6 research outputs found
Rostro-caudal gradient in the expression of transcriptional factor SOX2 in the fetal human brain
Π’ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡ Sox2 Π΅ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ Π² ΠΌΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ° ΠΎΡ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΠΈΡΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ΄Π±Π°ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ·ΡΠΊ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° Π΅ Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ° Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π° ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π·Π° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄ΡΡΠΆΠ°Π½Π΅ ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠ° Π½Π° Π΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠ°Π»Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ° Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈ. ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π·Π° Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ° Π½Π° Sox2 Π² ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΌΠΎΠ·ΡΠΊ ΠΎΠ±Π°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ° ΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΄Π΅ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈ. Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π²Π°Π½Π΅ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° Π½Π° Sox2 Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠΎ-ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ° Π² ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π· 20-ΡΠ° Π³Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠΈΡΠ° (Π³.Ρ.). Π§ΡΠ΅Π· ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½Π° ΠΈΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π±ΡΡ
Π° Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π·Π° ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ. Π’Π΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π±ΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ Π΄ΡΠ» Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ ΡΠΎΠ²Π° ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π³Π΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈ Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ²Π° ΠΈ Π΄ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ·ΡΡΠ½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΉΠΊΠΈ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠ° Π½Π° Sox2 Π² ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈ Π³Π΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈ Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½ (Π²Π΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ»Π½Π°, Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π° ΡΡΠ±Π²Π΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ»Π½Π° ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ½ΡΠ½Π° ΡΡΠ±Π²Π΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ»Π½Π° Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°), ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π² Π±ΡΠΎΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎ-Π·Π°Π΄Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π»Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π½ΠΎ Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡ Π½Π° Sox2 ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π²ΡΠ² Π²Π΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ»Π½Π°ΡΠ° Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π²Π° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΠ½Π°, Π²ΡΠ² Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ° ΡΡΠ±Π²Π΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ»Π½Π° Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΈΠΌΠ° Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, a ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ½ΡΠ½Π°Ρa ΡΡΠ±Π²Π΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ»Π½Π° Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΈΠΌΠ° Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ² Π²ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠ° Ρ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡ Sox2 ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π° ΠΏo-Π΄ΠΎΠ±Ρo ΡΠ°Π·Π±ΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅, Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠ°Π»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ/ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π² ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ·ΡΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π½Π°ΡΠ° Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ.Transcriptional factor Sox2 is a key component in a network of genes controlling the faith of diverse types of stem and progenitor cells in the developing brain. Its important role in self-renewal and maintenance of multipotency of embryonic neural progenitors is well established in a number of mammalian species. However, the data about the expression and function of Sox2 in the human fetal brain are scarce and controversial. In the present investigation, we studied Sox2 expression and its rostro-caudal dynamics in human telencephalon at 20th gestational week. Using a standard immunofluorescence technique positive cells for this transcriptional factor were visualized. Their numbers and relative portion were determined and compared in specific germinal zones at various levels and in different areas of the telencephalic cortex. When studying Sox2 expression we discovered significant differences in the numbers of positive cells in all three germinal zones (ventricular, inner subventricular and outer subventricular) in rostro-caudal direction. From rostrally to caudally the relative portion of Sox2 positive cells in the ventricular zone did not showed a significant change, in the inner subventricular zone there was a significant reduction and in the outer subventricular zone there was a slight increase. The differences described in the expression of transcriptional factor Sox2 may be of significance for a better understanding of processes related to the development, differentiation and migration of neural stem/progenitor cells in the human telencephalon during fetal neurogenesis in normal and pathological conditions
Cellular proliferation in the cortex of postischemic cerebellum by primates
ΠΠ»Π΅ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π½Π΅ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π΅ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ ΠΌΠΎΠ·ΡΡΠ½Π° ΠΈΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΠ° Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π΅ΡΠΎ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π° ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π· Π±ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ (BrdU), ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡ Π·Π° ΠΠΠ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π°, ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈ, Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄Π° Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΠΉΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈ (Macaca fuscata) ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ·ΡΡΠ½Π° ΠΈΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ·ΡΠΊ. Π‘ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°, ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° BrdU (2 Π΄Π΅Π½Π° Ρ
250 mg/kg ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ 5 Π΄Π΅Π½Π° Ρ
100 mg/kg i.v.) ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ ΠΈΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ° (ΡΡΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ 4, 9 ΠΈ 15 Π΄Π½ΠΈ) ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΡ
