CUSTO DE PRODUÇÃO DO ABACAXI ‘PÉROLA’ IRRIGADO EM CONDIÇÕES DE RISCO, NO ESTADO DA BAHIA.

O abacaxizeiro é uma planta de clima tropical, que apresenta crescimento adequado em grande parte das condições climáticas encontradas no Brasil, sobretudo na Bahia. No entanto necessita de chuvas bem distribuídas para não prejudicar seu crescimento e/ou desenvolvimento e, conseqüentemente, a produção. Este trabalho objetiva avaliar a viabilidade financeira do sistema de produção da cultura do abacaxi irrigado, em condições de risco. A metodologia utilizada consistiu no levantamento de dados primários, referentes aos vetores de preços dos insumos e dos produtos. Com base na matriz de coeficientes técnicos realizou-se a análise de rentabilidade em condições determinística e em condições de risco, utilizando-se o método de simulação de Monte Carlo. A partir da planilha de custo definiram-se as seguintes variáveis consideradas de maior impacto na composição dos indicadores de rentabilidade calculados: valor da mão-de-obra, valor dos insumos, custo de irrigação, preço do abacaxi e produtividade média. Os resultados demonstraram que a relação benefício/custo (B/C) variou de 0,95 a 2,24, apresentando uma probabilidade de 99,85% de ser maior que 1,0. O custo unitário oscilou de R$0,34/fruto a R$0,42/fruto, tendo uma probabilidade de 63,53% de ser menor que R$0,38/fruto. Esses resultados demonstram que a cultura do abacaxi, para as condições simuladas, apresenta-se rentável. ---------------------------------------------The pineapple is a tropical plant, which grows in a wide range of the Brazilian environment, especially in Bahia. However, well distributed rainfall is needed to improve their growth and/or development. Thus this study aims to assess the financial viability of the production system of irrigated pineapple crop, under risk conditions. The methodology used was the survey of primary data, regarding the vectors of prices of inputs and products. Based on the matrix of technical coefficients, the profitability analysis was performed under deterministic and risk conditions, using the Monte Carlo´s simulation method. Based on the cost spreadsheet the following variables, considered the greater impact on the composition of the profitability indicators were calculated: value of the labor, value of inputs, value of the irrigation cost, prices of pineapple and average productivity. The results showed that the benefit/cost (B/C) ranged from 0.95 to 2.24, giving a probability of 99.8$ 0.34 to R$0.42/ fruit, with a probability of 63.5$ 0.38 per fruit. These results show that the pineapple crop, on the simulated conditions, is profitable

CUSTO DE PRODUÇÃO DO ABACAXI ‘PÉROLA’ IRRIGADO EM CONDIÇÕES DE RISCO, NO ESTADO DA BAHIA.

O abacaxizeiro é uma planta de clima tropical, que apresenta crescimento adequado em grande parte das condições climáticas encontradas no Brasil, sobretudo na Bahia. No entanto necessita de chuvas bem distribuídas para não prejudicar seu crescimento e/ou desenvolvimento e, conseqüentemente, a produção. Este trabalho objetiva avaliar a viabilidade financeira do sistema de produção da cultura do abacaxi irrigado, em condições de risco. A metodologia utilizada consistiu no levantamento de dados primários, referentes aos vetores de preços dos insumos e dos produtos. Com base na matriz de coeficientes técnicos realizou-se a análise de rentabilidade em condições determinística e em condições de risco, utilizando-se o método de simulação de Monte Carlo. A partir da planilha de custo definiram-se as seguintes variáveis consideradas de maior impacto na composição dos indicadores de rentabilidade calculados: valor da mão-de-obra, valor dos insumos, custo de irrigação, preço do abacaxi e produtividade média. Os resultados demonstraram que a relação benefício/custo (B/C) variou de 0,95 a 2,24, apresentando uma probabilidade de 99,85% de ser maior que 1,0. O custo unitário oscilou de R$0,34/fruto a R$0,42/fruto, tendo uma probabilidade de 63,53% de ser menor que R$0,38/fruto. Esses resultados demonstram que a cultura do abacaxi, para as condições simuladas, apresenta-se rentável. ---------------------------------------------The pineapple is a tropical plant, which grows in a wide range of the Brazilian environment, especially in Bahia. However, well distributed rainfall is needed to improve their growth and/or development. Thus this study aims to assess the financial viability of the production system of irrigated pineapple crop, under risk conditions. The methodology used was the survey of primary data, regarding the vectors of prices of inputs and products. Based on the matrix of technical coefficients, the profitability analysis was performed under deterministic and risk conditions, using the Monte Carlo´s simulation method. Based on the cost spreadsheet the following variables, considered the greater impact on the composition of the profitability indicators were calculated: value of the labor, value of inputs, value of the irrigation cost, prices of pineapple and average productivity. The results showed that the benefit/cost (B/C) ranged from 0.95 to 2.24, giving a probability of 99.8$ 0.34 to R$0.42/ fruit, with a probability of 63.5$ 0.38 per fruit. These results show that the pineapple crop, on the simulated conditions, is profitable.viabilidade econômica, simulação Monte Carlo, semi-árido, Economic viability, Monte Carlo simulation, semi-arid, Crop Production/Industries,

