Učinkovitost biljnog pripravka protiv cekalne kokcidioze u tovnih pilića

The anticoccidial efficacy of a herbal complex consisting of Solanum nigram (35%), Aloe vera (15%), Moringa indica (35%) and Mentha arvensis (15%) was tested against Eimeria tenella infection in broilers. Thirty day old broiler chicks were divided into 5 experimental groups, each group having 6 chicks, and were maintained on an anticoccidial free diet. Groups A, B, C and D were challenged with 30,000 sporulated oocysts of E. tenella at day 28 of age, while group E served as the uninfected unmedicated control. After 3 days of challenge infection, the birds belonging to groups A and B were treated with herbal complex at the dose rate of 5 and 10% for 7 days continuously. Group C was fed with Salinomycin mixed feed for the same period. In the treatment groups, the birds that received 10% (group B) herbal complex showed better body mass gain between the 4th and 5th weeks (344.34 ± 59.81gm), superior feed conversion ratio (1.77 ± 0.43) and moderate caecal length (11.5 ± 1.19 cm). However, there was no significant difference in the oocyst output between all the treated and control groups. The body mass gain, FCR and caecal length of the uninfected unmedicated group were 461.86 ± 87.03, 1.70 ± 0.46 and 16.9 ± 1.2 cm respectively. Mortality of birds was recorded in groups A and D only.Protukokcidijska učinkovitost biljnoga pripravka sastavljenoga od biljaka Solanum nigram 35%, Aloe vera 15%, Moringa indica 35% i Mentha arvensis 15% istražena je na tovnim pilićima invadiranima kokcidijom Eimeria tenella. Trideset jednodnevnih pilića bilo je podijeljeno u pet pokusnih skupina. U svakoj skupini bilo je šest pilića, koji su do pokusa bili hranjeni krmivom bez protukokcidijskih sredstava. Pilići skupina A, B, C i D bili su u dobi od 28 dana invadirani s 30 000 sporuliranih oocisti E. tenella. Pilići skupine E bili su neinvadirana i neliječena kontrola. Trećega dana nakon izazivačke invazije, pilićima skupina A i B primijenjen je biljni pripravak u količini od 5 do 10% tijekom sedam dana. Skupina C bila je istodobno hranjena krmivom s primiješanim salinomicinom. U pilića skupine B koji su u hrani dobivali 10%-tni biljni pripravak ustanovljen je bolji prirast u razdoblju od 4. do 5. tjedna (344,34 ± 59,81 g), veća iskoristivost hrane (1,77 ± 0,43 g) i srednja dužina slijepog crijeva 11,5 ± 11,9 cm. Nije ustanovljena značajna razlika u broju oocisti između obrađivanih skupina i kontrolne skupine. U neinvadirane i neliječene skupine prirast je iznosio 461,86 ± 87,03, FCR 1,70 ± 0,46, dok je dužina slijepog crijeva iznosila 16,9 ± 1,2 cm. Uginuća su zabilježena samo u skupini A i D

Učinkovitost biljnog pripravka protiv cekalne kokcidioze u tovnih pilića

The anticoccidial efficacy of a herbal complex consisting of Solanum nigram (35%), Aloe vera (15%), Moringa indica (35%) and Mentha arvensis (15%) was tested against Eimeria tenella infection in broilers. Thirty day old broiler chicks were divided into 5 experimental groups, each group having 6 chicks, and were maintained on an anticoccidial free diet. Groups A, B, C and D were challenged with 30,000 sporulated oocysts of E. tenella at day 28 of age, while group E served as the uninfected unmedicated control. After 3 days of challenge infection, the birds belonging to groups A and B were treated with herbal complex at the dose rate of 5 and 10% for 7 days continuously. Group C was fed with Salinomycin mixed feed for the same period. In the treatment groups, the birds that received 10% (group B) herbal complex showed better body mass gain between the 4th and 5th weeks (344.34 ± 59.81gm), superior feed conversion ratio (1.77 ± 0.43) and moderate caecal length (11.5 ± 1.19 cm). However, there was no significant difference in the oocyst output between all the treated and control groups. The body mass gain, FCR and caecal length of the uninfected unmedicated group were 461.86 ± 87.03, 1.70 ± 0.46 and 16.9 ± 1.2 cm respectively. Mortality of birds was recorded in groups A and D only.Protukokcidijska učinkovitost biljnoga pripravka sastavljenoga od biljaka Solanum nigram 35%, Aloe vera 15%, Moringa indica 35% i Mentha arvensis 15% istražena je na tovnim pilićima invadiranima kokcidijom Eimeria tenella. Trideset jednodnevnih pilića bilo je podijeljeno u pet pokusnih skupina. U svakoj skupini bilo je šest pilića, koji su do pokusa bili hranjeni krmivom bez protukokcidijskih sredstava. Pilići skupina A, B, C i D bili su u dobi od 28 dana invadirani s 30 000 sporuliranih oocisti E. tenella. Pilići skupine E bili su neinvadirana i neliječena kontrola. Trećega dana nakon izazivačke invazije, pilićima skupina A i B primijenjen je biljni pripravak u količini od 5 do 10% tijekom sedam dana. Skupina C bila je istodobno hranjena krmivom s primiješanim salinomicinom. U pilića skupine B koji su u hrani dobivali 10%-tni biljni pripravak ustanovljen je bolji prirast u razdoblju od 4. do 5. tjedna (344,34 ± 59,81 g), veća iskoristivost hrane (1,77 ± 0,43 g) i srednja dužina slijepog crijeva 11,5 ± 11,9 cm. Nije ustanovljena značajna razlika u broju oocisti između obrađivanih skupina i kontrolne skupine. U neinvadirane i neliječene skupine prirast je iznosio 461,86 ± 87,03, FCR 1,70 ± 0,46, dok je dužina slijepog crijeva iznosila 16,9 ± 1,2 cm. Uginuća su zabilježena samo u skupini A i D

