22 research outputs found
Pattern and Presentation of Vitreo-Retinal Diseases: An Analysis of Retrospective Data at a Tertiary Eye Care Center in Nepal
Purpose: We examined patients presenting in a tertiary eye hospital in
Nepal, focusing on information relevant to screening and management
programs for vitreo-retinal (VR) disease.
Design: Retrospective, cross-sectional study.
Methods: We reviewed all patients presenting for the first time to the
VR-clinic over 1 year. We quantified patient demography, symptoms and
duration, systemic diseases, ophthalmological examinations, diagnostic
investigations, and final diagnoses.
Results: Of the 1905 cases, 1148 were male (60.3%). The 25th percentile
of ages was 29 and 38 years for male and female, respectively; thus,
female presented later (P < 0.0001). Hypertension was the commonest
systemic disease (40.8%), followed by diabetes (32.5%). Age-related
macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) affected 447
eyes (11.8%) and 416 eyes (10.9%), respectively. Male and female AMD
and DR patients did not differ in age or disease duration. Similarly, age or
disease duration for DR did not correlate with severity. Asymmetry of
disease severity between eyes with AMD and DR was largest in patients
with 1 normal eye. Presenting acuity was asymmetric between eyes
(P < 0.0001) with people more often reporting once their right eyes
had acuity of 6/18 or worse.
Conclusions: The screening of blood pressure and glucose levels combined
with fundus photography could prevent many from progressing to
life-changing visual impairment and blindness. Later reporting by
females began at childbearing age; therefore, education and ocular
screening could be usefully coupled in reproductive health programs.
Clubbing VR disease screening with other established health programs
like diabetes control program, hypertension clinics, school health program,
and so on, would provide economical and sustainable approach
Prevalence of visual impairment, cataract surgery and awareness of cataract and glaucoma in Bhaktapur district of Nepal: The Bhaktapur Glaucoma Study
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cataract and glaucoma are the major causes of blindness in Nepal. Bhaktapur is one of the three districts of Kathmandu valley which represents a metropolitan city with a predominantly agrarian rural periphery. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of visual impairment, cataract surgery and awareness of cataract and glaucoma among subjects residing in this district of Nepal.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Subjects aged 40 years and above was selected using a cluster sampling methodology and a door to door enumeration was conducted for a population based cross sectional study. During the community field work, 11499 subjects underwent a structured interview regarding awareness (heard of) and knowledge (understanding of the disease) of cataract and glaucoma. At the base hospital 4003 out of 4800 (83.39%) subjects underwent a detailed ocular examination including log MAR visual acuity, refraction, applanation tonometry, cataract grading (LOCSΙΙ), retinal examination and SITA standard perimetry when indicated.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The age-sex adjusted prevalence of blindness (best corrected <3/60) and low vision (best corrected <6/18 ≥3/60) was 0.43% (95%C.I. 0.25 - 0.68) and 3.97% (95% C.I. 3.40 - 4.60) respectively. Cataract (53.3%) was the principal cause of blindness. The leading causes of low vision were cataract (60.8%) followed by refractive error (12%). The cataract surgical coverage was 90.36% and was higher in the younger age group, females and illiterate subjects. Pseudophakia was seen in 94%. Awareness of cataract (6.7%) and glaucoma (2.4%) was very low. Among subjects who were aware, 70.4% had knowledge of cataract and 45.5% of glaucoma. Cataract was commonly known to be a 'pearl like dot' white opacity in the eye while glaucoma was known to cause blindness. Awareness remained unchanged in different age groups for cataract while for glaucoma there was an increase in awareness with age. Women were significantly less aware (odds ratio (OR): 0.63; 95%, confidence interval (CI): 0.54 - 0.74) for cataract and (OR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.50 - 0.81) for glaucoma. Literacy was also correlated with awareness.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The low prevalence of visual impairment and the high cataract surgical coverage suggests that cataract intervention programs have been successful in Bhaktapur. Awareness and knowledge of cataract and glaucoma was very poor among this population. Eye care programs needs to be directed towards preventing visual impairment from refractive errors, screening for incurable chronic eye diseases and promoting health education in order to raise awareness on cataract and glaucoma among this population.</p
Population awareness of diabetic eye disease and age related macular degeneration in Nepal: the Bhaktapur Retina Study
Intra- and inter-rater agreement between an ophthalmologist and mid-level ophthalmic personnel to diagnose retinal diseases based on fundus photographs at a primary eye center in Nepal: the Bhaktapur Retina Study
Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane in Young Patient: A Rare Case Presentation
Epiretinal membrane is avascular fibrous tissue which is adhered to the internal layers of retina in the
macular area. Patient may be asymptomatic or present with blurring of vision and metamorphopsia.
The idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane is more often seen in elderly but it could be present in young
patients in association with other vitreo-retinal diseases and following intraocular surgery. The
idiopathic Eperetinal Membrane in young patients are rare. Here we present a thirty one year healthy
women presented with idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane who gained full visual recovery following
the pars plana vitrectomy, membrane peeling and gas for its rarity.
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Keywords: epiretinal membrane; idiopathic; young women
Clinico-microbiological Profile and Visual outcome in Traumatic Endophthalmitis following Pars Plana Vitrectomy at a Tertiary Eye Care Centre of Nepal
Introduction: Endophthalmitis is a potentially devastating ocular complication of perforating eye injury where prompt intervention can save some vision. This study aims to explore the clinico-microbiologic profile and visual outcome following pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in traumatic endophthalmitis.
Methods: This is a retrospective interventional case series study conducted at a tertiary eye care centre of Nepal. A total of 49 consecutive cases (49 eyes) of endophthalmitis following PEI, who underwent PPV from January 2007 to June 2010 were included in the study. Â
Results: Mean age was 14.7 years (S.D. 14.27). Twenty seven patients (55%) were of age group below 10 years. Male to female ratio was 2.75:1. Mean duration of presentation was 8.9 days. Nineteen eyes (36.73%) had injuries with wooden sticks, followed by injury with metallic objects in 16 patients (32.56%). PEI involving zone I was found in 31 eyes (63.25%). The retained intraocular foreign body was found in seven patients (14.2%). The post operative vision improved in almost 24 cases (49%) with visual recovery of 20/200 and better in six cases (12.24%). The vitreous culture was positive in five cases (12.8%) with predominant streptococcus pneumonia in four cases (10.25%). Â
Conclusions: Children were the mostly affected group with males outnumbering females. Wooden sticks and metallic objects were the commonest insulting agents. Despite the late presentation and predominant zone I injury, eye could be salvaged in majority with visual recovery of 20/200 and better in six cases (12.24%).
Keywords: endophthalmitis; intra-ocular foreign body; perforating eye injury; vitrectomy .
A comparison of techniques to address the frequency of Helicobacter pylori positive dyspeptic patient
Abstract Objectives The study was aimed to compare the diagnostic techniques, for the detection of Helicobacter pylori infection, available in low-income countries, where molecular testing is not available or inaccessible to anyone. Results Of total enrolled patient, with the mean age of 41.4 ± 13.33 years, 24 (14 female; 10 male) were diagnosed to have been infected. The diagnosis was established based upon the gold standard test [either two of three tests: Rapid Urease Test (RUT), culture and histological examinations]. Of clinical presentation, the epigastric pain (75%) was the commonest; nevertheless, the endoscopic findings had shown an equivocal specificity since the larger percentile (58.3%) reported as normal findings, in a presumed dyspepsia. Based on the premise—with calculated sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values; the accuracy order observed as histology > RUT > serology > stool antigen test, in H. pylori detection from the clinical samples. The accuracy order of the diagnostic test may vary depending upon the laboratory settings and study population. Therefore, in reference to low-income countries, the clinicians must resort any available positive test so that the supporting positive rudiments would be an ancillary in augmenting the diagnostic accuracy
A Study on Pattern of Retinal Detachment in Patients with Choroidal Coloboma and Its Outcome after Surgery at a Tertiary Eye Hospital in Nepal
Background. To review the pattern of retinal detachment (RD) in patients with choroidal coloboma and type of reattachment surgery performed and to study its outcome in terms of retinal reattachment, visual acuity, and postsurgical complications. Methods. Observational case series of a single tertiary eye institution of 13 eyes having choroidal coloboma with RD done from January 2015 to June 2017. Results. Mean age of presentation was 29.3 years (Range 14–60 years). Males were two times more affected than females (2.25 : 1). The overall rate of anatomic success achieved after RD repair and silicon oil removal at 6 months was 92.3% (12/13 eyes). Following surgery, visual acuity improved in 6 out of 11 eyes (54.54%), remained unchanged in 4 eyes (36.36%), and worsened in 1 eye (9.1%). The most common complication following surgery was secondary glaucoma in 30.7% (4/11 eyes). Conclusion. The overall anatomic success rate of retina reattachment surgery in colobomatous eye is good, and the visual outcome following surgery can improve in majority of the cases or may remain same in few cases. Hence, timely surgery is advocated. But careful follow-up is required as the risk of postoperative complications is also high