Brazilian coffee genome project: an EST-based genomic resource

O café é um dos principais produtos agrícolas, sendo considerado o segundo item em importância do comércio internacional de commodities. O gênero Coffea pertence à família Rubiaceae que também inclui outras plantas importantes. Este gênero contém aproximadamente 100 espécies, mas a produção comercial é baseada somente em duas espécies, Coffea arabica e Coffea canephora, que representam aproximadamente 70 % e 30 % do mercado total de café, respectivamente. O Projeto Genoma Café Brasileiro foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de disponibilizar os modernos recursos da genômica à comunidade científica e aos diferentes segmentos da cadeia produtiva do café. Para isso, foram seqüenciados 214.964 clones escolhidos aleatoriamente de 37 bibliotecas de cDNA de C. arabica, C. canephora e C. racemosa representando estádios específicos do desenvolvimento de células e de tecidos do cafeeiro, resultando em 130.792, 12.381 e 10.566 seqüências de cada espécie, respectivamente, após processo de trimagem. Os ESTs foram agrupados em 17.982 contigs e em 32.155 singletons. A comparação destas seqüências pelo programa BLAST revelou que 22 % não tiveram nenhuma similaridade significativa às seqüências no banco de dados do National Center for Biotechnology Information (de função conhecida ou desconhecida). A base de dados de ESTs do cafeeiro resultou na identificação de cerca de 33.000 unigenes diferentes. Os resultados de anotação das seqüências foram armazenados em base de dados online em http://www.lge.ibi.unicamp.br/cafe. Os recursos desenvolvidos por este projeto disponibilizam ferramentas genéticas e genômicas que podem ser decisivas para a sustentabilidade, a competitividade e a futura viabilidade da agroindústria cafeeira nos mercados interno e externo.Coffee is one of the most valuable agricultural commodities and ranks second on international trade exchanges. The genus Coffea belongs to the Rubiaceae family which includes other important plants. The genus contains about 100 species but commercial production is based only on two species, Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora that represent about 70 % and 30 % of the total coffee market, respectively. The Brazilian Coffee Genome Project was designed with the objective of making modern genomics resources available to the coffee scientific community, working on different aspects of the coffee production chain. We have single-pass sequenced a total of 214,964 randomly picked clones from 37 cDNA libraries of C. arabica, C. canephora and C. racemosa, representing specific stages of cells and plant development that after trimming resulted in 130,792, 12,381 and 10,566 sequences for each species, respectively. The ESTs clustered into 17,982 clusters and 32,155 singletons. Blast analysis of these sequences revealed that 22 % had no significant matches to sequences in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database (of known or unknown function). The generated coffee EST database resulted in the identification of close to 33,000 different unigenes. Annotated sequencing results have been stored in an online database at http://www.lge.ibi.unicamp.br/cafe. Resources developed in this project provide genetic and genomic tools that may hold the key to the sustainability, competitiveness and future viability of the coffee industry in local and international markets

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licenseBackground: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p<0·0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63·0% vs 82·7%; OR 0·35 [0·23–0·53]; p<0·0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer. Interpretation: Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised. Funding: National Institute for Health and Care Research