Characterization of Mountainous Production Systems in Quimiag Parrish, Chimborazo province, Ecuador

This study characterizes and typifies dairy areas in the Quimiag parish, Ecuador, using quantitative and qualitative information simultaneously, of production indicators, current technological development, management of dairy cows and the human resources employed. A total of 291 dairy areas were analyzed with three different techniques of multivariate statistical analysis: Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA), and Cluster Analysis (CA). Three production groups or systems were observed to have different efficiency responses. System number three was characterized by having more intensive production systems on average, along with a more advanced technological development than systems one and two

Caracterización de Sistemas Productivos Lecheros en Condiciones de Montaña, Parroquia Químiag, Provincia Chimborazo, Ecuador.

Este estudio caracteriza y tipifica explotaciones lecheras presentes en la parroquia Químiag de Ecuador, utilizando simultáneamente información cuantitativa y cualitativa referente a indicadores productivos, nivel tecnológico presente, manejo de vacas lecheras, y recurso humano empleado. Un total de 291 explotaciones lecheras, para la zona estudiada, fueron analizadas mediante tres técnicas de análisis estadístico multivariable:  análisis  de  componentes principales (ACP), análisis  de  correspondencias múltiples (ACM) y  análisis  de  conglomerados  (AC). Tres grupos o tipos de sistemas productivos lecheros fueron identificados con diferentes niveles de eficiencia productiva. El sistema productivo tres se caracterizó por tener en promedio sistemas productivos más intensivos, junto con un desarrollo tecnológico más avanzado que el sistema productivo uno y dos.Characterization of Dairy Production Systems in Terms of Mountain Químiag Parish, Chimbora-zo Province, Ecuador.ABSTRACTThis study characterizes and defines the present in dairy farms of Ecuador parish Químiag simultaneously using quantitative and qualitative indicators concerning production, this level of technology, management of dairy cows, and human resources employee. A total of 291 dairy farms for the study area were analyzed using three multivariate statistical analysis techniques: Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA). Three groups or types of dairy production systems were identified with different levels of production efficiency. The production system was characterized by three average more intensive production systems, along with technological development more advanced than the production system one and two

Evaluation of Ecuadorian Cattle Farms.

A group of 146 dairy farms from the northwest highlands region of Ambato Canton, Ecuador,  was  evaluated. The techniques used were survey, observation of the technological process, and selection of 20 produ ction indicators as variables of conglomerate classification and analysis. An average of 1.9 and 1.5 ha were allocated to pasture production, with a stocking rate of 1.3 of adult bovine unit s/ha, 22 animals per farm (17 being milked).  Dairy production is 6.1 l/cow/farm/day, and 10.1 l/farm/day. Two different groups  of units were made for pasturelands,  stocking rate, production per animal, farm/day, and farm/year; as well as for hygiene, husbandry, and reproduction. The first group was made up of 119 units, and had the lower results; the second group was made up of 27 animals. The group with the better results, located  in areas with improved pasture, received better nutrition,  and genetic breeding was performed. Actions are proposed to enhance production in the less efficient group. These results,  combined with previous social and economic studies are the basis for further implementation by the provincial Government of Tungurahua, and other national bodies

Análisis de unidades vacunas lecheras ecuatorianas.

Se analizaron  146 fincas  lecheras de  la zona de transición a los páramos noroccidentales del Cantón Ambato, Ecuador, mediante aplicación  de encuesta, observación  del proceso tecnológico, selección de 20 indicadores produc-tivos como variables de tipificación y análisis de  conglomerados. En estas unidades un promedio de 1,9 y 1,5  ha están  dedicadas  a la producción de pastizales; tiene capacidad de carga de 1,3 UBA/ha;  2,2 animales por finca  (de ellos 1,7 en ordeño); además  su producción láctea es de 6,1 l/vaca/día y 10,1 l/finca/día. Se establecieron dos grupos de unidades  diferentes en áreas  de pastizal, cargas, producciones por animal, por finca/día y por finca/año; también en  aspectos sanitarios,  de manejo y reproducción.  El primer grupo, con inferiores resultados, lo conforman 119  uni-dades; y el segundo las 27 restantes. El grupo de mejores resultados tienen mayores áreas de pastos mejorados, hacen mejoras genéticas y manejan mejor la alimentación de  sus animales. Se proponen  acciones para mejorar las características productivas del  grupo menos desarrollado. Estos resultados, unido a estudios socioeconómicos anteriores, son bases  para la futura implementación de proyectos por parte del Gobierno Provincial de Tungurahua y otras enti-dades nacionales.Evaluation of Ecuadorian Cattle Units.ABSTRACTA group of 146 dairy farms from the northwest highland  region of Ambato Canton, Ecuador,  was  evaluated. The techniques used were survey, observation of the technological process, and selection of 20 production indicators as variables of conglomerate classification and analysis. An average of 1.9 and 1.5 ha were allocated to pasture produc-tion,  with a stocking rate of 1.3 of adult bovine units/ha, 22 animals per farm (17 being milked).  Dairy production is 6.1 l/cow/farm/day, and 10.1 l/farm/day. Two different groups  of units were made for pasturelands,  stocking rate, production per animal, farm/day, and farm/year; as well as for hygiene, husbandry, and reproduction. The first group was made up of 119 units, and had the lower results; the second group was made up of 27 animals.  The group with the better results, located  in  areas with improved pasture,  received better nutrition, and genetic breeding  was made. Actions are proposed to enhance production in  the less efficient group. These results, along with previous social and economic studies  are  the basis for further implementation of the provincial  Government of Tungurahua, and other national bodies

Characterization of Beekeeping Systems in Central Ecuadoran Regions

Six quantitative and twenty-four qualitative variables were used to characterize agricultural systems for rural extension actions in the provinces of Tungurahua and Chimborazo, Republic of Ecuador, for which information was collected from 131 farmers in both provinces. The information was analyzed through exploratory multivariate statistics (multiple correspondence and cluster analyses); three beekeeping systems were generated: SA 1 (33 %), SA 2 (22 %) and SA 3 (45 %). Characterization was made through central tendency. The first beekeeping system determined after the analysis was more experienced, uses transhumance, and has the largest number of annual harvests, though it is deficient in health counseling, investment capital, and know-how to feed bees. The second system was characterized by greater instruction level of owners, better income and training, though they lack investment capital. The previous results led to the conclusion that SA 3 was the group with the greatest needs of rural extension support. In that sense, the replication of this research at a regional scale, and analysis of production efficiency for the most significant groups, were recommended.&nbsp