Π° ΡΠ°Π·ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈ Π² Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»Π½ΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π΅ Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π·Π° Π½Π° Π·Π°ΠΌΡΠ°Π·Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ·ΡΠΊ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈ Π·Π° ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΊΠ²Π°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅Ρ BrdU. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎ BrdU+ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ·ΡΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈ, Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΈΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ, ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ°Π²Π°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ²Π°Ρ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π°Π±ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π·Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄ΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠ²ΠΎ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π° Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π½ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΈΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°, ΡΠ΅ ΡΡ Π΅ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡ, ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ Π½Π°ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ²Π° Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ ΠΈΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ°. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠΎΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° BrdU+ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ, Π·Π° Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ·ΡΠΊ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ ΠΈΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠ»Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π±ΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π΅ΡΠΎ Π·Π° Π²ΡΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ ΠΈΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ·ΡΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈ.Tissue and cellular mechanisms of damage and restoration Π°fter brain ischemia have fundamental as well as practical significance. The goal of the present study was to determine changes in cellular proliferation by bromodeoxyuridin (BrdU), indicator of DNA synthesis, in the cerebellum of newborn, one year old and adult Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) after global brain ischemia. According to the age, BrdU paradigm (2 days Ρ
250 mg/kg i.v. or 5 days Ρ
100 mg/kg) and survival period after ischemia (4, 9 and 15 days correspondingly) the animals were distributed in several control and experimental groups. We applied immunohistochemical staining with peroxidase on frozen sections from cerebella of the monkeys examined to demonstrate the proliferative marker BrdU. Π‘omparison of thΠ΅ Π°mount of BrdU+ cells in cerebellar cortex between non-ischemic control groups of different age showed a significant age dependent decline in the proliferative processes acheaving a relatively low supporting level. Comparison between groups of adult monkeys, subjected to ischemia with different duration, indicated that it is an important factor which induced cellular proliferation in the cerebellum but this effect declined with the time after ischemia. A forthcoming phenotyping of BrdU+ cells will differentiate between types of newborn cells and their relationship in the postischemic cerebellar cortex. The data acquired may expand and enlarge the understanding about restorative processes after ischemic injury to the cerebellum in the primates examined
Πxpression of transcriptional factors PAX2 and PAX6 in primate cerebellum related to the age and following ischemiΠ°
ΠΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ° Pax ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π° ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π΅ΡΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π½ΠΎ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΠ° Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π½Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°. Π ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠΎ Π½Π° Π΄Π²Π° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° (Π’Π€) ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠ° - pax2 ΠΈ pax6 Π² ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π½Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π½ΠΎ Π·Π° Pax6 Π³Π΅Π½Π° - Π½ΠΎΠ²Π° ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π·Π°Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ·ΡΠΊ (Metencephalon).Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΠ° Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π²Π°Π½Π΅ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠΎ, ΡΠ°Π·ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠΎ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈ Π΄Π²Π° Π’Π€ Π² ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ·ΡΠΊ Π½Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈ, Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄Π° Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΠΉΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈ (Macaca fuscata), ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»Π½Π° ΠΌoΠ·ΡΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΈΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡ. Π‘ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° (Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈ, Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈ) ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ ΠΈΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ (ΡΡΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ 9 ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ 15 Π΄Π½ΠΈ) ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΡ
Π° ΡΠ°Π·ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈ Π² Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»Π½ΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½Π° ΠΈΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ½Π° ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π·Π° ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° Π·Π°ΠΌΡΠ°Π·Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ·ΡΠΊ Π·Π° ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΊΠ²Π°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° pax2 ΠΈ pax6.ΠΡΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ Pax2(+) ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ² Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π·ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ·ΡΠΊ ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ»ΠΎΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ΅. Π ΠΏΠΎ-ΠΊΡΡΠ½Π° Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎ ΠΈΠΌ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ²Π°. Π Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΈΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ Pax2(+) ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Ρ Π² ΡΠ»ΠΎΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π·ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π· ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎ Π² ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅.Pax6(+) ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ Π² Π³ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π²ΡΠ² Π²ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅Π²Π΅ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ·ΡΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈ, Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΠΉΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ²Π° ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ² Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π·ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉ. ΠΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π½Π°ΡΠ° Π³ΡΡΠΏΠ° ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΈΠΌ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π΅ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎ Π² Π·ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π· ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π² ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΈΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡ.ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π²Π°Ρ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠ»Π²Π°Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈ Π΄Π²Π° Π’Π€ Π² ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ·ΡΠΊ Π² Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΠΎ, Π±Π΅Π· Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ·ΡΡΠ½Π° ΠΈΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡ.The genes of Pax family play important roles in the proliferation of multiple cell lines, formation of various organs, including the development and organization of the central nervous system. Lately, it was found the significance of two transcriptional factors (Π’Fs) of this group - pax2 and pax6 in tissue regeneration, especially for Pax6 gene - a novel function in the segmental organization of the hindbrain.The goal of the present investigation was to study the presence, distribution and dynamics of these two TF in the cerebella of newborn, one-year old and young adult Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata), by the latter also after global brain ischemia. According to the age (newborn, one-year old and adult) and period of survival time after ischemia by the adults (9 or 15 days respectively), animals ware distributed in several control and experimental groups. We applied fluorescent immunohistochemical technique for staining cryo-sections of cerebellum for demonstration of pax2 and pax6.By the newborn animals Pax2(+) cells were found mainly in the inner granular cell layer of the cerebellum and in the layer of Purkinje cells. At later age their quantity was reduced. In the ischemic groups single Pax2(+) cells were located in the Purkinje cell layer and granular cell layer without difference in the location and amount compared with controls.Pax6(+) cells were found in large amount in all layers of the cerebellar cortex by newborn animals, whereas by one-year old monkeys such cells were found mainly in the inner granular layer. By adult animals of the control group their typical location was only in the granular layer, there was no difference in comparison with the ischemic groups.The data received conferm and expand the available information related to the presence and typical distribution of these two Π’Fs in the cerebellum in the course of postnatal development without establishment of changes following global brain ischemia
Reduction of Liver Iron Load in Adult Patients with Ξ²-Thalassemia Major Treated with Modern Chelation Modalities
Background: Management of beta-thalassemia major (TM) requires life-long hemotransfusions leading to iron overload. Iron elimination is enhanced by the use of modern chelators.Β Aim: To assess the effect of modern chelation therapy by dynamics of serum ferritin concentration and liver MRI T2*.Patients and methods: Forty-six patients with TM (male to female ratio =1:1, mean age 33.2Β±10.9 years) were prospectively studied between 2011 and 2014. Twenty-one patients (45.7%) were treated with deferasirox, 17 (37%) β with deferiprone, and 8 (17.3%) β with deferiprone in combination with deferoxamine. Ferritin was measured by ELISA. MRI T2* was assessed by Siemens Magnetom Avanto 1.5T. The patients were allocated into 3 groups based on their initial ferritin level and liver MRI T2*. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v. 18 for Windows. Data were analysed by descriptive analysis, analysis of variance and correlative analysis, means were compared using t-test and one-way ANOVA.Results: In 2011, 9 (19.5%) patients had normal liver MRI T2*; in 2014 they were 17 (37%). The patients with mild grade liver siderosis were 12 (26%) in 2011, and in 2014 they were 14 (30.4%). In 2011, the patients with moderate liver siderosis were 14 (30.4%), and in 2014 β 12 (26.0%). Eleven patients (23.9%) had severe liver siderosis in 2011 and only two patients (4.0%) were diagnosed with the condition in 2014.Conclusion: A reduction of iron overload was found in all studied groups. This positive effect is attributed to the use of modern chelators and the ease of access to accurate monitoring
Clinical characteristics, disease evolution and survival in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia, BCR-ABL1 (+) and T315I mutation.
Introduction: The T315I mutation in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has been associated with therapeutic resistance and an unfavourable prognosis.Aim: To study the frequency of T315I mutation in patients with CML, BCR-ABLΒ (+), their clinical characteristics, disease evolution, and median survival.Patients and methods: We studied 75 patients with CML and BCR-ABL1Β (+). T315I mutation was detected by digital droplet PCR and BCR-ABL1 was analyzed by RT-PCR. A comparative analysis was performed by sex, age, disease phase, risk group, treatment, molecular response (MR), and median survival in T315IΒ (+) and T315IΒ (β) patients.Results: T315I mutation was detected in 11 patients (14.7%). No significant difference was found in the phase, risk group, and first-line therapy. A significantly higher proportion of T315IΒ (+) did not achieve MRΒ >3.5 log: 8 (72.7%) vs. 22 (34.4%) (p=0.023). The lowest mean BCR-ABL1 levels were significantly higher in the CML T315IΒ (+) group compared to the CML T315IΒ (β) group: 12.1Β±6.0 vs. 3.77Β±1.28 (p=0.009). The median survival of T315IΒ (+) patients was significantly shorter: 73 months vs. 175 months (p<0.0001, CI 95%).Conclusions: Our data confirm the world experience on the frequency of T315I mutation, including the unfavourable evolution, resistance to TKI treatment and short survival. ddPCR is a highly sensitive method for early detection of genetic mutations which gives the chance for effective treatment
ο»ΏAnalysis of the pharmacotherapeutic effectiveness of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors therapy in patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in a single hematology center in Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Aim. The aim of this study is to evaluate treatment retrospectively, response to the therapy and outcomes in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and to what extent the European recommendations of LeukemiaNET (ELN) are followed at the Hematology Clinic, University Hospital βSt. Georgiβ, MU Plovdiv. Methods. All patients with Ph+, BCR-ABL1+ CML who were treated and observed between 01.01.2018 and 12.31.2022 at the clinic were included in the study and were analyzed retrospectively. Results. One hundred and eighty-eight patients with a mean age of 61.26 (21β91) years were analyzed. 151 (80.3%) were in chronic phase (CP), 27 (14.4%) in accelerating one and 10 (5.3%) in blast crisis. The actual overall survival rate was 79.26%, while for CP it is very high β 86.75%, and the mortality rate is 20.74%. All patients received some form of tyrosine kinase inhibitors therapy (TKIs-therapy). The first line TKI was imatinib in 120 patients (64%), and 68 (36%) received a second-generation TKI. Treatment response was monitored with TKIs by RT-qPCR. Conclusion. CML patients treated in the hematology clinic receive standard care in accordance with ELN and BMSH recommendations. Overall survival (OS) in routine care is comparable to published data from international studies. Molecular monitoring provides a good basis for disease control in CP. There are unmet needs in the treatment of patients in advanced stages