Učinkovitost biljnog pripravka protiv cekalne kokcidioze u tovnih pilića

The anticoccidial efficacy of a herbal complex consisting of Solanum nigram (35%), Aloe vera (15%), Moringa indica (35%) and Mentha arvensis (15%) was tested against Eimeria tenella infection in broilers. Thirty day old broiler chicks were divided into 5 experimental groups, each group having 6 chicks, and were maintained on an anticoccidial free diet. Groups A, B, C and D were challenged with 30,000 sporulated oocysts of E. tenella at day 28 of age, while group E served as the uninfected unmedicated control. After 3 days of challenge infection, the birds belonging to groups A and B were treated with herbal complex at the dose rate of 5 and 10% for 7 days continuously. Group C was fed with Salinomycin mixed feed for the same period. In the treatment groups, the birds that received 10% (group B) herbal complex showed better body mass gain between the 4th and 5th weeks (344.34 ± 59.81gm), superior feed conversion ratio (1.77 ± 0.43) and moderate caecal length (11.5 ± 1.19 cm). However, there was no significant difference in the oocyst output between all the treated and control groups. The body mass gain, FCR and caecal length of the uninfected unmedicated group were 461.86 ± 87.03, 1.70 ± 0.46 and 16.9 ± 1.2 cm respectively. Mortality of birds was recorded in groups A and D only.Protukokcidijska učinkovitost biljnoga pripravka sastavljenoga od biljaka Solanum nigram 35%, Aloe vera 15%, Moringa indica 35% i Mentha arvensis 15% istražena je na tovnim pilićima invadiranima kokcidijom Eimeria tenella. Trideset jednodnevnih pilića bilo je podijeljeno u pet pokusnih skupina. U svakoj skupini bilo je šest pilića, koji su do pokusa bili hranjeni krmivom bez protukokcidijskih sredstava. Pilići skupina A, B, C i D bili su u dobi od 28 dana invadirani s 30 000 sporuliranih oocisti E. tenella. Pilići skupine E bili su neinvadirana i neliječena kontrola. Trećega dana nakon izazivačke invazije, pilićima skupina A i B primijenjen je biljni pripravak u količini od 5 do 10% tijekom sedam dana. Skupina C bila je istodobno hranjena krmivom s primiješanim salinomicinom. U pilića skupine B koji su u hrani dobivali 10%-tni biljni pripravak ustanovljen je bolji prirast u razdoblju od 4. do 5. tjedna (344,34 ± 59,81 g), veća iskoristivost hrane (1,77 ± 0,43 g) i srednja dužina slijepog crijeva 11,5 ± 11,9 cm. Nije ustanovljena značajna razlika u broju oocisti između obrađivanih skupina i kontrolne skupine. U neinvadirane i neliječene skupine prirast je iznosio 461,86 ± 87,03, FCR 1,70 ± 0,46, dok je dužina slijepog crijeva iznosila 16,9 ± 1,2 cm. Uginuća su zabilježena samo u skupini A i D

Organostannoxanes and cyclophosphazenes as scaffolds for multi-ferrocene assemblies

