветеринарных препаратов и кормовых добавок. Проведенный анализ методов утилизации отходов ветеринарных препаратов, кормов, кормовых добавок даст возможность производителям ветеринарной продукции использовать такие методы уничтожения некачественного сырья и препаратов, которые повышают культуру производства продукции и способствуют здоровью животных и птицы, практичны и экономически целесообразны, не приносят вреда внешней среде, дают возможность уничтожать отходы по мере их образования.Враховуючи вимоги Європейського союзу до якості та безпечності ветеринарних препаратів, кормів та кормових добавок і забруднення природного середовища відходами виробництва, актуальним є питання утилізації відходів неякісної ветеринарної продукції: ветеринарних препаратів та кормових добавок. Проведений аналіз методів утилізування відходів ветеринарних препаратів, кормів та кормових добавок допоможе виробникам ветеринарної продукції використовувати такі методи знищення неякісної сировини та препаратів, які підвищують культуру виробництва продукції та сприяють здоров’ю тварин і птиці, а відповідно є безпечними для здоров’я людей, є практичними та економічно доцільними, не наносять шкоди навколишньому середовищу, дають можливість знищувати відходи в міру їх утворення