The reactions of n-butylstannonic acid and di n-butyltinoxide with ferrocene monocarboxylic acid have been studied. In the former reaction a hexameric compound, [n-BuSn(O)OC(O)C<SUB>5</SUB>H<SUB>4</SUB>FeC<SUB>5</SUB>H<SUB>5</SUB>]<SUB>6</SUB> has been isolated in a quantitative yield. In the latter reaction a tetrameric compound [n-Bu<SUB>2</SUB>SnO<SUB>2</SUB>C(C<SUB>5</SUB>H<SUB>4</SUB>FeC<SUB>5</SUB>H<SUB>5</SUB><SUB>2</SUB>O]<SUB>2</SUB> has been isolated. In contrast to the drum like structure of the former compound, the latter has a ladder like arrangement. Both [n-BuSn(O)OC(O)C<SUB>5</SUB>H<SUB>4</SUB>FeC<SUB>5</SUB>H<SUB>5</SUB>]<SUB>6</SUB> and [n-Bu<SUB>2</SUB>SnO<SUB>2</SUB>C(C<SUB>5</SUB>H<SUB>4</SUB>FeC<SUB>5</SUB>H<SUB>5</SUB>)2O]<SUB>2</SUB> are electro-chemically robust and show a single oxidation peak in the cyclic voltammetric experiment corresponding to the simultaneous oxidation of six and four ferrocene substituents respectively. The hydrazine substituted cyclophosphazenes, N<SUB>3</SUB>P<SUB>3</SUB>[N(Me)NH<SUB>2</SUB>]<SUB>6</SUB>, gem-N<SUB>3</SUB>P<SUB>3</SUB>Ph<SUB>2</SUB>[N(Me)NH<SUB>2</SUB>]<SUB>4</SUB>, and gem-N<SUB>3</SUB>P<SUB>3</SUB>(O<SUB>2</SUB>C1<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>8</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>[N(Me)NH<SUB>2</SUB>]<SUB>2</SUB>, are readily condensed with ferrocene carboxaldehyde, C<SUB>5</SUB>H<SUB>5</SUB>FeC<SUB>5</SUB>H<SUB>4</SUB>CHO, to afford the corresponding cyclophosphazenes linked to the ferrocenyl moiety through the hydrazone linkage, N<SUB>3</SUB>P<SUB>3</SUB>[N(Me)N=CHC<SUB>5</SUB>H<SUB>4</SUB>FeC<SUB>5</SUB>H<SUB>5</SUB>]<SUB>6</SUB>, gem-N<SUB>3</SUB>P<SUB>3</SUB>Ph<SUB>2</SUB>[N(Me)N=CHC<SUB>5</SUB>H<SUB>4</SUB>FeC<SUB>5</SUB>H<SUB>5</SUB>]<SUB>4</SUB>, and gem-N<SUB>3</SUB>P<SUB>3</SUB>(O<SUB>2</SUB>C1<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>8</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>]N(Me)N=CHC<SUB>5</SUB>H<SUB>4</SUB>FeC<SUB>5</SUB>H<SUB>5</SUB>]<SUB>2</SUB>

42-and 46-membered phosphorus-based macrocycles

42- and 46-Membered phosphorus-based macrocycles were obtained in a [2+2] condensation of PhP(O)[N(Me)NH2]2 with dialdehydes. These macrocycles were isolated in a pure form after preparative thin layer chromatography and were characterized by multinuclear NMR and mass spectroscopy. The FAB mass spectra of these macrocycles revealed parent ion (M+1) peaks in good intensity

Cyclophosphazene hydrazides as scaffolds for multi-ferrocenyl assemblies: synthesis, structure, and electrochemistry

Reactions of N-methylhydrazine with chlorocyclophosphazenes, N3P3Cl6 (1), N3P3(OPh)Cl5 (2), gem-N3P3Ph2Cl4 (3), spiro-N3P3(O2C112H8)2Cl2 (4), N3P3(OPh)5Cl (5), and diphenylphosphinic chloride, Ph2P(O)Cl (6), proceed in a regiospecific manner to afford the products N3P3[N(Me)NH2]6 (1a), N3P3(OPh)[N(Me)NH2]5 (2a), gem-N3P3Ph2[N(Me)NH2]4 (3a), spiro-N3P3(O2C12H8)2[N(Me)NH2]2 (4a), N3P3(OPh)5[N(Me)NH2] (5a), and Ph2P(O)[N(Me)NH2] (6a). The terminal NH2 groups in all of these compounds are reactive and have been used in the condensation reaction involving ferrrocene-2-carboxaldehyde to afford the corresponding hydrazones N3P3[N(Me)N=CHC5H4FeC5H5]6 (1b), N3P3(OPh)[ N(Me)N=CHC5H4FeC5H5]5 (2b), gem-N3P3Ph2[N(Me)N=CHC5H4FeC5H5]4 (3b), spiro-N3P3(O2C12H8)2[N(Me)N=CHC5H4FeC5H5]2 (4b), N3P3(OPh)5[N(Me)N=CHC5H4FeC5H5] (5b), and Ph2P(O)[ N(Me)N=CHC5H4FeC5H5] (6b). The structures of 1-6(a,b) have been determined by the use of multinuclear NMR, mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. X-ray crystal structures of 1b, 3b, 4b, 5b, and 6b have also been determined, which confirm their molecular structures. Cyclic voltammetric experiments on the ferrocenyl derivatives 1b-6b reveal an essentially reversible oxidation peak. Further, all of these are electrochemically quite robust and do not decompose on oxidation